Search

Purpose: To conduct a comprehensive narrative review of the evidence for radiotherapy target volumes to the neck, after neck dissection, for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary (HNSCCUP). Inclusion or exclusion of mucosal irradiation is not the focus of interest for this review article. Materials and Methods: Literature (PubMed‐Medline, EMBASE database and Cochrane library) was searched using the relevant keywords. The search results were limited to the studies published in year 2000 or after. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were retrospective in nature. The incidence of contralateral recurrence rates in the untreated neck when the involved neck only is treated remains very low (0%–10%). Survival has improved over the past two decades, most likely due to improved diagnostic techniques and the increase in incidence of HPV‐related disease. Conclusion: Given the rarity of disease, level one evidence from randomised controlled trials is lacking. Available data are retrospective but support unilateral post‐operative radiotherapy as a treatment option in selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perylene diimide (PDI) and naphthalene diimides (NDIs) are compounds widely used in supramolecular structures due to their versatile and functional properties. They have high absorptions and photoluminescence capabilities, which make them ideal for electronic transition studies. Reflux method, a widely employed synthetic technique, was utilized to synthesize NDI and PDI derivatives. In this method, the respective amino acids and NTDA (naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride) were combined in acetic acid and the resulting mixture was subjected to reflux. This study centered on a diverse set of NDI and PDI ligands, comprising L‐ala‐NDI, B‐ala‐NDI, Gly‐NDI, Imi‐NDI, Pyr‐NDI, L‐ala‐PDI, B‐ala‐PDI, Gly‐PDI, Imi‐PDI, and Pyr‐PDI ligands. Crystal structures were obtained for three NDI ligands, while the characterization of all ligands involved several analytical techniques such as NMR, IR, UV, DFT, TD‐DFT calculations, and single‐crystal x‐ray crystallography specifically for the NDI ligands. The investigation focused on studying the electron acceptor/donor behavior of the NDI and PDI ligands, identifying their potential for charge transfer applications. Furthermore, the NLO (nonlinear optical) response of all 10 NDI and PDI ligands was assessed through an analysis involving HOMO‐LUMO, TDM, EDDM, NCI, Iso‐surface, MEP, natural population, and DOS analysis. This evaluation encompassed the examination of linear polarizability, as well as first and second hyperpolarizability in the context of NLO. The findings of the study revealed that Gly‐PDI, Imi‐PDI, L‐ala‐PDI, and B‐ala‐PDI ligands displayed a higher NLO response compared with the other ligands. These results highlight the potential of these ligands for nonlinear optical applications. The comprehensive characterization and assessment of the NDI and PDI ligands contribute to a deeper understanding of their electron properties, positioning them as promising candidates for charge transfer and nonlinear optical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of a study on the use of reactive nasogastric tube (NGT) feeding in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing radiotherapy. The study found that most patients admitted for NGT feeding were receiving curative radiotherapy. The timing of NGT insertion varied, and the study suggests that streamlining access to NGT feeding could reduce hospital stays. The article also discusses the cost implications of NGT feeding and suggests that an outpatient NGT feeding service could be beneficial in initiating earlier enteral feeding and avoiding hospital admissions. [Extracted from the article]

The rapid evolution of electronic media in recent decades has exponentially amplified the propagation of fake news, resulting in widespread confusion and misunderstanding among the masses, especially concerning critical topics like the COVID‐19 pandemic. Consequently, detecting fake news on social media has emerged as a prominent area of research, attracting significant attention. This article introduces a novel cascaded group multi‐head attention (CGMHA) model for COVID‐19 fake news detection. Our research collected Twitter datasets with accurate and fake tweets in Urdu. The novel CGMHA model and depth‐wise convolution capture local and global contextual information by employing multiple attention heads in a cascaded fashion, enabling a comprehensive understanding of fake news. While achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance, we also highlight challenges such as language variations and misinformation nuances in the detection process, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in combatting fake news. Our proposed model surpasses the performance of state‐of‐the‐art models in classifying fake news and achieves accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall of 0.98, 0.96, 0.95, and 0.95, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]