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BACKGROUND: With the increasing incidence of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins in the field, elucidating the molecular basis of resistance is important for monitoring, delaying and countering pest resistance. Previous work revealed that mutation or down‐regulated expression of the cadherin gene (PgCad1) is associated with pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) resistance to Cry1Ac, and 20 mutant PgCad1 alleles (r1‐r20) were characterized. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the ABC transporter PgABCC2 is a functional receptor for the Bt toxin Cry1Ac and that a mutation is associated with resistance. RESULTS: We identified and characterized the first resistance allele (rC2) of PgABCC2 in the laboratory‐selected Cry1Ac‐resistant strain AQ‐C2 of pink bollworm. The rC2 allele had a one‐base deletion in exon20, resulting in a frameshift and the introduction of a premature stop codon. This resulting PgABCC2 protein had a truncated C‐terminus, including the loss of the NBD2 domain. AQ‐C2 exhibited 20.2‐fold greater resistance to Cry1Ac than the susceptible strain, and its inheritance of Cry1Ac resistance was recessive and genetically linked to PgABCC2. When produced in cultured insect cells, recombinant wild‐type and rC2 mutant PgABCC2 proteins localized within the cell plasma membrane, although substantial cytoplasmic retention was also observed for the mutant protein, while the mutant PgABCC2 caused a 13.9‐fold decrease in Cry1Ac toxicity versus the wild‐type PgABCC2. CONCLUSIONS: PgABCC2 is a functional receptor of Cry1Ac and the loss of its carboxyl terminus (including its NBD2 domain) confers low‐level resistance to Cry1Ac in both larvae and in cultured cells. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in the journal Clinical & Translational Medicine suggests that analyzing microbial communities could be a useful tool for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of pancreatic tumors. The researchers examined fecal and intratumor microbial samples from patients with pancreatic tumors and healthy volunteers. They discovered that specific bacteria in fecal samples could potentially serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of pancreatic tumors. Furthermore, they observed differences in the microbial composition of pancreatic tissues between malignant and non-malignant tumors. These findings indicate that microbial profiling may offer a promising approach for improving the early detection and treatment of pancreatic tumors. [Extracted from the article]