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The phenomenon of flexoelectricity, wherein mechanical deformation induces alterations in the electron configuration of metal oxides, has emerged as a promising avenue for regulating electron transport. Leveraging this mechanism, stress sensing can be optimized through precise modulation of electron transport. In this study, the electron transport in 2D ultra‐smooth In2O3 crystals is modulated via flexoelectricity. By subjecting cubic In2O3 (c‐In2O3) crystals to significant strain gradients using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, the crystal symmetry is broken, resulting in the separation of positive and negative charge centers. Upon applying nano‐scale stress up to 100 nN, the output voltage and power values reach their maximum, e.g. 2.2 mV and 0.2 pW, respectively. The flexoelectric coefficient and flexocoupling coefficient of c‐In2O3 are determined as ≈0.49 nC m−1 and 0.4 V, respectively. More importantly, the sensitivity of the nano‐stress sensor upon c‐In2O3 flexoelectric effect reaches 20 nN, which is four to six orders smaller than that fabricated with other low dimensional materials based on the piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric effect. Such a deformation‐induced polarization modulates the band structure of c‐In2O3, significantly reducing the Schottky barrier height (SBH), thereby regulating its electron transport. This finding highlights the potential of flexoelectricity in enabling high‐performance nano‐stress sensing through precise control of electron transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to establish a mouse model of spinal ligament ossification to simulate the chronic spinal cord compression observed in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The study also aimed to examine the mice's neurobiological, radiological, and pathological changes. Methods: In the previous study, a genetically modified mouse strain was created using Crispr‐Cas9 technology, namely, Enpp1flox/flox/EIIa‐Cre (C57/B6 background), to establish the OPLL model. Wild‐type (WT) mice without compression were used as controls. Functional deficits were evaluated through motor score assessment, inclined plate testing, and gait analysis. The extent of compression was determined using CT imaging. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, luxol fast blue staining, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate levels of apoptosis, inflammation, vascularization, and demyelination in the study. Results: The results demonstrated a gradual deterioration of compression in the Enpp1flox/flox/EIIa‐Cre mice group as they aged. The progression rate was more rapid between 12 and 20 weeks, followed by a gradual stabilization between 20 and 28 weeks. The scores for spinal cord function and strength, assessed using the Basso Mouse Scale and inclined plate test, showed a significant decline. Gait analysis revealed a noticeable reduction in fore and hind stride lengths, stride width, and toe spread. Chronic spinal cord compression resulted in neuronal damage and activated astrocytes and microglia in the gray matter and anterior horn. Progressive posterior cervical compression impeded blood supply, leading to inflammation and Fas‐mediated neuronal apoptosis. The activation of Bcl2 and Caspase 3 was associated with the development of progressive neurological deficits (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study presents a validated model of chronic spinal cord compression, enabling researchers to explore clinically relevant therapeutic approaches for OPLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Activation of the renin‐angiotensin system, as a hallmark of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is the key pathophysiological factor contributing to the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. LIM and senescent cell antigen‐like domains protein 1 (LIMS1) plays an essential role in controlling of cell behaviour through the formation of complexes with other proteins. Here, the function and regulation of LIMS1 in angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced hypertension and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was investigated. Experimental Approach: C57BL/6 mice were treated with Ang II to induce tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) renal tubular‐specific knockout mice or LIMS1 knockdown AAV was used to investigate their effects on Ang II‐induced renal interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, HIF‐1α or LIMS1 was knocked down or overexpressed in HK2 cells after exposure to Ang II. Key Results: Increased expression of tubular LIMS1 was observed in human kidney with hypertensive nephropathy and in murine kidney from Ang II‐induced hypertension model. Tubular‐specific knockdown of LIMS1 ameliorated Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LIMS1 was transcriptionally regulated by HIF‐1α in tubular cells and that tubular HIF‐1α knockout ameliorates LIMS1‐mediated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In addition, LIMS1 promotes Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by interacting with vimentin. Conclusion and Implications: We conclude that HIF‐1α transcriptionally regulated LIMS1 plays a central role in Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis through interacting with vimentin. Our finding represents a new insight into the mechanism of Ang II‐induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis and provides a novel therapeutic target for progression of CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precise perception of the surrounding environment in traffic scenes is an important part of an intelligent transportation system. The event camera could provide complementary information to traditional frame‐based cameras, such as high dynamic range, and high time resolution, in the perception of traffic targets. To improve the precision and reliability of perception as well as facilitate lots of RGB camera‐based studies introduced to event cameras directly, a refined registration method for event‐based cameras and RGB cameras on the basis of pixel‐level region segmentation is proposed, to provide a fusion method at pixel level. A total of eight sequences and a dataset containing 260 typical traffic scenes are contained in the experiment dataset, both selected from DSEC, a traffic event‐based dataset. The registered event image shows a better spatial consistency with RGB images visually. Compared to the baseline, the evaluation indicators, such as the performance of the contrast, the proportion of overlapping pixels, and average registration accuracy have been improved. In the traffic object segmentation task, the average boundary displacement error of our method has decreased and the max decline value has reached 79.665%, compared to the boundary displacement error between ground truth and baseline. These results indicate prospective applications in the perception of intelligent transportation systems combined with event and RGB cameras. The traffic dataset with pixel‐level semantic annotations will be provided soon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been widely reported that obesity adversely impacts reproductive performance of females. However, the effects of maternal obesity on fetal germ cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, by employing a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐based mouse model, it is discovered that maternal obesity disrupts the chromosomal synapsis and homologous recombination during fetal oogenesis. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling reveales the potential molecular network controlling this process. Of note, the global hypermethylation of genomic DNA in fetal oocytes from obese mouse is detected. Importantly, time‐restricted feeding (TRF) of obese mice not only ameliorate the meiotic defects, but also partly restore the epigenetic remodeling in fetal oocytes. In sum, the evidence are provided showing the deficit fetal oogenesis in obese mother, implicating a mechanism underlying the intergenerational effects of environmental insults. TRF may represent a potentially effective approach for mitigating fertility issues in obese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from electrode material modification, architecture design and optimization are important approaches for improving lithium–sulfur battery performance. Herein, an integrated structure with tandem connection is constructed by confining nanosulfur (NS) in conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) reaction chambers, forming an interface of discrete independent nanoreactor units bonded onto carbon nanotubes (noted as CNT/NS@PEDOT). The unique spatial confinement and concentration gradients of sulfur@PEDOT nanoreactors (SP‐NRs) can promote reaction kinetics while facilitating rapid polysulfide transformation and minimizing dissolution and diffusion losses. Meanwhile, overall ultrahigh energy input and output are achieved through tandem connection with carbon nanotubes, isolation with PEDOT coating, and synergistic multiplicative effects among SP‐NRs. As a result, it delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 1246 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and 918 mAh g−1 at 1 C, the low capacity decay rate per lap of 0.011 % is achieved at a current density of 1 C after 1000 cycles. This research emphasizes the innovative structural design to provide a fresh trajectory for the further advancement of high‐performance energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unraveling biodiversity patterns and their driving processes is paramount in ecology and biogeography. However, there remains a limited understanding regarding the underlying mechanisms of community assembly, particularly in alpine streams where significant elevation gradients and habitat heterogeneity exist. We investigated the patterns and drivers of beta diversity, explicitly focusing on taxonomic and functional diversity, in the three parallel rivers region in China. We employed a beta diversity partitioning approach to examine the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity and further deconstructed the diatom community into attached and unattached groups. Our results revealed distinct diversity patterns and drivers for taxonomic and functional beta diversity. Specifically, taxonomic beta diversity was mainly driven by the turnover component affected by spatial processes, whereas functional beta diversity was dominated by the nestedness component affected by environmental processes. Furthermore, our analysis of the division of the whole communities demonstrated that the varying responses of benthic diatoms with different attached abilities to environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, and directional flow were the essential reasons for shaping the biodiversity patterns of species turnover and functional nestedness in the alpine stream. Our findings suggested that partitioning beta diversity and dividing the entire community can more deeply infer underlying community assembly processes, thereby providing valuable insights into understanding biodiversity patterns, drivers, and conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic reconnection, an essential mechanism in plasma physics that changes magnetic topology and energizes charged particles, plays a vital role in the dynamic processes of the Jovian magnetosphere. The traditional Vasyliūnas cycle only considers the effect of magnetic reconnection at the nightside magnetodisk. Recently, magnetic reconnection has been identified at the dayside magnetodisk in Saturn's magnetosphere and can impact dayside auroral processes. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the dayside magnetodisk reconnection can also occur at Jupiter. Using data from the Galileo and Voyager 2 spacecraft, we have identified 18 dayside reconnection events with radial distances in the range of 30–60 Jupiter radii (RJ). We analyzed the particle (electron and ion) flux, energy spectra, and characteristic energy of these dayside events and compared them to the nightside events. The statistical results show that the energy spectra and characteristic energy of electrons/ions in dayside and nightside magnetic reconnection events are comparable. On average, the characteristic energy of ions on the dayside is higher than that on the nightside. Based on the limited data set, we speculate that the occurrence rate of dayside magnetodisk reconnection should be significant. The dayside Jovian magnetodisk reconnection seems to have a comparable effect on providing energetic particles as that at nightside and to be one of the key processes driving dynamics within the Jovian magnetosphere. Plain Language Summary: Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field among the planets in our solar system. Particles in the space around Jupiter are affected by its magnetic field. Changes in the strength and structure of the local magnetic field, known as magnetic reconnection, cause those particles to undergo rapid acceleration leading to their energization. In the past, magnetic reconnection was thought to be difficult to occur on Jupiter's dayside magnetodisk. In contrast, the recent observation of reconnection at Saturn's dayside magnetodisk strongly implied the possibility of a similar process at Jupiter. In this paper, taking advantage of the archived data from the Galileo and Voyager 2 spacecraft, we provide the first evidence that the dayside magnetodisk reconnection can occur at Jupiter and have an important effect on the energization of particles. Key Points: Dayside magnetodisk reconnection events at 30–60 RJ are identified in the Jovian magnetosphere for the first time18 dayside events are analyzed to compare with nightside events regarding particle flux, energy spectra, and characteristic energyMagnetodisk reconnection at the dayside is as effective as that at the nightside in providing energetic particles to the magnetosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LTPO(Low Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide) is a hybrid backplane technology that combines low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide‐based TFT (thin‐film transistor). It is also one breakthrough technology that achieves ultra‐long standby time and stable battery life. This paper mainly discusses the key technical points of LTPO power saving [1][2] from the driver IC technology and screen technology solution, and also introduces the mass production results of Visionox LTPO technology, demonstrating the great potential of LTPO in low power comsumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging technology, virtual coupling improves the efficiency and flexibility of metro services by forming multiple trains (units) as a virtually coupled train set (VCTS) without mechanical couplers. However, to realize the desired VCTS operation in practical metro services, a significant gap to be filled is that the implicit and nonlinear safety constraints are hard to be addressed in real‐time control. Thus, this paper proposes a hierarchical control approach with a two‐layer framework. In the upper layer, a trajectory planning method is designed, which addresses the safety constraints and prescribes a reference trajectory for each unit. In the lower layer, a model predictive control approach is constructed, by which each unit accurately tracks its reference trajectory in real time. Afterward, the proposed hierarchical control approach is employed to realize VCTS inter‐station operation in field tests. The average tracking error of speed is around 8 cm/s and the stopping error is less than 12 cm. The following distance between two units in VCTS is reduced to less than 105 m at the speed of 80 km/h, which is a breakthrough in the development of VCTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues caused by waste polyethylene are becoming increasingly severe. Among potential treatment processes, microwave‐assisted catalytic pyrolysis is promising for converting waste plastics into valuable products owing to its energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Herein, a modified citric acid combustion method was used to prepare a series of metal oxide catalysts with loose porous structures. The prepared Fe‐based catalysts doped with Co, Ni, or Cu were employed in the microwave‐assisted catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene. The bimetallic Co1Fe1Ox catalyst exhibited the best performance, yielding hydrogen at a rate of 60.7 mmol/gplastic. Further variation in the Co : Fe ratio revealed that the Co1Fe9Ox catalyst achieved the highest hydrogen production efficiency (63.64 mmol/gplastic). Similar oil‐phase products were obtained over the various catalysts, as revealed by infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified carbon nanotubes as the major solid product of pyrolysis, which were attached to the catalyst surface. Finally, a combination of thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicated that the reduction in catalytic activity following recycling was caused by the accumulation of carbonaceous products on the catalyst surface. Overall, Co1Fe9Ox catalysts were favorable for obtaining H2 and carbon nanotubes by the microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of polyethylene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spatial changes of amine metabolites and histopathology of the whole brain help to reveal the mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and treatment. Methods: A newly developed liquid microjunction surface sampling–tandem mass tag–ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique is applied to profile brain amine metabolites in five brain regions after impact‐induced TBI at the subacute stage. H&E, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining are performed to spatially correlate microscopical changes to metabolic alterations. Then, bioinformatics, molecular docking, ELISA, western blot, and immunofluorescence are integrated to uncover the mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) against TBI. Results: Besides the hippocampus and cortex, the thalamus, caudate‐putamen, and fiber tracts also show differentiated metabolic changes between the Sham and TBI groups. Fourteen amine metabolites (including isomers such as L‐leucine and L‐isoleucine) are significantly altered in specific regions. The metabolic changes are well matched with the degree of neuronal damage, glia activation, and neurorestoration. XFZYD reverses the dysregulation of several amine metabolites, such as hippocampal Lys‐Phe/Phe‐Lys and dopamine. Also, XFZYD enhances post‐TBI angiogenesis in the hippocampus and the thalamus. Conclusion: This study reveals the local amine‐metabolite and histological changes in the subacute stage of TBI. XFZYD may promote TBI recovery by normalizing amine metabolites and spatially promoting dopamine production and angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disc degeneration is associated with repetitive violent injuries. This study aims to explore the impact of repetitive strikes loading on the biology and biomechanics of intervertebral discs (IVDs) using an organ culture model. Methods: IVDs from the bovine tail were isolated and cultured in a bioreactor, with exposure to various loading conditions. The control group was subjected to physiological loading, while the model group was exposed to either one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height) or repetitive one strike loading (compression at 38% of IVD height). Disc height and dynamic compressive stiffness were measured after overnight swelling and loading. Furthermore, histological morphology, cell viability, and gene expression were analyzed on Day 32. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and nitric oxide (NO) release in conditioned medium were also analyzed. Results: The repetitive one strike group exhibited early disc degeneration, characterized by decreased dynamic compression stiffness, the presence of annulus fibrosus clefts, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, this group demonstrated significantly higher levels of cell death (p < 0.05) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Furthermore, upregulation of MMP1, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 was observed in both nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues of the repetitive one strike group (p < 0.05). The one strike group exhibited annulus fibrosus clefts but showed no gene expression changes compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study shows that repetitive violent injuries lead to the degeneration of a healthy bovine IVDs, thereby providing new insights into early‐stage disc degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case of polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with rice body formation in a 4-year-old female patient. The patient presented with painless swelling in the right ankle and left knee, along with limited movement and localized elevated skin temperature. Laboratory tests revealed abnormal levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Imaging showed extensive abnormal nodular signals in the joints, which were diagnosed as rice body synovitis. The patient was treated with anti-inflammatory medication and showed significant improvement in swelling. Rice body formation is a rare inflammatory disorder associated with systemic disease, and it is suggested to be caused by synovial microinfarcts or fibrin aggregation in the joint cavity. This is the first reported case of polyarticular JIA with rice bodies, and the prognosis is generally good with appropriate treatment. The article concludes that surgery combined with medication is the best treatment approach for this condition. [Extracted from the article]

Few rare‐earth (RE) atoms incorporated in lattice greatly tunned the optical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic performance of doped crystal through the peculiar atomic electron structure of RE. The dimensionality scale‐down of RE oxides can further promote their unique traits and broaden their applications. The UV photodetection performance of (111) oriented CeO2 thin film is limited by the existence of grain boundaries, defects, and strains. Consequently, single‐crystal 2D CeO2 is promising for photodetection as it lacks of grain boundaries and defects. However, the synthesis of large‐sized high‐quality 2D CeO2 with lateral dimensions over 100 µm is challenging. In this work, a 3.9 nm thick CeO2 single crystal with 120 µm lateral size is synthesized over a sapphire substrate through a salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition method, in which an intermediate insulating CeAlO3 layer is formed between the substrate and 2D CeO2 to enhance the crystal lattice matching and therefore facilitates the large area growth. The photodetector based on 2D CeO2 exhibits a photo response from 395 to 532 nm, possibly ascribed to a micro‐strain narrowed bandgap induced at the heterointerface. The photoresponsivity reaches 43.6 A W−1 while the detectivity reaches 7.58 × 1011 Jones under the 395 nm laser irradiation. Besides, the sub‐ms switching kinetics is achieved without gating bias, which is significantly improved over other reported RE oxides‐based photodetectors. This work demonstrates the possibility of the synthesis of large‐size high‐quality 2D RE oxides and their strong potential in high‐performance optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are rich in valuable biomolecule information which are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers for various diseases. uEV long RNAs are among the critical cargos capable of providing unique transcriptome information of the source cells. However, consensus regarding ideal reference genes for relative long RNAs quantification in uEVs is not available as of date. Here we explored stable reference genes through profiling the long RNA expression by RNA‐seq following unsupervised analysis and validation studies. Candidate reference genes were identified using four algorithms: NormFinder, GeNorm, BestKeeper and the Delta Ct method, followed by validation. RNA profile showed uEVs contained abundant long RNAs information and the core transcriptome was related to cellular structures, especially ribosome which functions mainly as translation, protein and RNA binding molecules. Analysis of RNA‐seq data identified RPL18A, RPL11, RPL27, RACK1, RPSA, RPL41, H1‐2, RPL4, GAPDH, RPS27A as candidate reference genes. RT‐qPCR validation revealed that RPL41, RPSA and RPL18A were reliable reference genes for long RNA quantification in uEVs from patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and prostate cancer (PCA). Interestingly, RPL41 also outperformed traditional reference genes in renal tissues of DN and IgAN, as well as in plasma EVs of several types of cancers. The stable reference genes identified in this study may facilitate development of uEVs as novel biomarkers and increase the accuracy and comparability of biomarker studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Touch scheme of the flexible OLED panel is On‐cell structure, and the Touch electrode layer is prepared on the panel TFE (Thin File Encapsulation) layer. The electrode and the display cathode below TFE will form a parasitic capacitor, which becomes the circuit load, The size of the parasitic capacitance directly affects the driving effect of the touch chip on the touch electrode, affecting the performance of the touch screen； TFE thickness is a key film layer affecting the size of parasitic capacitance, and its thickness design affects the production process and manufacturing cost, so the thickness cannot be increased without limit to reduce parasitic capacitance. Therefore, in order to more accurately determine the project TFE design thickness, it is necessary to study the relationship between TFE thickness and chip drive capability, so as to reduce process risk and product cost. improving touch performance; Based on the existing normal‐scale group structure and touch Sensor design, this paper simulated the parasitic capacitance under different TFE thickness states, obtained the influence curve of TFE thickness and parasitic capacitance, and provided a trend reference for evaluating TFE thickness and parasitic capacitance on a project. At the same time, based on the total parasitic capacitance of the touch drive electrode of different sizes, the requirements of the drive capability of the touch chip are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve the perfect effect of the full AMOLED display, the research on the brightness compensation technology of UDC(Under‐Display Camera) panel is proposed. Linear interpolation is performed through attenuation at different temperatures to obtain temperature gain compensation values, which compensate for attenuation problems of the UDC area at different temperatures. Nonlinear regression model is established and predicted through attenuation at different DBV(Display Brightness Value) to obtain DBV gain compensation values, which compensate for attenuation problems of the UDC area at different DBV. Data statistics and algorithm compensation are performed by DDIC(Display Driver Integrated Circuit) to optimize and solve the color deviation of UDC panel, and the ultimate effect of the full screen is achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method is proposed to adjust brightness by frame to Improve the Flicker in low frame rate, especially at low display brightness for AMLOED panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wide application of portable electronic devices, zinc–ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHCs) have aroused great interest. However, balancing the low‐temperature performance and high energy density of ZIHCs remains a huge challenge. Herein, a zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte (ZHE) loaded with carboxymethylcellulose and MXene is designed for ZIHCs, which shows excellent frost resistance and high output voltage. Carboxymethylcellulose and MXene enhance the flexibility and conductivity of the zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte. Moreover, When ZnCl2 is introduced into a gel electrolyte, it induces an increase in the rate of ion transport, which enables a broadening of the operating temperature of the hydrogel (−40 °C–25 °C). As a result, Zn//AC ZIHCs based on ZHE show a high voltage window of 2 V, a high energy density (specific capacity) of 137 Wh kg−1 (247 F g−1), and the potential for wearable devices. This study will provide an effective strategy for the design of hydrogel ZIHCs with wide voltage windows, high energy density, and high practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]