1,831 results
Search Results
2. Incidental findings of gallbladder and bile ducts – Management strategies: Normal findings, anomalies, 'silent gallstones' and bile duct dilatation - A World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) position paper
- Author
-
Christian Jenssen, Christian P. Nolsøe, Torben Lorentzen, Jae Young Lee, Nitin Chaubal, Kathleen Möller, Caroline Ewertsen, Xin Wu Cui, Edda Leonor Chaves, Alina Popescu, Yi Dong, and Christoph F. Dietrich
- Subjects
Incidental findings ,Bile duct ,Gall bladder ,Cancer ,Anomalies ,Gallstones ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
The World Federation of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (WFUMB) has started a series of position papers highlighting the role of ultrasound techniques for diagnosis, risk assessment and follow-up of incidental imaging findings. Gallbladder and biliary tree are among the most frequent anatomical localizations of incidental findings. A first part of the position paper on incidental findings of gallbladder and bile ducts was related to gallbladder polyps and other incidental findings of the gallbladder wall. Based on a description of normal findings, this second part addresses congenital anomalies and variations of the gallbladder and the biliary tree, asymptomatic bile duct dilatation and “silent” gallstones. Based on evidence on prevalence and outcome and with a special focus on ultrasound techniques, the position paper makes recommendations regarding diagnostic work-up, follow-up and treatment of these incidental findings.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Engineering the Signal Resolution of a Paper-Based Cell-Free Glutamine Biosensor with Genetic Engineering, Metabolic Engineering, and Process Optimization
- Author
-
Tyler J. Free, Joseph P. Talley, Chad D. Hyer, Catherine J. Miller, Joel S. Griffitts, and Bradley C. Bundy
- Subjects
biosensor ,glutamine ,cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) ,cancer ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Specialized cancer treatments have the potential to exploit glutamine dependence to increase patient survival rates. Glutamine diagnostics capable of tracking a patient’s response to treatment would enable a personalized treatment dosage to optimize the tradeoff between treatment success and dangerous side effects. Current clinical glutamine testing requires sophisticated and expensive lab-based tests, which are not broadly available on a frequent, individualized basis. To address the need for a low-cost, portable glutamine diagnostic, this work engineers a cell-free glutamine biosensor to overcome assay background and signal-to-noise limitations evident in previously reported studies. The findings from this work culminate in the development of a shelf-stable, paper-based, colorimetric glutamine test with a high signal strength and a high signal-to-background ratio for dramatically improved signal resolution. While the engineered glutamine test is important progress towards improving the management of cancer and other health conditions, this work also expands the assay development field of the promising cell-free biosensing platform, which can facilitate the low-cost detection of a broad variety of target molecules with high clinical value.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Engineering the Signal Resolution of a Paper-Based Cell-Free Glutamine Biosensor with Genetic Engineering, Metabolic Engineering, and Process Optimization.
- Author
-
Free, Tyler J., Talley, Joseph P., Hyer, Chad D., Miller, Catherine J., Griffitts, Joel S., and Bundy, Bradley C.
- Subjects
- *
GLUTAMINE , *PROCESS optimization , *BIOSENSORS , *OVERALL survival , *SURVIVAL rate , *ENGINEERS , *GENETIC engineering - Abstract
Specialized cancer treatments have the potential to exploit glutamine dependence to increase patient survival rates. Glutamine diagnostics capable of tracking a patient's response to treatment would enable a personalized treatment dosage to optimize the tradeoff between treatment success and dangerous side effects. Current clinical glutamine testing requires sophisticated and expensive lab-based tests, which are not broadly available on a frequent, individualized basis. To address the need for a low-cost, portable glutamine diagnostic, this work engineers a cell-free glutamine biosensor to overcome assay background and signal-to-noise limitations evident in previously reported studies. The findings from this work culminate in the development of a shelf-stable, paper-based, colorimetric glutamine test with a high signal strength and a high signal-to-background ratio for dramatically improved signal resolution. While the engineered glutamine test is important progress towards improving the management of cancer and other health conditions, this work also expands the assay development field of the promising cell-free biosensing platform, which can facilitate the low-cost detection of a broad variety of target molecules with high clinical value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. 'I have tried to step away from regrets. It has made dying easier'. When Simon Boas, 46, wrote to his local paper about his terminal cancer, his positive outlook struck a chord with readers. Now word has spread and his cheerful stoicism is touching people across the UK. Louise Carpenter reports
- Subjects
British Broadcasting Corp. ,Television broadcasting industry ,Cancer ,General interest - Abstract
Byline: Louise Carpenter A letter called 'A Beginner's Guide to Dying' by a 46-year-old Jersey-based man with terminal cancer has been dropping into inboxes all over Britain in the past [...]
- Published
- 2024
6. Digital Life Stories of People With Cancer: Impacts on Research.
- Author
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Rossi, Silvia, Claudot, Frédérique, Lambert, Aurélien, and Kivits, Joelle
- Subjects
CANCER patients ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,CANCER research ,ELECTRONIC paper ,DIGITAL technology - Abstract
This article examines the influence that digital life stories (DLS) can have on cancer research, using the PARCA1 project as an example. After describing the theoretical framework of DLS, we present the PARCA1 project. The PARCA1 project was anchored in the French context (Grand Est region) and aimed at producing knowledge on patients' experience of the cancer pathway through DLS. It involved 10 patients chosen to favor heterogeneity in profiles and experiences of illness. The paper describes the digital tool and the life stories methodology used to accompany the DLS. Next, it presents the methods and strategies used by participants to complete their DLS and the relationship between people with cancer and the accompanying researcher. Following this, we present (1) the impact of DLS on people with cancer, i.e., their progressive engagement in research, and (2) the impact on research, i.e., the methodological impact of people with cancer on research. In the discussion and conclusion, we explore how DLS can impact individuals who engage in them and their role in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Of Phylogenies and Tumors: Cancer as a Model System to Teach Evolution
- Author
-
Caryn Babaian and Sudhir Kumar
- Abstract
When students think of evolution, they might imagine T. rex, or perhaps an abiotic scene of sizzling electrical storms and harsh reducing atmospheres, an Earth that looks like a lunar landscape. Natural selection automatically elicits responses that include "survival of the fittest," and "descent with modification," and with these historical biological catch phrases, one conjures up images of large animals battling it out on the Mesozoic plane. Rarely do teachers or students apply these same ideas to cancer and the evolution of somatic cells, which have accrued mutations and epigenetic imprinting and relentlessly survive and proliferate. Our questions in this paper include the following: Can cancer become an important teaching model for students to explore fundamental hypotheses about evolutionary process? Can the multi-step somatic cancer model encourage visualizations that enable students to revisit and reenter previous primary concepts in general biology such as the cell, mitosis, chromosomes, genetic diversity, ecological diversity, immune function, and of course evolution, continually integrating their biology knowledge into process and pattern knowledge? Can the somatic cancer model expose similar patterns and protagonists, linking Darwinian observations of the natural world to our body? And, can the cancer clone model excite critical thinking and student hypotheses about what cancer is as a biological process? Does this visually simple model assist students in recognizing patterns, connecting their biological curriculum dots into a more coherent learning experience? These biological dynamics and intercepting aptitudes of cells are amplified through the cancer model and can help shape the way biology students begin to appreciate the interrelatedness of all biological systems while they continue to explore pivotal points of biological fuzziness, such as the microbiome, limitations of models, and the complex coordination of genomic networks required for the function of even a single cell and the realization of phenotypes. In this paper we use clonal evolution of cancer as a model experience for students to recreate how a single, non-germline cell appears to shadow the classic pattern of natural selection in body cells that have gone awry. With authentic STEAM activities students can easily crossover and revisit previous biological topics and the ubiquitous nature of natural selection as seen in the example of somatic cells that result in a metastasizing tumor, giving students insight into natural selection's accommodating and tractable patterns throughout the planet.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Data from Duksung Women's University Provide New Insights into Colon Cancer (Determination of Hplc-esi-ms/ms Based Phospholipids and Sphingolipids On Dried Plasma Filter Paper With Human Colorectal Cancer).
- Subjects
COLON cancer ,COLORECTAL cancer ,FILTER paper ,SPHINGOLIPIDS ,PHOSPHOLIPIDS - Abstract
The article discusses a study by Duksung Women's University that developed a novel HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method to analyze phospholipids and sphingolipids in plasma samples from colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals. Topics discussed include the differentiation of lipid metabolite concentrations between cancer and healthy subjects, the use of statistical models like PLS-DA and random forest classification, and the potential of identified lipids as biomarkers for colorectal cancer.
- Published
- 2024
9. Report Summarizes Breast Cancer Study Findings from Yazd University (Flexible Electrochemical Paper-based Device for Detection of Breast Cancer-derived Exosome Using Nickel Nanofoam 3d Nanocomposite).
- Abstract
A study conducted at Yazd University in Iran has developed a new method for detecting breast cancer-derived exosomes using a flexible electrochemical paper-based device. Exosomes are biomarkers that are released by tumor cells and can be found in various biological fluids. The device, called Exo-sensing paper, is a three-electrode system that utilizes a nanocomposite of nickel nanofoam, graphene oxide, and gold nanoparticles to increase antibody loading on the sensor surface. The device has a wide linear range of detection and shows potential for use as a point-of-care testing tool for minimally invasive liquid biopsy. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
10. Lunit Achieves Historic Milestone: 100 Peer-Reviewed Papers Published on Its AI Medical Imaging Suite.
- Abstract
Lunit, a provider of AI-powered solutions for cancer diagnostics, has achieved a significant milestone by publishing 100 peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals featuring its Lunit INSIGHT suite. These papers, which focus on lung abnormalities and breast cancer, have been published in prestigious journals such as The Lancet Digital Health, JAMA Oncology, and Radiology. The research demonstrates the safety, effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability of Lunit INSIGHT products, and highlights the potential of AI to replace traditional methods of medical image analysis. Lunit's achievement reflects its commitment to advancing AI applications in medical settings and improving patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
11. New Breast Cancer Study Findings Recently Were Reported by Researchers at University of Naples Federico II (Paper-based Screen-printed Electrode To Detect Mirna-652 Associated To Triple-negative Breast Cancer).
- Abstract
Researchers at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy have developed a paper-based electrochemical device that can detect a specific microRNA, miRNA-652, associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is a particularly aggressive and difficult-to-diagnose form of breast cancer, and current diagnostic methods are invasive and expensive. The device, which is customizable and selective in its recognition of miRNA-652, has shown promising results in detecting the microRNA in standard solutions and human serum. This development represents a significant step towards a non-invasive and TNBC-specific diagnostic platform that could improve patient prognosis and quality of life. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
12. Biographical Renewal and its Facilitators in Cancer Survivorship: A Conceptual Paper.
- Author
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Jadhav, Bhoomika N. and Azeez, E. P. Abdul
- Subjects
MEDICAL protocols ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,CANCER patient medical care ,PRESUMPTIONS (Law) ,CANCER patients ,CAREGIVERS ,QUALITY of life ,HEALTH promotion ,SELF-perception - Abstract
Experiencing cancer impinges life in several ways. Research on the biographical implications of cancer has focused on its disruptive nature. Biographical renewal is not given full attention despite existing literature on positive transformations after cancer. This conceptual paper presents an account of biographical renewal in the milieu of cancer survivorship. Further, we discussed some crucial facilitators that promote the biographical renewal. Caregivers may consider biographical renewal as a substantially new goal in the survivorship care plan to improve patients' quality of life. The discussion is designed to foster an understanding of biographical renewal for the psychosocial practice by professionals with cancer patients, survivors, and their caregivers – formal and informal, to provide comprehensive care during cancer survivorship. Implications for palliative care are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Chaudhary Charan Singh University Researchers Describe Findings in Ovarian Cancer (Paper based molecularly imprinted SERS substrate for early detection of lysophosphatidic acid in ovarian cancer).
- Abstract
Researchers from Chaudhary Charan Singh University in India have developed a paper-based analytical device for the early detection of ovarian cancer. The device uses silver nanoparticles coated on paper to detect lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a biomarker for ovarian cancer, through surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The study found that patients with ovarian cancer had higher levels of LPA compared to those with benign ovarian tumors or healthy individuals. The researchers believe that this point-of-care device could be a simple, effective, and cost-effective tool for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
14. New Breast Cancer Data Have Been Reported by Researchers at Ajman University (Paper Enhancing Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy Through Silica Nanoparticle-mediated Delivery of Temoporfin for Targeted In Vitro Breast Cancer Treatment).
- Abstract
Researchers at Ajman University in the United Arab Emirates have conducted a study on enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for breast cancer treatment. The study focuses on the use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to encapsulate a photosensitizer called Temoporfin, which aims to improve its delivery and reduce toxicity. The researchers found that encapsulated Temoporfin demonstrated greater effectiveness in eliminating cancer cells compared to its naked form. This research highlights the potential of SiNPs as an efficient drug delivery system in PDT and sets the groundwork for more advanced strategies in cancer treatment. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
15. Findings from China Pharmaceutical University Reveals New Findings on Cancer (Nanozyme-inhibited Sers Multichannel Paper-based Sensor Array for the Quantification and Identification of Biothiols and Cancer Cells Based On Three Ag-based...).
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,FISHER discriminant analysis ,SERS spectroscopy ,SENSOR arrays ,ANALYTICAL chemistry - Abstract
Researchers from China Pharmaceutical University have developed a new sensor array for the quantification and identification of biothiols and cancer cells. The sensor array utilizes three different Ag-based nanomaterials loaded onto filter paper to create three sensing channels. These channels generate specific fingerprint patterns for each biothiol, allowing for precise identification and quantification. The sensor array has potential applications in disease diagnosis, including the differentiation of normal and cancer cells and the identification of different types of tumor cells. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
16. Findings from IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute Provides New Data on Angiosarcomas (Clinical Recommendations for Treatment of Localized Angiosarcoma: a Consensus Paper By the Italian Sarcoma Group).
- Subjects
SARCOMA ,ANGIOSARCOMA ,CANCER chemotherapy ,MEDICAL societies ,CANCER treatment ,REPORTERS & reporting - Abstract
A consensus paper by the Italian Sarcoma Group provides clinical recommendations for the treatment of localized angiosarcoma, a rare and aggressive vascular sarcoma. The paper highlights the unique challenges in managing angiosarcoma compared to other sarcomas and emphasizes the need for dedicated clinical recommendations. The Italian Sarcoma Group organized a consensus meeting to develop these recommendations, aiming to standardize and harmonize clinical practices for the optimal approach to localized angiosarcoma. The research concludes that further investigation through clinical trials is necessary to address uncertainties in the management of the disease. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
17. Third Military Medical University - Army Medical University Researchers Update Knowledge of Biosensors (Multiarmed DNA jumper and metal-organic frameworks-functionalized paper-based bioplatform for small extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs...).
- Subjects
MEDICAL research personnel ,BIOSENSORS ,MICRORNA ,DNA ,METAL-organic frameworks ,MOLECULAR hybridization - Abstract
Researchers from Third Military Medical University - Army Medical University have developed a novel biosensor for the detection of small extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs (sEV-miRNAs), which are promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. The biosensor utilizes a molecular probe based on multiarmed DNA tetrahedral jumpers (mDNA-Js) and a disposable paper-based electrode modified with a Zr-MOF-rGO-Au NP nanocomplex. The bioplatform achieved sensitive detection of sEV-miR-21 with a detection limit of 34.6 aM and a dynamic range from 100 aM to 0.2 M. The biosensor shows potential for fast, easy, low-cost, and highly sensitive detection of various nucleic acids, making it suitable for point-of-care biosensing. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
18. Evaluation of a Patient 'Nudge' on Engagement in Lung Cancer Screening.
- Subjects
LUNG cancer ,EARLY detection of cancer ,MEDICAL screening ,ELECTRONIC paper ,BUSINESS partnerships ,ONCOLOGY nursing ,NICOTINE replacement therapy - Abstract
A clinical trial, NCT06474611, has been launched to evaluate the impact of sending electronic reminder messages to patients who qualify for lung cancer screening. The trial aims to determine if these reminders increase engagement in screening among eligible patients who have not previously been screened and have an upcoming appointment with their doctor. The trial is being conducted by Kaiser Permanente and is part of their efforts to expand lung cancer screening participation. The primary objective of the trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-arm electronic message outreach intervention. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
19. Recent Findings from University of Napoli Highlight Research in Cancer (Paper-based electrochemical device for early detection of integrin avb6 expressing tumors).
- Subjects
ELECTROCHEMICAL apparatus ,INTEGRINS ,CANCER research ,IMMUNOLOGIC receptors ,MEMBRANE proteins - Abstract
Researchers at the University of Napoli have developed a paper-based electrochemical device for the early detection of integrin avb6 expressing tumors. Current technologies for tumor detection have limitations such as invasiveness, toxicity, inaccuracy, lengthy testing duration, and high cost. The biosensor developed in this study was able to recognize avb6-containing Small Extracellular Vesicles (S-EVs) derived from cancer cell lines, with a limit of detection of 0.7103 S-EVs/mL and a linear range up to 105 S-EVs/mL. This innovative diagnostic technique may provide a novel opportunity for the detection of avb6 expressing cancers. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. Biomarkers for personalised prevention of chronic diseases: a common protocol for three rapid scoping reviews.
- Author
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Plans-Beriso, E, Babb-de-Villiers, C, Petrova, D, Barahona-López, C, Diez-Echave, P, Hernández, O R, Fernández-Martínez, N F, Turner, H, García-Ovejero, E, Craciun, O, Fernández-Navarro, P, Fernández-Larrea, N, García-Esquinas, E, Kuhn, I, Jiménez-Planet, V, Moreno, V, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Sánchez, M J, Pollan-Santamaria, M, and Blackburn, L
- Subjects
PREVENTIVE medicine ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases ,BIOMARKERS ,CHRONIC diseases ,DISEASE relapse ,NEURODEGENERATION - Abstract
Introduction: Personalised prevention aims to delay or avoid disease occurrence, progression, and recurrence of disease through the adoption of targeted interventions that consider the individual biological, including genetic data, environmental and behavioural characteristics, as well as the socio-cultural context. This protocol summarises the main features of a rapid scoping review to show the research landscape on biomarkers or a combination of biomarkers that may help to better identify subgroups of individuals with different risks of developing specific diseases in which specific preventive strategies could have an impact on clinical outcomes. This review is part of the "Personalised Prevention Roadmap for the future HEalThcare" (PROPHET) project, which seeks to highlight the gaps in current personalised preventive approaches, in order to develop a Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for the European Union. Objective: To systematically map and review the evidence of biomarkers that are available or under development in cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases that are or can be used for personalised prevention in the general population, in clinical or public health settings. Methods: Three rapid scoping reviews are being conducted in parallel (February–June 2023), based on a common framework with some adjustments to suit each specific condition (cancer, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases). Medline and Embase will be searched to identify publications between 2020 and 2023. To shorten the time frames, 10% of the papers will undergo screening by two reviewers and only English-language papers will be considered. The following information will be extracted by two reviewers from all the publications selected for inclusion: source type, citation details, country, inclusion/exclusion criteria (population, concept, context, type of evidence source), study methods, and key findings relevant to the review question/s. The selection criteria and the extraction sheet will be pre-tested. Relevant biomarkers for risk prediction and stratification will be recorded. Results will be presented graphically using an evidence map. Inclusion criteria: Population: general adult populations or adults from specific pre-defined high-risk subgroups; concept: all studies focusing on molecular, cellular, physiological, or imaging biomarkers used for individualised primary or secondary prevention of the diseases of interest; context: clinical or public health settings. Systematic review registration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7JRWD (OSF registration DOI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. HanxBio announces the publication of a research paper in Scientific Reports on preclinical evaluation of Narazaciclib for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia AML.
- Subjects
ACUTE myeloid leukemia ,TECHNICAL reports ,MYELOID leukemia ,INVESTIGATIONAL drugs ,BUSINESS partnerships - Abstract
HanxBio has published a research paper titled "Narazaciclib, a novel multikinase inhibitor with potent activity against CSF1R, FLT3 and CDK6, shows strong anti-AML activity in defined preclinical models" in the journal Scientific Reports. The paper describes the preclinical evaluation of Narazaciclib (HX301) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The researchers conducted comprehensive pharmacology characterization of HX301 using various preclinical experimental AML models, demonstrating its strong anti-leukemia activity and potential mechanisms of action. The study also investigated the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of HX301, providing valuable information for clinical dosage selection. The results of this study will guide the clinical development strategies for HX301 in the treatment of AML. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
22. A miRNA-disease association prediction model based on tree-path global feature extraction and fully connected artificial neural network with multi-head self-attention mechanism.
- Author
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Biyu, Hou, Mengshan, Li, Yuxin, Hou, Ming, Zeng, Nan, Wang, and Lixin, Guan
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,FEATURE extraction ,PREDICTION models ,DATA mining ,ASSOCIATION rule mining - Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerge in various organisms, ranging from viruses to humans, and play crucial regulatory roles within cells, participating in a variety of biological processes. In numerous prediction methods for miRNA-disease associations, the issue of over-dependence on both similarity measurement data and the association matrix still hasn't been improved. In this paper, a miRNA-Disease association prediction model (called TP-MDA) based on tree path global feature extraction and fully connected artificial neural network (FANN) with multi-head self-attention mechanism is proposed. The TP-MDA model utilizes an association tree structure to represent the data relationships, multi-head self-attention mechanism for extracting feature vectors, and fully connected artificial neural network with 5-fold cross-validation for model training. Results: The experimental results indicate that the TP-MDA model outperforms the other comparative models, AUC is 0.9714. In the case studies of miRNAs associated with colorectal cancer and lung cancer, among the top 15 miRNAs predicted by the model, 12 in colorectal cancer and 15 in lung cancer were validated respectively, the accuracy is as high as 0.9227. Conclusions: The model proposed in this paper can accurately predict the miRNA-disease association, and can serve as a valuable reference for data mining and association prediction in the fields of life sciences, biology, and disease genetics, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Data on Cervical Cancer Published by Researchers at NOVA Southeastern University (Cervical Cancer Stigma Among Caribbean Population: A Descriptive Paper).
- Subjects
CERVICAL cancer ,RESEARCH personnel ,SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
A study conducted by researchers at NOVA Southeastern University explores the stigma surrounding cervical cancer in the Caribbean. The study aimed to describe the cervical cancer stigma and evaluate the influence of prevention practices among the non-patient population in Jamaica, Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago. The research found that cultural background and social norms are closely linked to the stigma of cervical cancer in these countries. The study highlights the need for increased cervical cancer prevention practices in the Caribbean. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
24. Physical function patient‐reported outcomes among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A systematic review.
- Author
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Tanner, Sarah, Engstrom, Teyl, Forbes, Cheryl, Patel, Dhaval, Lee, Wen Ray, Walker, Rick, Bradford, Natalie, and Pole, Jason D.
- Subjects
PHYSICAL mobility ,YOUNG adults ,CANCER survivors ,PATIENT reported outcome measures ,CANCER patients - Abstract
Background: The physical challenges faced by adolescents and young adults (AYA) after a cancer diagnosis may be different from those experienced by paediatric and older adult cancer patients. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are valuable tools that can be useful in exploring the experiences of AYAs and identifying important issues, recurrent themes and areas to potentially improve quality of life. Objective: We compared patient‐reported physical function outcomes between AYAs diagnosed with cancer and non‐cancer controls. Method: This paper builds on a scoping review published in early 2023 and focuses on PROMs related to physical function. Results: This systematic review includes 16 studies that measured and reported on physical function PROMs in AYA cancer survivors compared with their cancer‐free peers. Of these studies, 14 found that physical function in AYA survivors was significantly worse. This paper also includes a meta‐analysis conducted on 5 studies using the EORTC‐QLQ‐C30 to measure physical function, which found that physical function score was an average of 7.03 (95% CI: −10.21, −3.86) points lower in the AYA cancer group, compared to their cancer free‐peers, a difference that is clinically meaningful. Conclusions: The results overwhelmingly demonstrate that AYAs post a cancer diagnosis have worse health‐related quality of life from a physical function perspective than their cancer‐free peers, providing a compelling argument for the need to address this issue. All but one of the studies were cross‐sectional, which highlights the need for further assessment of this group longitudinally throughout their cancer journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Voltage-gated sodium channels in cancers.
- Author
-
Liu, Hengrui, Weng, Jieling, Huang, Christopher L.-H., and Jackson, Antony P.
- Subjects
SODIUM channels ,BREAST ,ACTION potentials ,REGULATOR genes ,DATABASES ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) initiate action potentials in electrically excitable cells and tissues. Surprisingly, some VGSC genes are aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers, derived from "non-excitable" tissues that do not generate classic action potentials, showing potential as a promising pharmacological target for cancer. Most of the previous review articles on this topic are limited in scope, and largely unable to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the role of VGSC in cancers. Here, we review the expression patterns of all nine VGSC α-subunit genes (SCN1A-11A) and their four regulatory β-subunit genes (SCN1B-4B). We reviewed data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, complemented by an extensive search of the published papers. We summarized and reviewed previous independent studies and analyzed the VGSC genes in the TCGA database regarding the potential impact of VGSC on cancers. A comparison between evidence gathered from independent studies and data review was performed to scrutinize potential biases in prior research and provide insights into future research directions. The review supports the view that VGSCs play an important role in diagnostics as well as therapeutics of some cancer types, such as breast, colon, prostate, and lung cancer. This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge on voltage-gated sodium channels in cancer, as well as potential avenues for further research. While further research is required to fully understand the role of VGSCs in cancer, the potential of VGSCs for clinical diagnosis and treatment is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Of Phylogenies and Tumors: Cancer as a Model System to Teach Evolution.
- Author
-
Babaian, Caryn and Kumar, Sudhir
- Subjects
BIOLOGICAL systems ,NATURAL selection ,PATTERN perception ,CYTOLOGY ,THUNDERSTORMS ,SYSTEMS biology - Abstract
When students think of evolution, they might imagine T. rex, or perhaps an abiotic scene of sizzling electrical storms and harsh reducing atmospheres, an Earth that looks like a lunar landscape. Natural selection automatically elicits responses that include "survival of the fittest," and "descent with modification," and with these historical biological catch phrases, one conjures up images of large animals battling it out on the Mesozoic plane. Rarely do teachers or students apply these same ideas to cancer and the evolution of somatic cells, which have accrued mutations and epigenetic imprinting and relentlessly survive and proliferate. Our questions in this paper include the following: Can cancer become an important teaching model for students to explore fundamental hypotheses about evolutionary process? Can the multi- step somatic cancer model encourage visualizations that enable students to revisit and reenter previous primary concepts in general biology such as the cell, mitosis, chromosomes, genetic diversity, ecological diversity, immune function, and of course evolution, continually integrating their biology knowledge into process and pattern knowledge? Can the somatic cancer model expose similar patterns and protagonists, linking Darwinian observations of the natural world to our body? And, can the cancer clone model excite critical thinking and student hypotheses about what cancer is as a biological process? Does this visually simple model assist students in recognizing patterns, connecting their biological curriculum dots into a more coherent learning experience? These biological dynamics and intercepting aptitudes of cells are amplified through the cancer model and can help shape the way biology students begin to appreciate the interrelatedness of all biological systems while they continue to explore pivotal points of biological fuzziness, such as the microbiome, limitations of models, and the complex coordination of genomic networks required for the function of even a single cell and the realization of phenotypes. In this paper we use clonal evolution of cancer as a model experience for students to recreate how a single, non-germline cell appears to shadow the classic pattern of natural selection in body cells that have gone awry. With authentic STEAM activities students can easily crossover and revisit previous biological topics and the ubiquitous nature of natural selection as seen in the example of somatic cells that result in a metastasizing tumor, giving students insight into natural selection's accommodating and tractable patterns throughout the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Global research status of localised scleroderma reported over the period 1993–2022: A 30‐year bibliometric analysis.
- Author
-
Li, Zi‐Ming, Li, Tian‐Hao, Li, Zhu‐Jun, Wang, Li‐Quan, Long, Xiao, and Huang, Jiu‐Zuo
- Subjects
SCLERODERMA (Disease) treatment ,TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta ,DERMATOMYOSITIS ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,PHOTOTHERAPY ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,CITATION analysis ,METHOTREXATE ,CANCER ,SCLERODERMA (Disease) ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Localised scleroderma predominantly affects the skin with an unknown aetiology. Despite its clinical importance, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis has been conducted to assess the existing research landscape and future prospects for localised scleroderma. The articles related to localised scleroderma were retrieved from the WoSCC database and analysed by VOSviewer 1.6.10.0 (Leiden University, Netherlands), CiteSpace 6.1.R1 (Dreiser University, USA), and HistCite 2.1 (New York, United States). 2049 research papers pertaining to localised scleroderma spanning the years from 1993 to 2022 were extracted from the WoSCC database. The United States exhibited the highest productivity with 644 papers, accounting for 31.43% of the total output, followed by Germany with 206 papers (10.05%) and Italy with 200 papers (9.76%). Regarding academic institutions and journals, the University of Texas System and Dermatology published the most significant number of papers, and Professor Ihn, H emerged as the most prolific contributor among scholars. The top 10 cited references primarily concentrated on the diagnosis and treatment of localised scleroderma. "Phototherapy" and "methotrexate (MTX)" surfaced as the most recent and noteworthy keywords, representing the research hotspots in the domain of localised scleroderma. This bibliometric analysis furnishes valuable insights into the contemporary research landscape of localised scleroderma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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28. Qingdao University Researcher Describes Research in Cancer (Global research landscape and trends of cancer stem cells from 1997 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis).
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CANCER stem cells ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,RESEARCH personnel ,CANCER research ,STEM cell research - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at Qingdao University in China analyzed the global research landscape and trends of cancer stem cells (CSCs) from 1997 to 2023. The study found that CSCs, a subset of cells with self-renewal ability and tumor generating potential, play a significant role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. The research focused on the development process, research hotspots, and trends in the CSCs field. It revealed that the research focus has shifted from basic biology to clinical transformation, with emerging issues such as transcription, inhibition, and chemoresistance gaining attention. The study suggests that future research should prioritize the tumor microenvironment and chemoresistance. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
29. Reports Outline Cancer Study Results from University of Sydney (Verification of Nucleotide Sequence Reagent Identities In Original Publications In High Impact Factor Cancer Research Journals).
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NUCLEOTIDE sequence ,CANCER research ,CANCER genetics ,MEDICAL sciences - Abstract
A study conducted by researchers at the University of Sydney examined the presence of wrongly identified nucleotide sequences in high-impact-factor cancer research journals. The study found that 3.8% of nucleotide sequences in Molecular Cancer papers and 4.0% in Oncogene papers were wrongly identified. These wrongly identified sequences were distributed across a significant number of papers, including those from 2020. The study highlights the risks of relying on journal impact factors or citations as indicators of research quality. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
30. A Systematic Review of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Cancer Receiving Palliative Radiotherapy: Evidence-Based Recommendations.
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Tam, Alexander, Scarpi, Emanuela, Maltoni, Marco Cesare, Rossi, Romina, Fairchild, Alysa, Dennis, Kristopher, Vaska, Marcus, and Kerba, Marc
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RADIOTHERAPY ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,CANCER patient medical care ,EVALUATION of medical care ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,CLINICAL competence ,ELECTRONIC health records ,TUMORS ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,CANCER patient psychology ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) - Abstract
Simple Summary: Accurately predicting survival in patients with cancer receiving palliative radiotherapy is important for clinical decision making in cancer care management and delivery. This remains a challenge due to the heterogeneity of cancer diagnoses and a wide variety of prognostic factors. This study aims to review the literature to identify prognostic factors for clinical use as well as prognostic tools available to clinicians treating this population of patients. Based on the literature, we formulated evidence-based recommendations for clinicians to implement into practice with the intention of improving prognostic accuracy and overall patient care. (1) Background: Prognostication in patients with cancer receiving palliative radiotherapy remains a challenge. To improve the process, we aim to identify prognostic factors in this population from the literature and offer evidence-based recommendations on prognostication in patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for non-curable or advanced cancers. (2) Methods: A systematic review was performed on the medical literature from 2005 to 2023 to extract papers on the prognosis of palliative radiotherapy patients with advanced cancer. The initial selection was performed by at least two authors to determine study relevance to the target area. Studies were then classified based on type and evidence quality to determine final recommendations. (3) Results: The literature search returned 57 papers to be evaluated. Clinical and biological prognostic factors were identified from these papers to improve clinical decision making or construct prognostic models. Twenty prognostic models were identified for clinical use. There is moderate evidence supporting (i) evidence-based factors (patient, clinical, disease, and lab) in guiding decision making around palliative radiation; (ii) that certain biological factors are of importance; (iii) prognostication models in patients with advanced cancer; and that (iv) SBRT or re-irradiation use can be guided by predictions of survival by prognostic scores or clinicians. Patients with more favorable prognoses are generally better suited to SBRT or re-irradiation, and the use of prognostic models can aid in this decision making. (4) Conclusions: This evaluation has identified several factors or tools to aid in prognosis and clinical decision making. Future studies should aim to further validate these tools and factors in a clinical setting, including the leveraging of electronic medical records for data availability. To increase our understanding of how causal factors interact with palliative radiotherapy, future studies should also examine and include prediction of response to radiation as an outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. PermuteDDS: a permutable feature fusion network for drug-drug synergy prediction.
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Zhao, Xinwei, Xu, Junqing, Shui, Youyuan, Xu, Mengdie, Hu, Jie, Liu, Xiaoyan, Che, Kai, Wang, Junjie, and Liu, Yun
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DRUG synergism ,COMBINATION drug therapy ,CELL lines ,HIGH throughput screening (Drug development) ,DRUG interactions ,DRUG delivery devices - Abstract
Motivation: Drug combination therapies have shown promise in clinical cancer treatments. However, it is hard to experimentally identify all drug combinations for synergistic interaction even with high-throughput screening due to the vast space of potential combinations. Although a number of computational methods for drug synergy prediction have proven successful in narrowing down this space, fusing drug pairs and cell line features effectively still lacks study, hindering current algorithms from understanding the complex interaction between drugs and cell lines. Results: In this paper, we proposed a Permutable feature fusion network for Drug-Drug Synergy prediction, named PermuteDDS. PermuteDDS takes multiple representations of drugs and cell lines as input and employs a permutable fusion mechanism to combine drug and cell line features. In experiments, PermuteDDS exhibits state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark data sets. Additionally, the results on independent test set grouped by different tissues reveal that PermuteDDS has good generalization performance. We believed that PermuteDDS is an effective and valuable tool for identifying synergistic drug combinations. It is publicly available at https://github.com/littlewei-lazy/PermuteDDS. Scientific contribution: First, this paper proposes a permutable feature fusion network for predicting drug synergy termed PermuteDDS, which extract diverse information from multiple drug representations and cell line representations. Second, the permutable fusion mechanism combine the drug and cell line features by integrating information of different channels, enabling the utilization of complex relationships between drugs and cell lines. Third, comparative and ablation experiments provide evidence of the efficacy of PermuteDDS in predicting drug-drug synergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. RNA methylation‐related inhibitors: Biological basis and therapeutic potential for cancer therapy.
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Chen, Huanxiang, Liu, Hongyang, Zhang, Chenxing, Xiao, Nan, Li, Yang, Zhao, Xiangzhuan, Zhang, Ruike, Gu, Huihui, Kang, Qiaozhen, and Wan, Junhu
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RNA modification & restriction ,RNA methylation ,CANCER cell migration ,CANCER treatment ,RNA - Abstract
RNA methylation is widespread in nature. Abnormal expression of proteins associated with RNA methylation is strongly associated with a number of human diseases including cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that targeting RNA methylation holds promise for cancer treatment. This review specifically describes several common RNA modifications, such as the relatively well‐studied N6‐methyladenosine, as well as 5‐methylcytosine and pseudouridine (Ψ). The regulatory factors involved in these modifications and their roles in RNA are also comprehensively discussed. We summarise the diverse regulatory functions of these modifications across different types of RNAs. Furthermore, we elucidate the structural characteristics of these modifications along with the development of specific inhibitors targeting them. Additionally, recent advancements in small molecule inhibitors targeting RNA modifications are presented to underscore their immense potential and clinical significance in enhancing therapeutic efficacy against cancer. Key Points: In this paper, several important types of RNA modifications and their related regulatory factors are systematically summarised.Several regulatory factors related to RNA modification types were associated with cancer progression, and their relationships with cancer cell migration, invasion, drug resistance and immune environment were summarised.In this paper, the inhibitors targeting different regulators that have been proposed in recent studies are summarised in detail, which is of great significance for the development of RNA modification regulators and cancer treatment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Probiotics - when and for whom in the oncological patient population.
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Łoniewski, Igor, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Karolina, Komorniak, Natalia, and Stachowska, Ewa
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CANCER patients ,PROBIOTICS ,GUT microbiome ,HUMAN microbiota ,BODY fluids - Abstract
The human microbiome contains trillions of microorganisms. These organisms vary from person to person like fingerprints, and their composition depends on both host and environmental factors, of which diet plays a crucial role. Knowledge of the human microbiome is possible thanks to the introduction of new DNA sequencing methods, which have been developed over the last decade (Human Microbiome Project). This is when the notion of dysbiosis, which is not quite correct, was coined, i.e. disruption of the normal human microbiota. In the absence of standards for the composition and function of the microbiome, dysbiosis is a conventional term describing the differences in the composition and function of the microbiome between a healthy population and a population affected by, for example, a disease; despite its imperfections, this definition is quite suitable for describing changes in the microbiome in the case of various diseases, including cancer. The microbiome can influence the development and course of cancer through direct oncogenic effects, pro-inflammatory effects on mucous membranes, generation of metabolic abnormalities, modulation of the immune response and efficacy of anticancer treatment. Both tumour tissue and neighbouring tissues contain their own microbiome, and the same applies to other tissues and body fluids, which, through the microbiome and its metabolites, antigens, etc., can influence tumour development, progression and response to treatment. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of the immune response. It can also influence tumours and their treatment in distant organs. Due to the link between the microbiome and cancer, the potential of its modification in oncological treatment is of great interest to researchers and clinicians. The aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge of one of the most popular methods of modifying the microbiome-probiotics, which are commonly used by oncology patients. The safety aspects of the use of probiotics and current meta-analyses on this group of products are mainly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Hypothesis: Cancer Hormesis and Its Potential for Cancer Therapeutics.
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Bordonaro, Michael and Lazarova, Darina
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HORMESIS ,BENIGN tumors ,CANCER cells ,HYPOTHESIS - Abstract
Primary tumors can inhibit the growth of secondary lesions, particularly metastases, in a phenomenon termed "concomitant resistance". Several mechanisms have been proposed for this effect, each supported by experimental data. In this paper, we hypothesize that concomitant resistance is a form of hormesis, a biphasic dose response in which a stimulus has a positive and/or stimulatory effect at low dosages and a negative, inhibitory, and/or toxic effect at higher dosages. When this paradigm applies to tumorigenesis, it is referred to as "cancer hormesis". Thus, low numbers of benign neoplastic cells or less tumorigenic malignant cells may result in resistance to the development of malignant neoplasms, including metastases. A host containing a number of (less tumorigenic) neoplastic cells may exhibit greater protection against more tumorigenic malignant neoplasms than a host who lacks neoplastic cells, or who has too few neoplastic cells to stimulate a protective response. As a theoretical endeavor, this paper also proposes that cancer hormesis can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes, by the implantation of safely controlled, benign artificial tumors in high-risk patients. These tumors would prevent the development of endogenous malignant neoplasms by creating an inhibitory environment for such growth. Strategies for testing the hypothesis are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Curcumin in Cancer and Inflammation: An In-Depth Exploration of Molecular Interactions, Therapeutic Potentials, and the Role in Disease Management.
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Moon, Dong-Oh
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CURCUMIN ,MOLECULAR interactions ,DISEASE management ,CANCER cell proliferation ,TURMERIC ,MOLECULAR structure - Abstract
This paper delves into the diverse and significant roles of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound from the Curcuma longa plant, in the context of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Distinguished by its unique molecular structure, curcumin exhibits potent biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer effects. The research comprehensively investigates curcumin's molecular interactions with key proteins involved in cancer progression and the inflammatory response, primarily through molecular docking studies. In cancer, curcumin's effectiveness is determined by examining its interaction with pivotal proteins like CDK2, CK2α, GSK3β, DYRK2, and EGFR, among others. These interactions suggest curcumin's potential role in impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival. Additionally, the paper highlights curcumin's impact on inflammation by examining its influence on proteins such as COX-2, CRP, PDE4, and MD-2, which are central to the inflammatory pathway. In vitro and clinical studies are extensively reviewed, shedding light on curcumin's binding mechanisms, pharmacological impacts, and therapeutic application in various cancers and inflammatory conditions. These studies are pivotal in understanding curcumin's functionality and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Conclusively, this review emphasizes the therapeutic promise of curcumin in treating a wide range of health issues, attributed to its complex chemistry and broad pharmacological properties. The research points towards curcumin's growing importance as a multi-faceted natural compound in the medical and scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Photodynamic Therapy and Adaptive Immunity Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species: Recent Reports.
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Aebisher, David, Woźnicki, Paweł, and Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota
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TUMOR treatment ,MYELOID-derived suppressor cells ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,METABOLITES ,CELL death ,PHOTODYNAMIC therapy ,INFLAMMATION ,ONLINE information services ,CYTOKINES ,EXTRACELLULAR matrix ,IMMUNITY - Abstract
Simple Summary: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment that uses photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage target cells. The unique mechanism of action of PDT involves the systemic or local administration of a photosensitizing compound (photosensitizer), which is then activated by light of a specific energy. PDT induces a very strong local inflammatory response. A number of adaptive mechanisms are induced within the tumor, related to increased amino acid metabolism and damage to lymphatic vessels. In this review, we are describing the adaptive immune response induced by ROS and generated by PDT. Cancer is one of the most significant causes of death worldwide. Despite the rapid development of modern forms of therapy, results are still unsatisfactory. The prognosis is further worsened by the ability of cancer cells to metastasize. Thus, more effective forms of therapy, such as photodynamic therapy, are constantly being developed. The photodynamic therapeutic regimen involves administering a photosensitizer that selectively accumulates in tumor cells or is present in tumor vasculature prior to irradiation with light at a wavelength corresponding to the photosensitizer absorbance, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are responsible for the direct and indirect destruction of cancer cells. Photodynamically induced local inflammation has been shown to have the ability to activate an adaptive immune system response resulting in the destruction of tumor lesions and the creation of an immune memory. This paper focuses on presenting the latest scientific reports on the specific immune response activated by photodynamic therapy. We present newly discovered mechanisms for the induction of the adaptive response by analyzing its various stages, and the possible difficulties in generating it. We also present the results of research over the past 10 years that have focused on improving the immunological efficacy of photodynamic therapy for improved cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Plant‐derived exosomes: A new frontier in nano‐medicine for cancer and microbial infection therapy.
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Maitra, Swastika, Sarkar, Subham, and Dhara, Bikram
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Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have emerged as pivotal players in cell‐to‐cell communication. Plant‐derived exosomes, in particular, are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic applications in nano‐medicine. These vesicles are naturally occurring nanoparticles that carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ability to traverse biological barriers, plant‐derived exosomes present a promising alternative to synthetic nanoparticles for drug delivery, especially in cancer and microbial infection therapy. Exosomes are secreted by almost every cell and are profusely present in all living organisms, making them excellent candidates for a large spectrum of research and applications. This paper describes the highly organized and regulated biosynthesis of exosomes and the prospects of their application in cancer therapy and treatment of microbial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. Editorial: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in health and diseases: harnessing their roles in the development of new immunotherapy approaches.
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Tomić, Sergej, Shengjun Wang, and Čolić, Miodrag
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MYELOID-derived suppressor cells ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases ,HTLV - Abstract
This document is an editorial published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology. It discusses the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in various health conditions and diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, pregnancy, neonates, and aging. The editorial highlights the complexity of MDSCs and their potential as targets for immunotherapy. It also presents five research papers that provide insights into the multifaceted roles of MDSCs in oncogenesis, maternal-fetal interface, and aging, contributing to a better understanding of MDSCs biology and the development of more effective immunotherapeutic approaches. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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39. New Brain Cancer Study Findings Have Been Published by a Researcher at Sharda University (Machine learning and deep learning methods in brain tumor classification: A decade: Systematic literature review).
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DEEP learning ,TUMOR classification ,MACHINE learning ,BRAIN cancer ,RESEARCH personnel ,BRAIN tumors ,CONCEPT learning - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at Sharda University in Greater Noida, India, explores the use of machine learning and non-machine learning approaches in the categorization of brain tumors. The researchers compiled and reviewed 169 research papers on brain tumor detection from 2013 to 2023, evaluating the efficacy of different methodologies based on criteria such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and computing efficiency. The study provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of brain tumor categorization and highlights the application and development of machine learning methods in this field. The research has significant implications for brain tumor classification research. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
40. Factors related to advance directives completion among cancer patients: a systematic review.
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Golmohammadi, Mobina, Ebadi, Abbas, Ashrafizadeh, Hadis, Rassouli, Maryam, and Barasteh, Salman
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CANCER patient psychology ,ONLINE information services ,META-synthesis ,PLANNED behavior theory ,SOCIAL support ,TERMINAL care ,HEALTH services accessibility ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,PATIENT decision making ,SOCIAL norms ,ADVANCE directives (Medical care) ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,HEALTH literacy ,PATIENT-family relations ,MEDLINE ,CONTENT analysis ,RESPECT ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,CONTROL (Psychology) - Abstract
Introduction: Advance directives (ADs) has recently been considered as an important component of palliative care for patients with advanced cancer and is a legally binding directive regarding a person's future medical care. It is used when a person is unable to participate in the decision-making process about their own care. Therefore, the present systematic review investigated the factors related to ADs from the perspective of cancer patients. Methods: A systematic review study was searched in four scientific databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest using with related keywords and without date restrictions. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Hawker criterion. The research papers were analyzed as directed content analysis based on the theory of planned behavior. Results: Out of 5900 research papers found, 22 were included in the study. The perspectives of 9061 cancer patients were investigated, of whom 4347 were men and 4714 were women. The mean ± SD of the patients' age was 62.04 ± 6.44. According to TPB, factors affecting ADs were categorized into four categories, including attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and external factors affecting the model. The attitude category includes two subcategories: "Lack of knowledge of the ADs concept" and "Previous experience of the disease", the subjective norm category includes three subcategories: "Social support and interaction with family", "Respecting the patient's wishes" and "EOL care choices". Also, the category of perceived control behavior was categorized into two sub-categories: "Decision-making" and "Access to the healthcare system", as well as external factors affecting the model, including "socio-demographic characteristics". Conclusion: The studies indicate that attention to EOL care and the wishes of patients regarding receiving medical care and preservation of human dignity, the importance of facilitating open communication between patients and their families, and different perspectives on providing information, communicating bad news and making decisions require culturally sensitive approaches. Finally, the training of cancer care professionals in the palliative care practice, promoting the participation of health care professionals in ADs activities and creating an AD-positive attitude should be strongly encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Factors influencing fidelity to guideline implementation strategies for improving pain care at cancer centres: a qualitative sub-study of the Stop Cancer PAIN Trial.
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Luckett, Tim, Phillips, Jane, Agar, Meera, Richards, Linda, Reynolds, Najwa, Garcia, Maja, Davidson, Patricia, Shaw, Tim, Currow, David, Boyle, Frances, Lam, Lawrence, McCaffrey, Nikki, and Lovell, Melanie
- Abstract
Background: The Stop Cancer PAIN Trial was a phase III pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial which compared effectiveness of screening and guidelines with or without implementation strategies for improving pain in adults with cancer attending six Australian outpatient comprehensive cancer centres (n = 688). A system for pain screening was introduced before observation of a 'control' phase. Implementation strategies introduced in the 'intervention' phase included: (1) audit of adherence to guideline recommendations, with feedback to clinical teams; (2) health professional education via an email-administered 'spaced education' module; and (3) a patient education booklet and self-management resource. Selection of strategies was informed by the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) Model (Michie et al., 2011) and evidence for each strategy's stand-alone effectiveness. A consultant physician at each centre supported the intervention as a 'clinical champion'. However, fidelity to the intervention was limited, and the Trial did not demonstrate effectiveness. This paper reports a sub-study of the Trial which aimed to identify factors inhibiting or enabling fidelity to inform future guideline implementation initiatives. Methods: The qualitative sub-study enabled in-depth exploration of factors from the perspectives of personnel at each centre. Clinical champions, clinicians and clinic receptionists were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Analysis used a framework method and a largely deductive approach based on the COM-B Model. Results: Twenty-four people participated, including 15 physicians, 8 nurses and 1 clinic receptionist. Coding against the COM-B Model identified 'capability' to be the most influential component, with 'opportunity' and 'motivation' playing largely subsidiary roles. Findings suggest that fidelity could have been improved by: considering the readiness for change of each clinical setting; better articulating the intervention's value proposition; defining clinician roles and responsibilities, addressing perceptions that pain care falls beyond oncology clinicians' scopes of practice; integrating the intervention within existing systems and processes; promoting patient-clinician partnerships; investing in clinical champions among senior nursing and junior medical personnel, supported by medical leaders; and planning for slow incremental change rather than rapid uptake. Conclusions: Future guideline implementation interventions may require a 'meta-implementation' approach based on complex systems theory to successfully integrate multiple strategies. Trial registration: Registry: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; number: ACTRN 12615000064505; data: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspxid=367236&isReview=true. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Non-invasive technology to assess hydration status in advanced cancer to explore relationships between fluid status and symptoms: an observational study using bioelectrical impedance analysis.
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Nwosu, Amara Callistus, Stanley, Sarah, Mayland, Catriona R, Mason, Stephen, McDougall, Alexandra, and Ellershaw, John E
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STATISTICAL models ,DRINKING (Physiology) ,CANCER treatment ,MEDICAL technology ,RESEARCH funding ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,PILOT projects ,BODY composition ,MEDICAL care ,BIOELECTRIC impedance ,DECISION making ,CANCER patients ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,EVALUATION of medical care ,HYDRATION ,LONGITUDINAL method ,WATER in the body ,QUALITY of life ,TUMOR classification ,TUMORS ,TERMINAL care ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEHYDRATION ,REGRESSION analysis ,SPECIALTY hospitals ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: Oral fluid intake decreases in advanced cancer in the dying phase of illness. There is inadequate evidence to support the assessment, and management, of hydration in the dying. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a body composition assessment tool. BIA has the potential to inform clinal management in advanced cancer, by examining the relationships between hydration status and clinical variables. Aim: BIA was used to determine the association between hydration status, symptoms, clinical signs, quality-of-life and survival in advanced cancer, including those who are dying (i.e. in the last week of life). Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of people with advanced cancer in three centres. Advance consent methodology was used to conduct hydration assessments in the dying. Total body water was estimated using the BIA Impedance index (Height – H (m)
2 /Resistance – R (Ohms)). Backward regression was used to identify factors (physical signs, symptoms, quality of life) that predicted H2 /R. Participants in the last 7 days of life were further assessed with BIA to assess hydration changes, and its relationship with clinical outcomes. Results: One hundred and twenty-five people participated (males n = 74 (59.2%), females, n = 51 (40.8%)). We used backward regression analysis to describe a statistical model to predict hydration status in advanced cancer. The model demonstrated that 'less hydration' (lower H2 /R) was associated with female sex (Beta = -0.39, p < 0.001), increased appetite (Beta = -0.12, p = 0.09), increased dehydration assessment scale score (dry mouth, dry axilla, sunken eyes - Beta = -0.19, p = 0.006), and increased breathlessness (Beta = -0.15, p = 0.03). 'More hydration' (higher H2 /R) was associated with oedema (Beta = 0.49, p < 0.001). In dying participants (n = 18, 14.4%), hydration status (H2 /R) was not significantly different compared to their baseline measurements (n = 18, M = 49.6, SD = 16.0 vs. M = 51.0, SD = 12.1; t(17) = 0.64, p = 0.53) and was not significantly associated with agitation (rs = -0.85, p = 0.74), pain (rs = 0.31, p = 0.23) or respiratory tract secretions (rs = -0.34, p = 0.19). Conclusions: This is the first study to use bioimpedance to report a model (using clinical factors) to predict hydration status in advanced cancer. Our data demonstrates the feasibility of using an advance consent method to conduct research in dying people. This method can potentially improve the evidence base (and hence, quality of care) for the dying. Future BIA research can involve hydration assessment of cancers (according to type and stage) and associated variables (e.g., stage of illness, ethnicity and gender). Further work can use BIA to identify clinically relevant outcomes for hydration studies and establish a core outcome set to evaluate how hydration affects symptoms and quality-of-life in cancer. Key message: What is already known about this topic? - Oral fluid intake decreases in people with advanced cancer, especially when they approach the dying phase of their illness. - There is inadequate evidence to support hydration assessment and decision making in the dying phase of illness. - It is important to understand which clinical factors are associated with hydration status in advanced cancer, to enable healthcare professionals, to evaluate hydration status and support clinical decision making. - Bioimpedance is a non-invasive technology, which has potential to identify clinically relevant variables for cancer hydration assessment. What this paper adds. - This is the first study to use bioimpedance to report a model (using clinical factors) to predict hydration status in advanced cancer. - The variables with combined significance for predicting hydration status were biological sex, appetite, dry mouth, dry axilla, sunken eyes, breathlessness and oedema. In the dying phase, hydration status did not significantly change compared to baseline, and hydration status was not significantly associated with survival. Implications for practice, theory or policy. - Further work can use bioimpedance to identify clinically relevant outcomes for hydration studies, to establish a core outcome set to evaluate how hydration affects symptoms and quality-of-life in cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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43. Prospects of compounds of herbal plants as anticancer agents: a comprehensive review from molecular pathways.
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Situmorang, Putri Cahaya, Ilyas, Syafruddin, Nugraha, Sony Eka, Syahputra, Rony Abdi, and Abd Rahman, Nik Mohd Afizan Nik
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CARCINOGENS ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,DEATH receptors ,CELL cycle ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,PHYTOCHEMICALS ,BOTANICAL chemistry - Abstract
Cancer refers to the proliferation and multiplication of aberrant cells inside the human body, characterized by their capacity to proliferate and infiltrate various anatomical regions. Numerous biochemical pathways and signaling molecules have an impact on the cancer auto biogenesis process. The regulation of crucial cellular processes necessary for cell survival and proliferation, which are triggered by phytochemicals, is significantly influenced by signaling pathways. These pathways or components are regulated by phytochemicals. Medicinal plants are a significant reservoir of diverse anticancer medications employed in chemotherapy. The anticancer effects of phytochemicals are mediated by several methods, including induction of apoptosis, cessation of the cell cycle, inhibition of kinases, and prevention of carcinogenic substances. This paper analyzes the phytochemistry of seven prominent plant constituents, namely, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins, focusing on the involvement of the MAPK/ERK pathway, TNF signaling, death receptors, p53, p38, and actin dynamics. Hence, this review has examined a range of phytochemicals, encompassing their structural characteristics and potential anticancer mechanisms. It has underscored the significance of plant-derived bioactive compounds in the prevention of cancer, utilizing diverse molecular pathways. In addition, this endeavor also seeks to incentivize scientists to carry out clinical trials on anticancer medications derived from plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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44. The interplay of transition metals in ferroptosis and pyroptosis.
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Vana, Frantisek, Szabo, Zoltan, Masarik, Michal, and Kratochvilova, Monika
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LEAD ,COPPER ,CELL death ,PYROPTOSIS ,URANIUM ,TRANSITION metals ,TRACE elements - Abstract
Cell death is one of the most important mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis in our body. Ferroptosis and pyroptosis are forms of necrosis-like cell death. These cell death modalities play key roles in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular, neurological diseases, and other pathologies. Transition metals are abundant group of elements in all living organisms. This paper presents a summary of ferroptosis and pyroptosis pathways and their connection to significant transition metals, namely zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), uranium (U), platinum (Pt), and one crucial element, selenium (Se). Authors aim to summarize the up-to-date knowledge of this topic. In this review, there are categorized and highlighted the most common patterns in the alterations of ferroptosis and pyroptosis by transition metals. Special attention is given to zinc since collected data support its dual nature of action in both ferroptosis and pyroptosis. All findings are presented together with a brief description of major biochemical pathways involving mentioned metals and are visualized in attached comprehensive figures. This work concludes that the majority of disruptions in the studied metals' homeostasis impacts cell fate, influencing both death and survival of cells in the complex system of altered pathways. Therefore, this summary opens up the space for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. The preventive and carcinogenic effect of metals on cancer: a systematic review.
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Khoshakhlagh, Amir Hossein, Mohammadzadeh, Mahdiyeh, and Gruszecka-Kosowska, Agnieszka
- Abstract
Background: Many studies have investigated the role of metals in various types of malignancies. Considering the wide range of studies conducted in this field and the achievement of different results, the presented systematic review was performed to obtain the results of investigations on the prevention and occurrence of various types of cancer associated with metal exposures. Methods: In this review, research was conducted in the three databases: Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science without historical restrictions until May 31, 2024. Animal studies, books, review articles, conference papers, and letters to the editors were omitted. The special checklist of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used for the quality assessment of the articles. Finally, the findings were classified according to the effect of the metal as preventive or carcinogenic. Results: The total number of retrieved articles was 4695, and 71 eligible results were used for further investigation. In most studies, the concentration of toxic metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr (VI)), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in the biological and clinical samples of cancer patients was higher than that of healthy people. In addition, the presence of essential elements, such as selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in tolerable low concentrations was revealed to have anti-cancer properties, while exposure to high concentrations has detrimental health effects. Conclusions: Metals have carcinogenic effects at high levels of exposure. Taking preventive measures, implementing timely screening, and reducing the emission of metal-associated pollutants can play an effective role in reducing cancer rates around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Management of Skin Toxicities in Cancer Treatment: An Australian/New Zealand Perspective.
- Author
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Ladwa, Rahul, Fogarty, Gerald, Chen, Peggy, Grewal, Gurpreet, McCormack, Chris, Mar, Victoria, Kerob, Delphine, and Khosrotehrani, Kiarash
- Subjects
TREATMENT of urticaria ,HAND-foot syndrome ,PHOTOSENSITIVITY disorders ,SKIN care ,ULTRAVIOLET radiation ,HAIR diseases ,FOLLICULITIS ,ITCHING ,TUMORS ,DRUG eruptions ,URTICARIA ,NAIL diseases - Abstract
Simple Summary: Many cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy, can cause skin side effects. These are called 'dermatologic toxicities' or 'skin toxicities'. There are many different types of skin toxicities, some of which can not only affect the quality of life but also lead to cancer treatment being stopped or slowed down. This paper gives an overview of 12 of the most common skin toxicities experienced by people receiving cancer treatment. These include rashes, dry skin, skin irritation, hair loss, changes in skin colouring, and itching. We have provided Australia/New Zealand-specific recommendations on how skin toxicities can be prevented and managed, including the role of dermocosmetic solutions. Cancer systemic therapeutics and radiotherapy are often associated with dermatological toxicities that may reduce patients' quality of life and impact their course of cancer treatment. These toxicities cover a wide range of conditions that can be complex to manage with increasing severity. This review provides details on twelve common dermatological toxicities encountered during cancer treatment and offers measures for their prevention and management, particularly in the Australian/New Zealand context where skincare requirements may differ to other regions due to higher cumulative sun damage caused by high ambient ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. Given the frequency of these dermatological toxicities, a proactive phase is envisaged where patients can actively try to prevent skin toxicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Automated Method for Intracranial Aneurysm Classification Using Deep Learning.
- Author
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Hlavata, Roberta, Kamencay, Patrik, Radilova, Martina, Sykora, Peter, and Hudec, Robert
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DEEP learning ,INTRACRANIAL aneurysms ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,SUBARACHNOID hemorrhage ,CLASSIFICATION ,BLOOD vessels - Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is now a common term closely associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. IA is the bulging of a blood vessel caused by a weakening of its wall. This bulge can rupture and, in most cases, cause internal bleeding. In most cases, internal bleeding leads to death or other fatal consequences. Therefore, the development of an automated system for detecting IA is needed to help physicians make more accurate diagnoses. For this reason, we have focused on this problem. In this paper, we propose a 2D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on a network commonly used for data classification in medicine. In addition to our proposed network, we also tested ResNet 50, ResNet 101 and ResNet 152 on a publicly available dataset. In this case, ResNet 152 achieved better results than our proposed network, but our network was significantly smaller and the classifications took significantly less time. Our proposed network achieved an overall accuracy of 98%. This result was achieved on a dataset consisting of 611 images. In addition to the mentioned networks, we also experimented with the VGG network, but it was not suitable for this type of data and achieved only 20%. We compare the results in this work with neural networks that have been verified by the scientific community, and we believe that the results obtained by us can help in the creation of an automated system for the detection of IA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Nephrotoxicity in Bispecific Antibodies Recipients: Focus on T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibodies.
- Author
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Wen, Xiaoli and Xu, Gaosi
- Subjects
BISPECIFIC antibodies ,TUMOR lysis syndrome ,CYTOKINE release syndrome ,ACUTE kidney failure ,NEPHROTOXICOLOGY - Abstract
Recently, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are evolving the landscape of cancer treatment and have significantly improved the outcomes of relapsed or refractory cancer patients. As increasing BsAbs entered clinical practice, specific toxicities have emerged, and renal side-effects have been described. However, there are a lack of studies analyzing the nephrotoxicity in the anti-cancer BsAbs recipients systematically. In this review, we demonstrate the etiologies, mechanisms, other risk factors and treatment options of kidney injury in the BsAbs recipients to provide a more comprehensive insight into the nephrotoxicity post-BsAbs therapy. Significantly, due to the limited clinical trial data on each subject, we mainly conclude the related etiologies, mechanisms, and risk factors of nephrotoxicity that occur in T-cell-engaging BsAbs recipients. Nephrotoxicity associated with non-T-cell BsAbs may be associated with adverse nephrotoxicity of related monoclonal antibodies to two specific antigens. The aim of this paper is to provide nephrologists and oncologists with theoretical knowledge to provide better medical management for recipients who receive BsAbs, especially T-cell-engaging BsAbs treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Integrating Omics Data and AI for Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis.
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Ozaki, Yousaku, Broughton, Phil, Abdollahi, Hamed, Valafar, Homayoun, and Blenda, Anna V.
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TUMOR diagnosis ,GENOMICS ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RADIOMICS ,EPIGENOMICS ,GENE expression ,PROTEOMICS ,TUMORS ,MACHINE learning - Abstract
Simple Summary: Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, which emphasizes the need for its early and accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Our review explores AI's potential in this field, analyzing 89 recent studies from 2020 through 2023. Specifically, these studies included AI applications for the analysis of multi-omics data: radiomics, pathomics, clinical records, and lab data. Notably, eight studies combined diverse omics data types (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics). Integration of AI for the analysis of clinical and omics data contributes to a significant advancement and is essential for safe clinical implementation. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, making timely diagnosis and prognosis very important. Utilization of AI (artificial intelligence) enables providers to organize and process patient data in a way that can lead to better overall outcomes. This review paper aims to look at the varying uses of AI for diagnosis and prognosis and clinical utility. PubMed and EBSCO databases were utilized for finding publications from 1 January 2020 to 22 December 2023. Articles were collected using key search terms such as "artificial intelligence" and "machine learning." Included in the collection were studies of the application of AI in determining cancer diagnosis and prognosis using multi-omics data, radiomics, pathomics, and clinical and laboratory data. The resulting 89 studies were categorized into eight sections based on the type of data utilized and then further subdivided into two subsections focusing on cancer diagnosis and prognosis, respectively. Eight studies integrated more than one form of omics, namely genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, and proteomics. Incorporating AI into cancer diagnosis and prognosis alongside omics and clinical data represents a significant advancement. Given the considerable potential of AI in this domain, ongoing prospective studies are essential to enhance algorithm interpretability and to ensure safe clinical integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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50. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Increases Cisplatin Efficacy to Eliminate Metastatic Cells in Pediatric Liver Cancers.
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Gulati, Ruhi, Fleifil, Yasmeen, Jennings, Katherine, Bondoc, Alex, Tiao, Greg, Geller, James, Timchenko, Lubov, and Timchenko, Nikolai
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RISK assessment ,CISPLATIN ,CANCER relapse ,CANCER ,ENZYME inhibitors ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,NEURONS ,CELL proliferation ,DISEASE eradication ,HEPATOBLASTOMA ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,METASTASIS ,CELL lines ,FIBROBLASTS ,DRUG efficacy ,HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma ,HISTONE deacetylase ,PHARMACODYNAMICS ,DISEASE risk factors ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Simple Summary: Patients with pediatric liver cancers hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma very often develop lung metastases. These cancers can present with lung metastases and are at higher risk of relapse. Although cisplatin is very effective at clearing lung metastases, they can still relapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of lung metastases in patients with pediatric liver cancers. In this paper, we show that the metastatic microenvironment of HBL and HCC patients contains a heterogeneous cell population that formed tumor clusters. We found that both fresh primary tumors and generated primary cell cultures had increased the expression of HDAC1, a histone deacetylase, and the transcription factor Sp5. Sp5 and HDAC1 work in tandem by transporting HDAC1 to the promoters of genes and changing their expression. We analyzed the effects of the HDAC inhibitor, SAHA, on the metastasis-initiating cells in combination with cisplatin. We found that HDAC inhibition increases the efficacy of cisplatin to eliminate these metastasis-initiating cells. The pediatric liver cancers, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, are dangerous cancers which often spread to the lungs. Although treatments with cisplatin significantly improve outcomes, cisplatin may not eliminate metastasis-initiating cells. Our group has recently shown that the metastatic microenvironments of hepatoblastoma contain Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and neuron-like cells, which initiate cancer spread from liver to lungs. In this study, we found that these cells express high levels of HDAC1; therefore, we examined if histone deacetylase inhibition improves cisplatin anti-proliferative effects and reduces the formation of tumor clusters in pediatric liver cancer metastatic microenvironments. Methods: New cell lines were generated from primary hepatoblastoma liver tumors (hbl) and lung metastases (LM) of HBL patients. In addition, cell lines were generated from hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS) tumor samples, and hcc cell lines. Hbl, LM and hcc cells were treated with cisplatin, SAHA or in combination. The effect of these drugs on the number of cells, formation of tumor clusters and HDAC1-Sp5-p21 axis were examined. Results: Both HBL and HCC tissue specimens have increased HDAC1-Sp5 pathway activation, recapitulated in cell lines generated from the tumors. HDAC inhibition with vorinostat (SAHA) increases cisplatin efficacy to eliminate CAFs in hbl and in hcc cell lines. Although the neuron-like cells survive the combined treatments, proliferation was inhibited. Notably, combining SAHA with cisplatin overcame cisplatin resistance in an LM cell line from an aggressive case with multiple metastases. Underlying mechanisms of this enhanced inhibition include suppression of the HDAC1-Sp5 pathway and elevation of an inhibitor of proliferation p21. Similar findings were found with gemcitabine treatments suggesting that elimination of proliferative CAFs cells is a key event in the inhibition of mitotic microenvironment. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrate the synergistic benefits of HDAC inhibition and cisplatin to eliminate metastasis-initiating cells in pediatric liver cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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