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Given the ongoing rise in the occurrence of allergic disorders, alterations in dietary patterns have been proposed as a possible factor contributing to the emergence and progression of these conditions. Currently, there is a significant focus on the development of dietary therapies that utilize natural compounds possessing anti-allergy properties. Dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites have been intensively researched due to their well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory characteristics, making them one of the most prominent natural bioactive chemicals. This study seeks to discuss the in-depth mechanisms by which these molecules may exert anti-allergic effects, namely through their capacity to diminish the allergenicity of proteins, modulate immune responses, and modify the composition of the gut microbiota. However, further investigation is required to fully understand these effects. This paper examines the existing evidence from experimental and clinical studies that supports the idea that different polyphenols, such as catechins, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, and others, can reduce allergic inflammation, relieve symptoms of food allergy, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, and prevent the progression of the allergic immune response. In summary, dietary polyphenols and plant metabolites possess significant anti-allergic properties and can be utilized for developing both preventative and therapeutic strategies for targeting allergic conditions. The paper also discusses the constraints in investigating and broad usage of polyphenols, as well as potential avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruption of the airway epithelium triggers a defensive immune response that begins with the production and release of alarmin cytokines. These epithelial-derived alarmin cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are produced in response to aeroallergens, viruses, and toxic inhalants. An alarmin response disproportionate to the inhaled trigger can exacerbate airway diseases such as asthma. Allergens inhaled into previously sensitized airways are known to drive a T2 inflammatory response through the polarization of T cells by dendritic cells mediated by TSLP. Harmful compounds found within air pollution, microbes, and viruses are also triggers causing airway epithelial cell release of TSLP in asthmatic airways. The release of TSLP leads to the development of inflammation which, when unchecked, can result in asthma exacerbations. Genetic and inheritable factors can contribute to the variable expression of TSLP and the risk and severity of asthma. This paper will review the various triggers and consequences of TSLP release in asthmatic airways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple prolonged symptoms are observed in patients who recover from an acute COVID-19 infection, which is defined as long COVID. General fatigue is frequently observed in patients with long COVID during acute and post-acute phases. This study aimed to identify the specific risk factors for general fatigue in long COVID. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 aged over 18 years were enrolled in a multicenter cohort study at 26 medical institutions. Clinical data during hospitalization and patient-reported outcomes after discharge were collected from medical records, paper-based questionnaires, and smartphone apps. Among prolonged symptoms through 1-year follow-ups, general fatigue was the most interfering symptom in daily life. Patients with protracted fatigue at all follow-up periods had lower quality of life scores at the 12-month follow-up. Univariate logistic regression analysis of the presence or absence of general fatigue at the 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups identified asthma, younger age, and female sex as risk factors for prolonged fatigue. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that asthma was an independent risk factor for persistent fatigue during the 12-month follow-up period. Longitudinal changes in the symptoms of patients with or without asthma demonstrated that general fatigue, not cough and dyspnea, was significantly prolonged in patients with asthma. In a Japanese population with long COVID, prolonged general fatigue was closely linked to asthma. A preventive approach against COVID-19 is necessary to avoid sustained fatigue and minimize social and economic losses in patients with asthma. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Australia has a high prevalence of asthma amongst its population. Literature shows rural asthma patients have a higher need to access emergency healthcare due to asthma-related emergencies than those living in metropolitan areas, and that underutilisation of ambulance resources is evident in rural areas. This study aims to explore the barriers preventing patients from accessing emergency healthcare resources during an asthma-related emergency in rural New South Wales (NSW). A qualitative interpretative design comprising 12 semi-structured interviews was conducted between May and July 2021. Participants had accessed emergency healthcare in rural NSW during a moderate to severe asthma exacerbation in NSW within the last five years. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim to allow thematic analysis, which produced four overarching themes. This paper explores two of those themes due to the depth and range of the data. The impact of healthcare logistics, including access and availability of emergency healthcare resources, response times, environmental concerns, and issues with transport home from the hospital, were identified as barriers. Additionally, financial cost, the presumed cost to healthcare workers and societal cost were also found to influence participants’ decisions to access emergency healthcare. Overall, multiple factors were identified as potential barriers to asthma patients in rural NSW accessing emergency healthcare. Introducing improved mapping systems and mobile/radio reception, in addition to better staff resourcing in rural locations may help reduce the reluctance of asthma patients to access healthcare due to logistical concerns and fear of being a burden on the emergency healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, obesity and asthma pose significant health challenges, with obesity being a key factor influencing asthma. Despite this, effective treatments for obese asthma, a distinct phenotype, remain elusive. Since the discovery of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in 1969, their value as therapeutic targets for various diseases has been acknowledged. TRP channels, present in adipose tissue cells, influence fat cell heat production and the secretion of adipokines and cytokines, which are closely associated with asthma and obesity. This paper aims to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity exacerbates asthma-related inflammation and suggests that targeting TRP channels in adipose tissue could potentially suppress obese asthma and offer novel insights into its treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is observed that the exposure to environmental factors such as indoors and outdoors air pollution, cigarette smoke, and allergens are highly related to asthma attacks. It is also reported that limited exposure to asthma riggers, cure due to medicine, the attacks of asthma can be minimized. In this paper, we formulate the dynamics of asthma with smoking and environmental factors classes in the fractional Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) framework to visualize its dynamical behaviour. We delineate the important properties of the CF derivative for the analysis of our model. The model is then analyzed for the basic properties and the uniqueness and existence of the hypothesized asthma system are investigated via the theory of fixed point. Furthermore, a novel numerical scheme is presented for the solution of our fractional system to illustrate the time series of asthma model. The dynamical behaviour of our asthma model is then highlighted numerically to show the impact of fractional-order ϧ on the system and to visualize the role of input factors on the dynamics of asthma disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Despite the growing utilization of data-driven methods to investigate multimorbidity patterns, there is currently no consensus or guidance on the conditions to include when identifying patterns. This scoping review aims to systematically examine the nature of conditions included in existing studies using data-driven techniques. Methods A comprehensive search of three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) was conducted to identify relevant publications from inception to 28 February 2022 using predefined search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. The reference lists and citations of relevant papers were also searched. Results Among 7326 search results, 5444 relevant articles were identified. After screening against the eligibility criteria, 60 articles were included in the review. Half of the reviewed studies reported selection criteria for conditions, with prevalence in the population of interest being the most common criterion (40%). Most studies included at least one neurological [59 (98.3%)], musculoskeletal [58 (96.7%)], respiratory [57 (95.0%)] or mental health [56 (93.3%)] condition. In contrast, only a small proportion of studies included skin [17 (28.3%)], infections [14 (23.3%)] or autoimmune conditions [10 (16.7%)]. Nine conditions (hypertension, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, COPD, asthma, depression, stroke and osteoporosis) were included by more than half of the studies. Conclusions This review highlights the considerable heterogeneity among the conditions included in analyses of multimorbidity patterns. Researchers should provide a clear rationale for the selection of conditions to facilitate comparisons across studies and ensure reproducibility, as well as consider selecting a diverse range of conditions to capture the complexity of multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine age-related risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with asthma. Methods: Data were obtained from a national survey of non-hospitalized civilians conducted by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. CRS diagnosis was based on the guidelines of the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020. Asthma was judged based on whether the patient had been diagnosed with asthma in the past. Of the 45,811 survey participants, 26,335 were included in the cross-sectional study. Participants included in the study were divided into the control, CRS, and CRS with asthma groups. Age-related risk factors were analyzed in patients aged < 60 or > 60 years. Univariate logistic analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between groups. Risk factors included age, sex, household income, residence, education level, occupation, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Education level (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.342, P =.0003), BMI (OR: 1.09, P =.0082), and total IgE (TIgE) levels (OR: 5.582, P =.003) were significantly different between the control and the CRS with asthma group. Education level (OR: 0.478, P =.0016) and TIgE levels (OR: 4, P =.0218) were significantly different between the CRS and CRS with asthma groups under 60 years of age. BMI (OR: 1.087, P =.0443; OR: 1.104, P =.0224) showed a significant difference between all three groups with age > 60 years. Conclusion: Progression to CRS with asthma is influenced by education level, occupation, and TIgE levels in patients under 60 years of age. BMI was the only influencing factor associated with the progression to CRS with asthma in those aged > 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient air pollution has been associated with asthma onset and exacerbation in children. Whether improvement in air quality due to reduced industrial emissions has resulted in improved health outcomes such as asthma in some localities has usually been assessed indirectly with studies on between-subject comparisons of air pollution from all sources and health outcomes. In this study we directly assessed, within small areas in the province of Quebec (Canada), the influence of changes in local industrial fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2) concentrations, on changes in annual asthma onset rates in children (≤12 years old) with a longitudinal ecological design. We identified the yearly number of new cases of childhood asthma in 1282 small areas (census tracts or local community service centers) for the years 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2015. Annual average concentrations of industrial air pollutants for each of the geographic areas, and three sectors (i.e. , pulp and paper mills, petroleum refineries, and metal smelters) were estimated by the Polair3D chemical transport model. Fixed-effects negative binomial models adjusted for household income were used to assess associations; additional adjustments for environmental tobacco smoke, background pollutant concentrations, vegetation coverage, and sociodemographic characteristics were conducted in sensitivity analyses. The incidence rate ratios (IRR) for childhood asthma onset for the interquartile increase in total industrial PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and SO 2 were 1.016 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.006–1.026), 1.063 (1.045–1.090), and 1.048 (1.031–1.080), respectively. Positive associations were also found with pollutant concentrations from most individual sectors. Results suggest that changes in industrial pollutant concentrations influence childhood asthma onset rates in small localities. • Industrial PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and SO 2 levels were estimated by a chemical transport model. • Childhood asthma onset rates decreased with decreased industrial pollutants levels. • The strongest association by industrial sector was with PM 2.5 from metal smelters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]