Search

Inequalities serve as fundamental tools for analyzing various important concepts in stochastic differential problems. In this study, we present results on the existence, uniqueness, and averaging principle for fractional neutral stochastic differential equations. We utilize Jensen, Burkholder–Davis–Gundy, Grönwall–Bellman, Hölder, and Chebyshev–Markov inequalities. We generalize results in two ways: first, by extending the existing result for p = 2 to results in the L p space; second, by incorporating the Caputo–Katugampola fractional derivatives, we extend the results established with Caputo fractional derivatives. Additionally, we provide examples to enhance the understanding of the theoretical results we establish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study of biological systems, nonlinear models are commonly employed, although exact solutions are often unattainable. Therefore, it is imperative to develop techniques that offer approximate solutions. This study utilizes the Elzaki residual power series method (ERPSM) to analyze the fractional nonlinear smoking model concerning the Caputo derivative. The outcomes of the proposed technique exhibit good agreement with the Laplace decomposition method, demonstrating that our technique is an excellent alternative to various series solution methods. Our approach utilizes the simple limit principle at zero, making it the easiest way to extract series solutions, while variational iteration, Adomian decomposition, and homotopy perturbation methods require integration. Moreover, our technique is also superior to the residual method by eliminating the need for derivatives, as fractional integration and differentiation are particularly challenging in fractional contexts. Significantly, our technique is simpler than other series solution techniques by not relying on Adomian's and He's polynomials, thereby offering a more efficient way of solving nonlinear problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the power graph of dihedral groups of order 2n, D2n, where n ≥ 3. We show the characteristic polynomial of the power graph corresponding to the adjacency, Laplacian, signless Laplacian, and normalized form of these matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, we use the concepts of contraction mapping to establish the existence and uniqueness results and also study the averaging principle in L p space by using Jensen's, Grönwall–Bellman's, Hölder's, and Burkholder–Davis–Gundy's inequalities, and the interval translation technique for a class of fractional neutral stochastic differential equations. We establish the results within the framework of the Ψ -Caputo derivative. We generalize the two situations of p = 2 and the Caputo derivative with the findings that we obtain. To help with the understanding of the theoretical results, we provide two applied examples at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the non-commuting graph for dihedral groups of order 2n, D2n, where n ≥ 3. We show the spectrum and energy of the graph corresponding to the closeness matrix. The result is that the obtained energy is always twice its spectral radius and is never an odd integer. Moreover, it is classified as hypoenergetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]