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6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a classic neurotoxin that has been widely used in Parkinson's disease research. 6-OHDA can increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can cause cell damage, which can be attenuated with (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment. However, the mechanism by which EGCG alters the 6-OHDA toxicity remains unclear; In this study, we found 6-OHDA (25 μM) alone increased intracellular ROS concentration in N27 cells, which was attenuated by pretreating with EGCG (100 μM). We evaluated the intracellular oxidative damage by determining the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content. 6-OHDA significantly increased TBARS by 82.7% (P <.05) and protein carbonyl content by 47.8 (P <.05), compared to the control. Pretreatment of EGCG decreased TBARS and protein carbonyls by 36.4% (P <.001) and 27.7% (P <.05), respectively, compared to 6-OHDA alone treatment. Antioxidant effect was tested with E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and peroxisome-proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. 6-OHDA increased Nrf2 expression by 69.6% (P <.001), HO-1 by 173.3% (P <.001), and PPARγ by 122.7% (P <.001), compared with untreatment. EGCG pretreatment stabilized these alterations induced by 6-OHDA. Our results suggested that the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA in N27 cells was associated with ROS pathway, whereas pretreatment of EGCG suppressed the ROS generation and deactivated the Nrf2/HO-1 and PPARγ expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the yarn end from the package surface is integral to the textile process. Using the automatic method based on negative pressure adsorption instead of the traditional manual method to capture the yarn end is an excellent solution to the time-consuming and inefficient problems caused by the latter. To clarify the influence of process parameters on the process of the yarn end being adsorbed to break away from the package surface by the suction nozzle, this paper first establishes a kinetic model of the yarn attached to the package surface. Next, the air-yarn interaction is solved using the momentum exchanged-based immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). Then, the effect of the distance between the suction nozzle and the package, the rotational speed of the package, and the airflow velocity in the suction nozzle duct on the movement of the yarn end with the airflow field are studied. Further, the regression model for the depth of the yarn end sucked into the suction nozzle duct when the package turns through a fixed angle is solved. Finally, with the goal of a high success rate, large distance, high efficiency, and energy saving, a multi-parameter optimization is performed using the Central Composite Design-based response surface methodology. The work has been proven effective through experimental validation and practical production applications. It provides a theoretical basis for the automatic process of yarn-end-capturing from the package in the textile field. • The kinetic model of the yarn end being adsorbed to break away from the package surface by airflow is established. • The air-yarn interaction is solved using the momentum exchanged-based immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). • The effects of several process parameters on the movement of the yarn end with the airflow field are studied emphatically. • Multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization are performed by the Central Composite Design-based response surface method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Anode-free sodium batteries (AFSBs) with high energy density and cost-efficiency are practically promising for the transition to clean-energy society. However, application is limited because of low coulombic efficiency (CE) and limited cycle-life, together with a lack of understanding in device energy density and cost. Here we report a critical assessment of selected AFSBs with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) from energy density and cost perspectives, based on commercial 4680 cylindrical construction. We establish reasons for low cycle-life of AFSBs and summarize current research in AFSBs. We confirm energy density range, materials cost, and potential demand for AFSBs via computation based on 4680 battery devices. We show the impact of active sodium ions and cathode active sites on cycle life. We compare the improvements in cycle-life achieved though electrolyte innovation, artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) engineering, current collector modification, and pre-sodiation, along with the resulting energy density. We provide perspectives on likely future research to boost practical application of AFSBs. We conclude that findings will be of benefit in design for anode-free sodium batteries for clean energy storage and of interest therefore to a range of researchers in electrochemistry, materials and device engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Major perioperative complications of stent‐assisted embolization treated for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients include the formation of thromboembolic events (TEs) and hemorrhagic events (HEs), for which antiplatelet protocols play a key role. Methods: We conducted a single‐center retrospective analysis to compare the differences between arteriovenous tirofiban administration with traditional oral dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). A total of 417 consecutive patients were enrolled. General clinical characteristics, as well as the perioperative ischemic and hemorrhagic events, were retracted in digital documents. Logistic regression was conducted to identify both risk and protective factors of perioperative TEs and HEs. Results: Perioperative TEs occurred in 21 patients, with an overall perioperative TEs rate of approximately 5.04%; among these patients, the incidence of perioperative TEs in the tirofiban group was less than that in the DAPT group. Additionally, 66 patients developed perioperative HEs, with an incidence of approximately 15.83%; among these patients, the incidence of perioperative HEs was less than that in the DAPT group. No significant differences were seen between the two groups in terms of the mRS score at the time of discharge. Conclusion: This study indicated that an improved perioperative antiplatelet drug tirofiban was an independent protective factor for perioperative TEs in stent‐assisted embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, but it did not impart an elevated risk of perioperative HEs and had no significant effects on the near‐term prognosis of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The length of internodes plays a crucial role in determining the height of the castor plant (Ricinus communis L.). However, the specific mechanisms underlying internode elongation, particularly in the main stem of the castor plant, remain uncertain. To further investigate this, we conducted a study focusing on the internode tissue of the dwarf castor variety 071113, comparing it with the control high-stalk Zhuansihao. Our study included a cytological observation, physiological measurement, transcriptome sequencing, and metabolic determination. Our integrated findings reveal that the dwarf variety 071113 undergoes an earlier lignification development in the main stem and has a more active lignin synthesis pathway during internode intermediate development. In addition, the dwarf variety exhibited lower levels of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which had an impact on the development process. Furthermore, we identified specific enzymes and regulators that were enriched in the pathways of the cell cycle, auxin signal transduction, and secondary cell wall synthesis. Using these findings, we developed a model that explained the intermediate secondary growth observed in castor internode elongation and enhanced our comprehension of the dwarfing mechanism of the 071113 variety. This research provides a theoretical groundwork for the future breeding of dwarf castor varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A neural network peridynamics is proposed for rubber-like materials. • A neural network is used to establish the mapping relation to force density vectors. • The developed method is free of the zero-energy modes. • The developed method significantly improves the computational efficiency. • The proposed method can be applied to various hyperelastic materials. Peridynamic (PD) is a powerful tool for simulating the large deformation and failure process of many types of materials. However, its use in modeling rubber-like materials is limited due to the complex constitutive nature of the material, and low efficiency and numerical oscillation caused by PD. To address this issue, a neural network (NN) non-ordinary state-based peridynamics (NOSB PD) method is developed to model the large deformation and failure behavior of rubber-like materials. This method is free of the zero-energy modes, and can significantly improve the computational efficiency. Unlike the traditional NOSB PD method that formulates the force density vector based on the deformation gradient, this method uses a deep NN to map the bond related quantities to the force density vector. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated through a series of numerical examples. Additionally, this method can be applied to various hyperelastic materials for which analytical constitutive models exist. [Display omitted] Modeling rubber-like materials through a neural network facilitated peridynamic method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow boiling stands out as an efficient mode of heat transfer with significant potential for reducing carbon footprint. Based on a coupled Volume-of-Fluid and Level Set (VOSET) method, this numerical study reveals the microlayer and its evaporative heat flux distributions, as well as the effects of microlayer evaporation and depletion on bubble dynamic behavior, flow pattern, wall superheat distribution, and boiling crisis for the flow boiling in a mini-channel. These aspects are firstly comprehensively reported by the numerical method. Results indicate that the rapid evaporation of a thin microlayer positioned beneath elongated bubbles significantly contributes to heat dissipation during flow boiling in a mini-channel. The heat flux through the microlayer surpasses 300 kW/m2, accounting for approximately 42% of heat dissipation at 200 kW/m2. Furthermore, this contribution increases to over 70% as the heat flux exceeds 500 kW/m2. As a result, in comparison to scenarios without microlayers, the presence of microlayers results in an average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) that is 3.97 times larger within the range of 200–500 kW/m2. Additionally, microlayer evaporation delays the happening of flow boiling crisis. Without microlayers, the wall superheat exceeds 180 K at 500 kW/m2, whereas under microlayer influence, the maximum local wall superheat is only 37.09 K at 1000 kW/m2. With further increases in heat flux, the emergence of large dry patches resulting from microlayer depletion induces the beginning of heat transfer deterioration. Finally, the ongoing coalescence of elongated bubbles necessitates a prolonged period for rewetting dry patches at the exit of the mini-channel, triggering the flow boiling crisis at 1300 kW/m2. The study results provide crucial guidance for the development and application of the flow boiling heat transfer technology for the thermal management of data centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comprehensive review on numerical simulations of boiling heat transfer from atomistic to mesoscopic and macroscopic scales is presented. • Critical issues related to nanoscale bubble nucleation mechanisms, pool boiling, and flow boiling are highlighted. • Potential solutions and future research in the field of boiling heat transfer using the MDS, LB and CFD methods are proposed. Boiling is an efficient heat transfer mode with significant potential for thermal management in high-power electronic equipment. However, a comprehensive understanding of the boiling process, which encompasses bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, slipping, and detachment across various scales, remains challenging. Molecular dynamics simulation, lattice Boltzmann, and computational fluid dynamics methods are popular and powerful tools for investigating boiling heat transfer phenomena at microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. These methods enable researchers to uncover the underlying boiling mechanisms and propose heat transfer enhancement techniques. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of boiling heat transfer, spanning from atomistic to mesoscopic and macroscopic scales, utilizing these three numerical methods. It addresses critical issues related to nanoscale bubble nucleation mechanisms, pool boiling, and flow boiling, and proposes potential solutions and future researches, supplementing our previous review [Some advances in numerical simulations of multiscale heat transfer problems and particularly for boiling heat transfer, Annu. Rev. Heat Transf., 6 (2022) 217–269]. Besides, by shedding light on the characteristics of these numerical methods in studying boiling heat transfer, this paper aims to foster their development and advance enhanced heat transfer technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A peridynamic model for hyperelastic membrane analysis is developed. • A non-local membrane theory has been developed. • The membrane structure is simulated using a single layer of material points. • A complementary force density is addressed to overcome the boundary effect. • Large deformation and failure analysis of hyperelastic membranes are achieved. In this paper, a non-ordinary state-based peridynamics model (NOSB PD) has been proposed to simulate the large deformation and failure analysis of hyperelastic membranes. To account for the curving horizon of the membrane, a non-local membrane theory has been developed by approximating it as a flat surface and applying the plane stress assumption locally. Thus, the membrane structure is simulated using a single layer of material points, which simplifies implementation, improves efficiency, and avoids volume locking. The Gent model has been employed to simulate the hyperelastic material constitutively, as it has an elegant mathematical framework and can achieve the entire range of stretches. Furthermore, Bond-associate NOSB PD is utilized to overcome zero-energy modes without affecting the material properties. A modification has been addressed to overcome the boundary effect by adding a complementary force density to the boundary nodes. The accuracy of large deformation and incompressibility of the developed models are verified by the corresponding finite element analyses. Finally, the proposed method is demonstrated by presenting some benchmark examples, and the results illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for the large deformation, fracture, and off-plane tearing analyses of hyperelastic membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sepsis is a global public health burden. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the third most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease after heart attacks and strokes. We designed this experiment to investigate the factors influencing DVT formation in patients with sepsis. Methods: In this survey, 918 septic patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital, who underwent DVT screening were enrolled. The data were collected from June 8, 2013 to October 12, 2022. The differences between septic patients with and without DVT were studied from following aspects: basic information, comorbidities, inflammatory cytokines, albumin, source of infection, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, coagulation and prognosis. Main results: In this study, the prevalence of DVT in patients with sepsis was 0.23. Elderly patients with sepsis were prone to DVT (p value < 0.001). In terms of comorbidities, septic patients with hypertension and atrial fibrillation were prone to DVT (p value 0.045 and 0.048). Inflammatory cytokines, such as procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, had no significant correlation with DVT in patients with sepsis (p value 0.364, 0.882, 0.912, 0.789, 0.245, and 0.780). Levels of serum albumin correlated with DVT in patients with sepsis (p value 0.003). The SOFA total score had no relationship with DVT formation (p value 0.254). Coagulation and respiration function were negatively correlated with DVT (p value 0.018). Liver function was positively correlated with DVT (p value 0.020). Patients in the DVT group had longer duration of mechanical ventilation and longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays (p value < 0.001 and 0.006). There was no significant difference in survival in septic patients with and without DVT (p value 0.868). Conclusions: The SOFA total score had no relationship with DVT formation. The function of each organ had different effects on DVT formation. Better coagulation and respiration function, easier DVT formation. Poorer liver function, easier DVT formation. DVT was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and longer ICU stays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a common environmental pollutant, microwave can cause great harms to human health. The development of high-performance microwave absorber with lightweight is indeed necessary. Herein, "rattan-like" graphene-based composite aerogels, having macroscopic pores surrounded by plenty of small pores, were designed and fabricated via an in-situ foaming then carbonized approach. Firstly, graphene oxide (GO), nanocellulose and ferrous ions were integrated into an aerogel with uniform large pores via a freeze-casting method. Then, the aerogel was immersed into a H 2 O 2 solution, during which bubble clusters generated in situ. These bubbles were driven into the stacked GO sheets and formed small pores. With the increase of the H 2 O 2 concentration from 0.5 to 10 wt%, the count percentage of the small pores in the aerogel increased from 81.5 to 95.2%. After the final carbonization, the graphene sheets were dually interconnected with magnetic nanoparticles and carbonized nanocellulose. The unique porous structure and dual-connected networks endowed the aerogel with enhanced conductive loss and optimized impedance matching capacity, and thus an excellent microwave absorption performance, whose maximum reflection loss achieves −68.5 dB. Further, the aerogel also exhibited superior sound absorption performance (noise reduction coefficient up to 0.91 in 1000–6300 Hz), and good mechanical stability. [Display omitted] • An in-situ foaming then carbonized process was developed to controllably fabricate "rattan-like" RGO-based aerogel. • By increasing C H2O2 from 0.5 to 10 wt%, the count percentage of small pores in aerogel increased from 81.5 to 95.2%. • "Rattan-like" structure and dual-connected networks endowed the aerogel with excellent microwave absorption capacity. • The aerogel also exhibited superior sound absorption capacity and good mechanical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease marked by inflammatory cell infiltration and joint damage. The Chinese government has approved the prescription medication sinomenine (SIN), an effective anti-inflammation drug, for treating RA. This study evaluated the possible anti-inflammatory actions of SIN in RA based on bioinformatics analysis and experiments. Six microarray datasets were acquired from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. We used R software to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and perform function evaluations. The CIBERSORT was used to calculate the abundance of 22 infiltrating immune cells. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to discover genes associated with M1 macrophages. Four public datasets were used to predict the genes of SIN. Following that, function enrichment analysis for hub genes was performed. The cytoHubba and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were employed to select hub genes, and their diagnostic effectiveness was predicted using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Molecular docking was undertaken to confirm the affinity between the SIN and hub gene. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of SIN was validated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells line using Western blot and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was identified as the hub M1 macrophages-related biomarker in RA using bioinformatic analysis and molecular docking. Our study indicated that MMP9 took part in IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that SIN suppresses the MMP9 protein overexpression and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line. In conclusion, our work sheds new light on the pathophysiology of RA and identifies MMP9 as a possible RA key gene. In conclusion, the above findings demonstrate that SIN, from an emerging research perspective, might be a potential cost-effective anti-inflammatory medication for treating RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The extent of perihematomal edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significantly impacts patient prognosis, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) exacerbates perihematomal edema. However, the role of peripheral IL‐10 in mitigating BBB disruption through pathways that link peripheral and central nervous system signals remains poorly understood. Methods: Recombinant IL‐10 was administered to ICH model mice via caudal vein injection, an IL‐10‐inhibiting adeno‐associated virus and an IL‐10 receptor knockout plasmid were delivered intraventricularly, and neurobehavioral deficits, perihematomal edema, BBB disruption, and the expression of JAK1 and STAT3 were evaluated. Results: Our study demonstrated that the peripheral cytokine IL‐10 mitigated BBB breakdown, perihematomal edema, and neurobehavioral deficits after ICH and that IL‐10 deficiency reversed these effects, likely through the IL‐10R/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusions: Peripheral IL‐10 has the potential to reduce BBB damage and perihematomal edema following ICH and improve patient prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients have no obvious hematoma lesions but exhibit blood–brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic brain edema. However, there is a few days between blood‒brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic brain edema. The present study sought to investigate whether this phenomenon is caused by endothelial injury induced by the acute astrocytic barrier, also known as the glial limitans. Methods: Bioinformatics analyses of human endothelial cells and astrocytes under hypoxia were performed based on the GEO database. Wild-type, EGLN3 and PKM2 conditional knock-in mice were used to confirm glial limitan formation after SAH. Then, the effect of endothelial EGLN3-PKM2 signaling on temporal and spatial changes in glial limitans was evaluated in both in vivo and in vitro models of SAH. Results: The data indicate that in the acute phase after SAH, astrocytes can form a temporary protective barrier, the glia limitans, around blood vessels that helps maintain barrier function and improve neurological prognosis. Molecular docking studies have shown that endothelial cells and astrocytes can promote glial limitans-based protection against early brain injury through EGLN3/PKM2 signaling and further activation of the PKC/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in astrocytes after SAH. Conclusion: Improving the ability to maintain glial limitans may be a new therapeutic strategy for improving the prognosis of SAH patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread usage of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites imposes serious challenges in disposing of end-of-life and wasted products. Pyrolysis recycling has become an efficient strategy to decompose the resin matrix and extract the fiber, while the bottleneck lies in maintaining the structural integrity and physicochemical properties of the recycled fibers, along with reconstructing corresponding composites with performance efficiency. In this work, a two-step pyrolysis strategy is demonstrated to decompose the resin matrix and remove the carbon residues without damaging the internal structure of the recycled carbon fiber felts (rCFFs), followed by surface modification to facilitate the reconstruction of rCFFs-reinforced phenolic resin composites. The composites achieve remarkable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance in the X band with maximum EMI shielding effectiveness value of 70.5 dB, along with impressive flame-retardant performance under a high heat flux of 50 kW/m2. Besides, more than 80 % EMI shielding effectiveness is maintained after 10 pyrolyzing cycles by optimizing the pyrolysis parameters. Catering to maintaining the intrinsic properties of the recycled carbon fibers by proposing comprehensive recycling strategy, the synthesis of rCFFs-based materials is of great significance for promoting the substitution of pristine EMI shielding counterparts and the practical reutilization of carbon fiber resources. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The HAP-based one-stage PNA was used for high-solid AnMBR permeate treatment. • The average nitrogen removal efficiency was 81.6 % during the operational period. • The maximum phosphorus removal efficiency was achieved when the Ca/P ratio was 2.7. • The nitrogen removal was not influenced for the 90.9 mg-P/L permeate treatment. • Denitrification favored 25.7 % COD removal and led to enhanced nitrogen removal. High-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) are widely applied in solid waste treatment; however, the nutrient removal of the permeate, which possesses high mineral content, nitrogen, and COD concentration, is challenging. In this study, a hydroxyapatite-based one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (HAP-PNA) process was combined with an AnMBR treating concentrated organic sludge for permeate polishing, focusing on the enhancement of phosphorus recovery by influent Ca/P ratio optimization, alkalinity control and the effect of HAP formation on nitrogen removal. The total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of high-solid AnMBR permeate were 737 ± 5 mg/L and 90.9 ± 1.9 mg/L, respectively. The reactor operated at the nitrogen loading rate of 0.73 kg-N/m3/d and realized 81.6% nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and 0.6 kg-N/m3/d nitrogen removal rate. Denitrification reduced the nitrate produced during the anammox reaction, promoting a 25.7% COD removal and improving the NRE. The phosphorus removal efficiency (PRE) and sludge settleability were significantly enhanced by the addition of calcium, and a maximum PRE of 73.2% was achieved when the influent Ca/P ratio was 2.7. The reactor showed high stability and nitrogen removal performance, even when the phosphorus removal rate/nitrogen removal rate ratio was as high as 0.12. This study demonstrates the excellent capability of the one-stage HAP-PNA process for permeate treatment with high phosphorus content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating how cellulose, xylan, and lignin affect nitrogen's migration and transformation during pyrolysis is valuable, as lignocellulose pyrolysis can markedly alter these processes. This paper studied the co-pyrolysis of cellulose/xylan/lignin with urea formaldehyde (UF) using a thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer to assess their interactions. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis experiments of cellulose/xylan/lignin with UF at different temperatures were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. TG analysis indicated that UF co-pyrolyzing with cellulose/xylan enhanced lower-temperature reactions, while it inhibited reactions when co-pyrolyzed with lignin. Co-pyrolysis studies showed xylan addition significantly enhanced char nitrogen retention, whereas lignin promoted nitrogen volatilization. Cellulose, xylan, or lignin incorporation yielded chars with more stable heterocyclic-N. Nitrogen preferentially migrated into the tars within a temperature range of 400 °C to 600 °C, and heterocyclic-N synthesis was efficient between 400 °C and 500 °C. The addition of cellulose or xylan significantly affected the transformation of nitrogenous compounds in tars, while lignin exhibited a relatively weaker influence on this process. • Addition of xylan improved N retention in chars during co-pyrolysis with urea formaldehyde. • Incorporation of lignocellulose resulted in more stable heterocyclic-N in chars during co-pyrolysis. • N preferentially migrated into tars within the 400 °C to 600 °C range during co-pyrolysis. • Addition of cellulose or xylan demonstrated an influence on the N transformation in tars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of depression among people with chronic pain remains unclear due to the heterogeneity of study samples and definitions of depression. We aimed to identify sources of variation in the prevalence of depression among people with chronic pain and generate clinical prediction models to estimate the probability of depression among individuals with chronic pain. Methods: Participants were from the UK Biobank. The primary outcome was a "lifetime" history of depression. The model's performance was evaluated using discrimination (optimism-corrected C statistic) and calibration (calibration plot). Results: Analyses included 24,405 patients with chronic pain (mean age 64.1 years). Among participants with chronic widespread pain, the prevalence of having a "lifetime" history of depression was 45.7% and varied (25.0–66.7%) depending on patient characteristics. The final clinical prediction model (optimism-corrected C statistic: 0.66; good calibration on the calibration plot) included age, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, socioeconomic status, gender, history of asthma, history of heart failure, and history of peripheral artery disease. Among participants with chronic regional pain, the prevalence of having a "lifetime" history of depression was 30.2% and varied (21.4–70.6%) depending on patient characteristics. The final clinical prediction model (optimism-corrected C statistic: 0.65; good calibration on the calibration plot) included age, gender, nature of pain, smoking status, regular opioid use, history of asthma, pain location that bothers you most, and BMI. Conclusions: There was substantial variability in the prevalence of depression among patients with chronic pain. Clinically relevant factors were selected to develop prediction models. Clinicians can use these models to assess patients' treatment needs. These predictors are convenient to collect during daily practice, making it easy for busy clinicians to use them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: No evidence has established a direct causal relationship between early microcirculation disturbance after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and neurological function prognosis, which is the key pathophysiological mechanism of early brain injury (EBI) in patients with aSAH. Methods: A total of 252 patients with aSAH were enrolled in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Southwest Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022 and divided into the no neurological deterioration, early neurological deterioration, and delayed neurological deterioration groups. Indicators of microcirculation disorders in EBI included regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), brain oxygen monitoring, and other clinical parameters for evaluating neurological function and determining the prognosis of patients with aSAH. Results: Our data suggest that the rSO2 is generally lower in patients who develop neurological deterioration than in those who do not and that there is at least one time point in the population of patients who develop neurological deterioration where left and right cerebral hemisphere differences can be significantly monitored by NIRS. An unordered multiple-classification logistic regression model was constructed, and the results revealed that multiple factors were effective predictors of early neurological deterioration: reoperation, history of brain surgery, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade 4–5, Fisher grade 3–4, SAFIRE grade 3–5, abnormal serum sodium and potassium levels, and reduced rSO2 during the perioperative period. However, for delayed neurological deterioration in patients with aSAH, only a history of brain surgery and perioperative RBC count were predictive indicators. Conclusions: The rSO2 concentration in patients with neurological deterioration is generally lower than that in patients without neurological deterioration, and at least one time point in the population with neurological deterioration can be significantly monitored via NIRS. However, further studies are needed to determine the role of microcirculation and other predictive factors in the neurocritical management of EBI after aSAH, as these factors can reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes and mortality during hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying stroke recovery is critical to determine effective interventions for stroke rehabilitation. This study aims to systematically explore how recovery mechanisms post‐stroke differ between individuals with different levels of functional integrity of the ipsilesional corticomotor pathway and motor function. Methods: Eighty‐one stroke survivors and 15 age‐matched healthy adults participated in this study. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), electroencephalography (EEG), and concurrent TMS‐EEG to investigate longitudinal neurophysiological changes post‐stroke, and their relationship with behavioral changes. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the presence of paretic motor evoked potentials and motor function. Results: Functional connectivity was increased dramatically in low‐functioning individuals without elicitable motor evoked potentials (MEPs), which showed a positive effect on motor recovery. Functional connectivity was increased gradually in higher‐functioning individuals without elicitable MEP during stroke recovery and influence from the contralesional hemisphere played a key role in motor recovery. In individuals with elicitable MEPs, negative correlations between interhemispheric functional connectivity and motor function suggest that the influence from the contralesional hemisphere may be detrimental to motor recovery. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate prominent clinical implications for individualized stroke rehabilitation based on both functional integrity of the ipsilesional corticomotor pathway and motor function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modeling research plays a crucial role in grasping the reaction mechanisms and forecasting the performance of lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries. A transient Li–S battery model including continuity, transportation, and reaction kinetics by simultaneously considering the discontinuous deposit of discharge product Li 2 S and the transport limitation in the concentrated electrolyte, is developed to reveal the discharge phenomena. The effects of operating conditions and electrolyte and electrode properties on the discharge behaviors including voltage-capacity curve, energy density, profiles of solid product (ɛ Li2S) and porosity (ɛ) at the cathode are quantitatively studied. It is found that low discharge rate is beneficial to the discharge capacity and utilization of cathode sulfur. Enhancing precipitate (S 8) solubility K sp, S8 and ionic diffusivity D i improves voltage plateau and specific energy to varying degrees; the promotion of voltage plateau will be inconspicuous as electrode conductivity σ is enlarged over 0.1 S/m. With the rise of ɛ from 0.5 to 0.9, the specific capacity and the specific energy are expanded by around 5 times. When lengthening L ca from 20 μm to 60 μm, the specific capacity ascends from 944.5 to 991.5 mAh/g -S , whereas the growth rate of specific capacity and specific energy decreases gradually; the practical total energy almost increases linearly with thickness, yielding a 218.75% enhancement. With a certain period of relaxation, the recovered cell capacity after the high discharge rate is higher than that after the low discharge rate. This work may guide in designing electrodes and electrolytes and provide performance regulation strategies for Li–S batteries. • Numerical model including discontinuous deposit of Li 2 S and the transport limitation is developed. • Effects of electrode and electrolyte properties on Li–S cell discharge behaviors are studied. • Lengthening cathode thickness from 20 μm to 60 μm yields a 218.75% rise in energy capacity. • Recovered capacities are 0.35 Ah, 0.28 Ah, and 0.23 Ah for first discharges at 1C, 0.5C, and 0.2C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The aim was to investigate the neurological complications associated with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) during the 2022 Omicron wave. Methods and analysis: The medical records of a cohort of people admitted to neurological wards of three participating tertiary centres in Sichuan from 12 December 2022 to 12 January 2023 were reviewed. Demographics and clinical data were obtained and analysed with an interest in COVID‐19‐related new‐onset or worse neurological symptoms. The current data were also compared in two centres with similar data from the same period 12 months earlier. Results: In all, 790 people were enrolled, of whom 436 were positive for COVID‐19. Ninety‐nine had new onset COVID‐related neurological problems, or their known neurological condition deteriorated during the wave. There was a significant difference in demographics from the findings amongst admissions 12 months earlier as there was an increase in the average age, the incidence of encephalitis and encephalopathy, and mortality rates. One hundred and one received COVID‐specific antivirals, intravenous glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. No differences were seen between these and those who did not use them. Conclusion: New‐onset neurological conditions, particularly encephalitis and encephalopathy, increased significantly during this period. Deterioration of existing neurological conditions, such as seizure exacerbation, was also observed. A large‐scale treatment trial of people with COVID‐19 infection presenting with neurological disorders is still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]