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Background: p53, the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, lacks effective targeted drugs. Methods: We developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target a p53 hotspot mutation E285K without cross-reactivity with wild-type p53. They were delivered using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) that encapsulate DNA plasmids. Western blot, BLI, flow cytometry, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq), and other methods were employed to assess the function of mAbs in vitro and in vivo. Results: These LNP-pE285K-mAbs in the IgG1 format exhibited a robust anti-tumor effect, facilitating the infiltration of immune cells, including CD8+ T, B, and NK cells. scRNA-seq revealed that IgG1 reduces immune inhibitory signaling, increases MHC signaling from B cells to CD8+ T cells, and enriches anti-tumor T cell and B cell receptor profiles. The E285K-mAbs were also produced in the dimeric IgA (dIgA) format, whose anti-tumor activity depended on the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), a membrane Ig receptor, whereas that of IgG1 relied on TRIM21, an intracellular IgG receptor. Conclusions: Targeting specific mutant epitopes using DNA-encoded and LNP-delivered mAbs represents a potential precision medicine strategy against p53 mutants in TRIM21- or PIGR-positive cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequently, unit disk graphs (UDGs) are used as abstractions of wireless networks. In the paper, we study the problem of finding an extended minimum connected dominating set (E-MCDS) in a wireless network with cooperative communication (CC), which was proposed in Wu et al. (IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 17(8):851–864, 2006) and is NP-hard. We propose a two-phase centralized algorithm to construct an extended connected dominating set (ECDS) for a given UDG with CC. First, we construct a 2-hop extended dominating set (EDS) in the UDG. Then, we add some new nodes into the 2-hop EDS to make it connected. To obtain the performance ratio of this two-phase centralized algorithm, we first give an upper bound on the size of the 2-hop EDS. Using this upper bound, we prove that the size of the ECDS found by the centralized algorithm is no greater than 27.192 opt - 3 or 160 ECDS opt - 3 , where opt and ECDS opt are the sizes of the minimum connected dominating set and the E-MCDS, respectively, in the UDG. Finally, a 160-approximate distributed algorithm based on the two-phase centralized algorithm is proposed, and its message and time complexities are analyzed, both of which are O (n 3) . Simulation results show that our work outperforms competing methods on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting the ocean dynamics is a critical issue for a wide array of climate extremes and environmental crisis. The dynamic variations are traditionally approached by relying on numerical models with all the related physical processes identified beforehand. An efficient alternative forecasting approach is based on the data-driven models. Despite their potential ability in modeling spatio-temporal ocean data, they ignore the fact that the ocean variables in different spatial regions and time periods typically have ever changing influences on each other, thus cannot yield satisfactory prediction results. In this paper, we develop a novel attention based dynamic graph for the ocean variable forecasting problem, which captures both the spatial and temporal dependencies. Specifically, we employ joint self-attention to incorporate information from the spatial graph over the target region, and model the graph evolution across long-range time steps. The performance of the proposed prediction model has been examined in the Indian Ocean based on ocean grid data products datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that this model has significant forecasting capability within 12 months, compared with the numerical methods and the state-of-the-art spatio-temporal embedding baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper systematically investigates the principles of electrospinning technology and summarizes the latest developments in regulating the structure of sensitive materials and enhancing the performance of fiber-based sensors. • Focusing on current challenges such as integration and performance matching of multifunctional sensors, an exhaustive review of the manufacturing methods and sensitive mechanisms of multifunctional sensors is provided. • In addressing the current challenges in the manufacturing of fiber-based single-mode sensors and the integration of multifunctional sensors, recommendations and a forward-looking perspective on future advancements are proposed for the development of multimodal, high-performance sensors. Flexible temperature sensors: A review, Sensors and. Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have developed into a mature and effective method for sensor preparation due to the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, and controllable structure. Despite the abundance of research on electrospun fiber-based sensors in recent years, there remains a notable gap in the literature concerning the comprehensive electrospun fiber preparation process, unimodal sensor applications, and the design and fabrication of multifunctional sensors. This article systematically reviews the progress of electrospinning in multifunctional sensing, exploring various facets of this technology. Starting from the development history of electrospinning, technical principles, material selection, and influence parameters are introduced. The latest research advances in electrospinning on pressure sensing, strain sensing, temperature and humidity sensing, and gas sensing are presented in detail around the performance parameters of high-performance sensors. Importantly, this paper reviews the latest progress in structural design, fabrication methods, and performance optimization. Then, this paper summarizes current technical challenges and offers insights into future research trends in electrospun sensors. This comprehensive review aims to provide practical and theoretical references for the design and fabrication of high-performance fiber-based multifunctional sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ni(Co)Al-N catalyst were successfully prepared by using N doping method. • N enriched basic sites and oxygen vacancies were well developed on the catalyst surface. • The catalytic activity of carbonyl sulfide (COS) hydrolysis was greatly improved. • Basic sites and oxygen vacancies jointly contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity. • COS cannot adsorb on the catalyst surface and the reaction obeyed an E-R mechanism. Catalytic hydrolysis has been considered the most efficient method for the removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS). However, high-efficiency catalyst was urgently desired. In the present work, nitrogen-doped layered hydroxide-derived oxides (Ni(Co)Al-N) were successfully prepared. It was revealed that N enriched basic sites and oxygen vacancies were well developed for the prepared catalyst. And the catalytic activity was improved significantly. Among the catalysts, the NiAl-N catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity (can reach 780 min COS 100 % conversion) and lowest activation energy. The concept of OH generation potential was firstly proposed to evaluate the contribution of basic sites to the improvement of catalytic activity. The OH generation potential was greatly improved due to N doping. More importantly, the enhanced basic property and oxygen defect content jointly contributed to the enhancement of catalytic activity. Besides, COS cannot adsorb on the catalyst surface and the reaction obeyed an E-R mechanism. Namely, H 2 O first adsorbed on basic sites to form OH groups, then COS reacted directly with the formed OH groups, and to generate H 2 S and CO 2 products. HCO 3 – and HSCO 2 − were the main intermediate species, and the rate-determining step was the reaction between OCOSH* and H* to form CO 2 and H 2 S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterproof fabrics, especially those consisting of hydrophobic microfibers, could protect human from severe weather conditions and environments, and thus are wildly used in sportswear, outdoor products, medicinal, and skin care. However, conventional electrospun hydrophobic microfibers usually lack thermoregulatory functions to provide more comfortable environments, and existing techniques to achieve thermoregulation require delicate fabrications and usually reduce their mechanical performance. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a low-cost water doping method to tune the thermoregulatory and tensile performance of electrospun hydrophobic microfibers. Through an emulsification and subsequent emulsion-electrospinning process, water in PMMA microfibers with 25–45 µm large diameter (W/P-L) and that with 2.5–4 µm small diameter (W/P-S) are fabricated to study the effect of water addition. The water, which exhibit high specific heat capacity, improves the material's heat storage capacity. Additionally, the water in hydrophobic microfibers facilitates the formation of a solid-vapor-liquid double interface, thus augmenting the insulating capacity of fibrous membranes and enhancing their thermoregulatory performance. The integration between soft and rigid materials improves the tensile performance of microfibers. Owing to the reliable encapsulation, our water doping method not only enables the fibrous membranes possessing better thermoregulatory and mechanical properties but also retains the excellent water repellency ability of microfiber architecture, thus broadening the potentiality of electrospun fibrous membranes when used as materials for waterproof sportswear, and other outdoor products. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaciers play an important role in understanding the climate, water resources, and surrounding natural change. Baishui River Glacier No. 1, a temperate glacier in the monsoon-influenced Southeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, has experienced significant ablation due to regional warming during the past few decades. However, little is known about the yearly changes in Baishui River Glacier No. 1. To investigate how Baishui River Glacier No. 1 has changed in recent years, digital orthophoto maps and digital elevation models were obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle on 20 October 2018 and 22 July 2021, covering 84% and 47% of the total area, respectively. The results of the Baishui River Glacier No. 1 changes were obtained by differencing the digital elevation models, manual tracking, and terminus-retreat calculation methods. Our results showed that the surveyed area had a mean elevation change of −4.26 m during 2018 and 2021, and the lower area lost more ice than other areas. The terminus of Baishui River Glacier No. 1 has retreated by 16.35 m/a on average, exhibiting spatial variation with latitude. Moreover, we initially found that there was a high correlation between surface velocity and elevation gradient in this high-speed glacier. The surface velocity of Baishui River Glacier No. 1 was derived with the manual feature tracking method and ranged from 10.48 to 32.00 m/a, which is slightly smaller than the seasonal average. However, the snow coverage and ice melting of the two epochs led to the underestimation of our elevation change and velocity results, which need further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) is closely related to the growth, development and stress resistance of plants. Combined with the previous study of GABA to promote the cotton against abiotic stresses, the characteristics and expression patterns of GABA branch gene family laid the foundation for further explaining its role in cotton stress mechanism. Members of GAD, GAB-T and SSADH (three gene families of GABA branch) were identified from the Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii genome. The GABA branch genes were 10 GAD genes, 4 GABA-T genes and 2 SSADH genes. The promoter sequences of genes mainly contains response-related elements such as light, hormone and environment.Phylogenetic analysis shows that GAD indicating that even in the same species, the homologous sequences in the family. The GABA-T gene of each cotton genus was in sum the family had gene loss in the process of dicotyledon evolution. SSADH families Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii were closely related to the dicot plants.GABA gene is involved in the regulation of salt stress and high temperature in Gossypium hirsutum.GABA attenuated part of the abiotic stress damage by increasing leaf protective enzyme activity and reducing reactive oxygen species production.This lays the foundation for a thorough analysis of the mechanism of GABA in cotton stress resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungsten carbide, known for its high hardness and brittleness, presents a challenge in traditional processes due to severe tool wear and shortened tool life, impacting machining efficiency. This paper introduces a hybrid turning method – laser ultrasonically assisted turning (LUAT) – for precision and efficient machining of tungsten carbide. LUAT combines tool ultrasonic vibration with laser-induced workpiece heating to enhance the cutting performance of tungsten carbide. Thermal modeling is utilized to determine suitable LUAT parameters. Comparative experiments are conducted to assess the advantages of LUAT in enhancing tool performance and improving surface quality. Results indicate that, compared to traditional turning, ultrasonically assisted turning, and laser assisted turning, LUAT significantly reduces tool wear and enhances tool lifespan. In LUAT of tungsten carbide, the tool wear on the rake face exhibits long strips parallel to the tool edge, while the flank face presents triangular wear land, shallow pits, and grooves. Investigation into wear characteristics and mechanisms of cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools reveals that adhesion, oxidation, and diffusion are major wear factors, with chipping and tipping being abnormal wear patterns for CBN tools. Intensified tool wear elevates cutting forces and cutting temperatures, deteriorating the surface quality of tungsten carbide turning. However, LUAT mitigates these effects, resulting in lower cutting forces and temperatures within the same wear time, improving surface quality. • CBN tool wear on the rake face was characterized by long strips, and the triangular wear land is formed on the flank face. • Tool wear mechanisms of CBN tool mainly include the adhesion, oxidation, diffusion, tipping and chipping. • With CBN tool wear increases, the cutting force and temperature increase, and the surface quality decreases. • Laser ultrasonically assisted turning of tungsten carbides drastically reduces cutting force, temperature and tool wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]