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With the development of detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope analysis as conventional sedimentological research methods, a large number of studies have been conducted in the Tarim, West Kunlun, Tajik, Pamir and Tianshuihai regions and abundant data have been accumulated. Summarizing these data to characterize sedimentary units and source regions is more important than local studies of specific geological epochs; therefore, we compiled a database of detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope analyses from the Tarim, West Kunlun, Pamir, Tajik and Tianshuihai terranes. The database contains data from 90 papers, including 35,281 individual U–Pb ages and 4,181 Hf isotope analyses. The database records the literature source, petrologic sample information, regional geological information, geographic coordinates and analytical parameters for each data point in as much detail as possible to allow readers to review, process, analyse and use the data. The database relies on the Deep‐time Digital Earth (DDE) platform and uses an open database update system to enable sharing and collaborative building. We encourage other researchers to contribute relevant published data to facilitate wider use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of ATP6AP1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive despite its observed upregulation in pan-cancer. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the clinical significance of ATP6AP1 and its relationship with the immune infiltration in CRC. Transcriptome data of CRC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed using the combination of R packages and tumor-related databases, including TIMER2, TISIDB, cBioPortal, and MethSurv. The tissue arrays and immunohistochemical staining were performed to verify the expression and clinical characteristics of ATP6AP1. The results revealed that ATP6AP1 expression was significantly elevated in CRC and associated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrated ATP6AP1 expression was correlated with the infiltration of immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the microenvironment of CRC. Moreover, ATP6AP1 was found to be linked to various immune checkpoints and chemokines, with enrichment of cytoplasmic vesicle lumen, endopeptidase regulator activity, and endopeptidase inhibitor activity observed in the high ATP6AP1 expressional group. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that ATP6AP1 upregulation may serve as a biomarker for poor diagnosis in CRC and offer a potential target for immunotherapy in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental system is built to study the thermal instability of supercritical CO 2 heated in vertical single-tube. The test section is heated uniformly by a DC power (0–6 kW) and the minimum Reynolds number in the test section inlet is about 8000 (it is much larger than 2300) for all cases. Under given working conditions (mass flow rate G = 240–400 kg/(m2·s), operating pressure P = 7.5–9 MPa, inlet temperature t in = 10–15 °C), the experimental results find that the working parameters generate oscillation instability once the heat flux surpasses a critical value. The maximum amplitude of the wall temperature arises in the zone of heat transfer deterioration. The mass flow rate and local wall temperature have large oscillation amplitude with more than ± 10 %. The results show that the maintenance of oscillation instability requires the existence of phase difference between inlet pressure and mass flow rate. The oscillation instability of supercritical CO 2 flowing is induced by the transition flow between turbulence and full re-laminarization, which is driven by the interaction among the expansion acceleration, buoyancy effect, inertia force, and friction force. An onset boundary of flow instability is proposed by connecting the buoyancy effect, friction force, and thermal acceleration based on hydrodynamic characteristics. The analysis results show that the buoyancy effect is the key factor for the occurrence of thermal oscillation for supercritical CO 2 heated in the vertical single-tube. • The maximum amplitude of wall temperature arises in heat transfer deterioration zone. • The thermal oscillation is caused by the change of flow state and heat transfer mode. • A criterion for judging the onset condition of the thermal oscillation is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronics have attracted great attention in recent years. However, the matching power sources of these flexible electronics now are mostly rigid, greatly hindering the way of all-flexible electronics. Here, a flexible photocatalytic fuel cell (fPFC) was designed to produce a stable energy output (highest power density of 40.1 mW·cm−2·g−1 in artificial sweat) while purify wasted water simultaneously. The fPFC is consisted of TiO 2 /carbon quantum dots (CQDs) photoanode and Ag cathode. The experimental results show that the combination of TiO 2 and CQDs can broaden the range of light absorption of TiO 2. Thus, the photocurrent density of TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC can reach up to 252.3 mA·cm−2·g−1, while the photocurrent density of pure TiO 2 fPFC is 87.4 mA·cm−2·g−1. The photocurrent density of TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC is 188.7% higher than that of TiO 2 fPFC. The maximum power density of TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC in flatting state is about 40.1 mW·cm−2·g−1. This TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC has better performance than fPFC in other literature. Besides, TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC in the bending state can also achieve a good performance. Four fPFCs can be easily constructed into a bracelet and generate electricity, and there is no significant change in opening voltage under flatting and bending states. This eco-friendly system has great potential in energy conservation and portable electronics, and can be applied in the following aspects: (i) wearable technology that utilizes organic waste for power generation; (ii) flexible configuration of traditional sewage treatment. A flexible photocatalytic fuel cell (fPFC) based on TiO 2 /carbon quantum dots (CQDs) photoanode has been fabricated for treating organic waste and efficiently generating electricity. The bracelet made by four bending fPFCs in series still has a high photocurrent density and power density. [Display omitted] • The prepared TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC has good performance in bending. • TiO 2 /CQDs broadens the light absorption range of pure TiO 2. • TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC can treat organic waste and produce electricity efficiently. • The TiO 2 /CQDs fPFC has high photocurrent density (252.3 mA·cm−2·g−1) and power density (40.1 mW·cm−2·g−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• N addition had a negative effect on soil microbial biomass. • P addition had a positive effect on soil microbial biomass. • The additive effect dominated the interactive effects on soil microbial biomass. • The responses to interactive effects were largely dependent on changes in soil pH. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key components in biogeochemical cycling and considerable efforts have been made to understand the effects of their availability on microbial biomass. Nevertheless, the interplay between N and P supply in modulating soil microbes remains unclear. We conducted a comprehensive global analysis of 108 studies spanning boreal to tropical regions to evaluate their interactive impacts on microbial biomass. The findings revealed a significant decrease in microbial biomass with N addition, whereas P supplementation resulted in a notable increase in microbial biomass. Among the observed interactive effects, additive effects were predominant. More importantly, we found that among all of the assessed factors, the impacts of N-P interaction on soil microorganisms are dependent on changes in soil pH. In conclusion, our findings provide valuable insights into the interactive effects of N and P enrichment on microbial biomass. These findings will contribute to the development of global models that predict the impacts of N and P enrichment on soil microbes and ecosystem functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermittent cold stimulation (ICS) enhances broilers' resistance to cold stress. Nonetheless, further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms that enhance cold stress resistance. A total of 160 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 2 groups (CC and CS5), with the CC group managing temperature according to the standard for broiler growth stages, while the CS5 group were subjected to cold stimulation at a temperature 3℃ lower than the CC group for 5 h, every 2 d from 15 to 35 d. Sampling was conducted at 36 d (36D), 50 d (50D) and after acute cold stress for 24 h (Y24). First, we examined the effects of ICS on broiler growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism. The results demonstrated that ICS enhanced the performance of broilers to a certain degree. Specifically, the average weight gain in the CS5 group was significantly higher than that of the CC group, and the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased compared to CC at 4 W and 6 W (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CC group, cold stimulation significantly reduced drip loss, shearing force, and yellowness (a* value) of chicken meat, while significantly increased redness (b* value) (P ≤ 0.05). At Y24, the levels of T-AOC and GSH-PX in the serum of the CS5 group were significantly higher than those of the CC group, while the level of MDA was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05). The content of TG, FFA, and VLDL in the serum of the CS5 group was significantly elevated, whereas the level of TC and HDL was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, we further explored whether AMPK-mTOR pathway is involved in the regulation of changes in lipid metabolism and the possible regulatory mechanisms downstream of the signaling pathway. The results showed that ICS significantly upregulated the expression levels of AMPK mRNA and protein in the liver of the CS5 group at 36D and Y24, while significantly down-regulating mTOR (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with the CC group, ICS significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of lipid synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (SREBP1c, FAS, SCD, ACC, GRP78 and PERK) at 36D and Y24, while significantly up-regulating the mRNA expression levels of lipid decomposition and autophagy-related genes (PPAR and LC3) (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, at Y24, the protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GRP78) in the CS5 group were significantly lower, while autophagy-related genes (LC3 and ATG7) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). ICS can affect meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers, and when broilers are subjected to acute cold stress, broilers trained with cold stimulation have stronger lipid metabolism capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a new crosslinking (CXL) method, induced by enzymes, on porcine corneas. Corneal strip (10x3 mm) pairs obtained from 60 fresh porcine eyes were harvested and divided into four groups, Groups A-D. Each pair of corneal strips was incised from the central part of the same cornea; one was incubated in transglutaminase (Tgase) solution (microbial Tgase 2 produced by tissue engineering) and the other remained untreated as a control. CXL strips of Groups A-D were incubated with 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 U/ml Tgase solution, respectively at 37˚C for 30 min. After that, tensile strain measurements were performed for all strips. One cornea from each group was chosen randomly for hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson staining to identify histological morphology changes. The elastic modulus of treated corneas of Groups A-D were 6.56±2.93, 4.72±1.29, 5.24±2.13 and 3.48±1.60 MPa (mean ± SD), respectively at a strain of 20%, and had a 66, 43, 36 and -6% increase compared with those of their control strips. Compared with the control strips, the elastic modulus of the treated strips significantly increased in Groups A-C. The central corneal thickness of the treated corneas in Groups A-D were 1.54±0.14, 1.41±0.15, 1.47±0.11 and 1.43±0.13 µm, respectively; however, there was not a statistically significant difference compared with the control group. No reduction in corneal transparency was observed, and no obvious abnormalities were found in corneal morphology. CXL mediated by enzymes can lead to a notable enhancement in the biomechanical characteristics of the cornea while maintaining its structural integrity. Enzyme-induced CXL could be a new generation CXL method for strengthening the cornea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The emergence of deterioration and oscillation relates with the change of flow state. • Oscillation is driven by transition flow between partial and full re-laminarization. • The estimation criteria of HTD and oscillation are given with shearing-stress model. Trans-critical CO 2 Rankine cycle has great potential in converting low-grade heat into electricity, because of its good temperature glide matching between working medium and heat source. However, the drastic variation in thermo-physical properties of CO 2 around the pseudo-critical region causes the abnormal flow and heat transfer behaviors. In this paper, the heat transfer deterioration and thermal oscillation in the heat addition of trans-critical CO 2 cycle are investigated by experiments. The test section is heated uniformly by a DC power (0∼6 kW) and the minimum Reynolds number in the test section inlet is about 8000 (it is much larger than 2300) for the all cases. A shear stress reconstruction model is corrected by introducing the velocity profile of turbulence in the boundary layer to attempt to provide a quantitative criterion for deterioration and oscillation. The role of buoyancy and thermal acceleration in heat transfer deterioration and thermal oscillation is elucidated by connecting the shearing-stress reconstruction model and experimental results. It is found that, the thermal acceleration in the near-wall zone provides the key motivation to drive the heat transfer deterioration. The thermal oscillation is driven by the transition between partial and full re-laminarization flows in the local zone of heat transfer deterioration. When ( Δ τ a / τ w) < 1 & ( Δ τ / τ w) t o t > 1 or 0.1 < ( Δ τ / τ w) t o t < 1 , the turbulence is partially re-laminarized. When ( Δ τ a / τ w) > 1 & ( Δ τ a / τ w) > > ( Δ τ b o / τ w) , the intense thermal acceleration causes the turbulence to be fully re-laminarized in the near-wall zone and it maintains the new laminar boundary. The turbulence is partially re-laminarized in the lower boundary and it is almost full re-laminarization in the upper boundary of the oscillation wall temperatures. The results confirm that the emergence of heat transfer deterioration and oscillation instability in mixed turbulent convective relate with the change of flow states caused by acceleration and buoyancy effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different pulse frequencies on the microstructure grain size and solid solubility of Al-9Si alloy were systematically investigated using OM, SEM, and EDS. The impact on the mechanical properties of the alloy was analyzed using a micro-Vickers hardness tester and multifunctional friction tester. During solidification, the Al-9Si alloy is exposed to high-frequency electric current pulses with a current density of 300 A/cm2 and frequencies of 0 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz. The experimental results show that the Lorentz force also increases as the high-frequency pulse frequency increases. Intense electromagnetic stirring leads to grain refinement. However, as the pulse frequency continues to grow, the combined effect of Joule heating and Lorentz force results in an enlargement of the melt zone and an increase in grain size. At a pulse frequency of 1000 Hz, the eutectic structure size of the Al-9Si alloy is optimal, with the average size being reduced to 13.87 μm and a dense distribution, effectively eliminating primary Si. The EDS results revealed that the high-frequency pulse led to a more uniform distribution of Si elements within the matrix, and the solid solubility of Si in the α-Al matrix increased to a maximum value of 1.99%, representing a 39.2% increase. At a pulse frequency of 1000 Hz, the sample demonstrates the most favorable mechanical properties, with the friction coefficient reaching a minimum value of 0.302, representing a 37.7% decrease in the average friction coefficient. The results demonstrate that high-frequency pulsing is an effective method for enhancing the mechanical properties of Al-9Si alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Study on comfort and energy savings through human-centric design. • Probing smart textiles' role in heat transfer management. • Examining radiative, conductive responses in thermoregulating systems. • Assessing pros and cons of advanced thermoregulating materials. • Future research scope in polymer-based thermoregulating apparel. This review addresses the burgeoning field of thermoregulating textiles, highlighting their role in enhancing human thermal comfort and reducing building energy consumption. It delves into the development and application of smart textiles, leveraging novel materials and methods to regulate heat transfer between human skin and the environment. The review systematically explores various thermoregulating strategies, including radiative, conductive and responsive mechanisms in both active/passive and bidirectional textile systems. It provides a critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of these smart textiles and identifies crucial challenges in the field. Furthermore, it offers forward-looking insights into future research trajectories in the rapidly evolving domain of advanced thermoregulating clothing. The roadmap for future development in thermoregulating textiles includes enhancing current materials, innovating new solutions and ultimately establishing global standards for widespread, versatile applications across various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disulfidptosis, a newly identified mode of programmed cell death, is yet to be comprehensively elucidated with respect to its multi-omics characteristics in tumors, specific pathogenic mechanisms, and antitumor functions in liver cancer. This study included 10,327 tumor and normal tissue samples from 33 cancer types. In-depth analyses using various bioinformatics tools revealed widespread dysregulation of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in pan-cancer and significant associations with prognosis, genetic variations, tumor stemness, methylation levels, and drug sensitivity. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression and LASSO regression were used to screen and construct prognosis-related hub DRGs and predictive models in the context of liver cancer. Subsequently, single cell analysis was conducted to investigate the subcellular localization of RPN1, a hub DRG, in various solid tumors. Western blotting was performed to validate the expression of RPN1 at both cellular and tissue levels. Additionally, functional experiments, including CCK8, EdU, clone, and transwell assays, indicated that RPN1 knockdown promoted the proliferative and invasive capacities of liver cancer cells. Therefore, this study elucidated the multi-omics characteristics of DRGs in pan-cancer and established a prognostic model for liver cancer. Additionally, this study revealed the molecular functions of RPN1 in liver cancer, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detrital composition of sandstone is the most important data for siliciclastic studies including sandstone classification, provenance analysis, oil and gas exploration. A large amount of detrital composition data has accumulated over the past decades, however, they are scattered in publications without unified standards. Here we constructed a global dataset of detrital components of sandstones from 646 peer‐reviewed publications using Gazzi‐Dickinson method. A total of 19,861 samples from Precambrian to Quaternary are involved in this dataset. For each sample, we present details on reference information, geographic information, geological background, depositional age and the original data. It is a high‐quality dataset for the information on each sandstone sample from different studies which was standardized. The dataset can be used widely, such as for stratigraphic comparison, provenance analysis, exploring the general laws of the source‐to‐sink process and geological engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the myocardial inflammatory response during pathological events varies between males and females. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these sex differences remain elusive. CD73/adenosine axis has been linked to anti-inflammatory responses, but its sex-specific cardioprotective role is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether the CD73/adenosine axis elicits sex-dependent cardioprotection during metabolic changes and myocarditis induced by hypobaric hypoxia. Methods: For 7 days, male and female mice received daily injections of the CD73 inhibitor adenosine 5′- (α, β-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) 10 mg/kg/day while they were kept under normobaric normoxic and hypobaric hypoxic conditions. We evaluated the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on the CD73/adenosine axis, myocardial hypertrophy, and cardiac electrical activity and function. In addition, metabolic homeostasis and immunoregulation were investigated to clarify the sex-dependent cardioprotection of the CD73/adenosine axis. Results: Hypobaric hypoxia-induced cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling were more pronounced in male mice. Also, male mice had hyperactivity of the CD73/adenosine axis, which aggravated myocarditis and metabolic shift compared to female mice. In addition, CD73 inhibition triggered prostatic acid phosphatase ectonucleotidase enzymatic activity to sustain adenosine overproduction in male mice but not in female mice. Moreover, dual inhibition prostatic acid phosphatase and CD73 enzymatic activities in male mice moderated adenosine content, alleviating glycolytic shift and proinflammatory response. Conclusion: The CD73/adenosine axis confers a sex-dependent cardioprotection. In addition, extracellular adenosine production in the hearts of male mice is influenced by prostatic acid phosphatase and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of intermittent cold stimulation on cardiac energy metabolism and cold resistance of broilers, 288 broilers were divided into 3 groups: control group (CC) and 2 cold stimulation groups (CS3 and CS9). The CS3 and CS9 groups received cold stimulation at temperatures of 3°C and 9°C lower than CC group for 5 h from d 15 to 35. Three groups were subjected to acute cold stress (ACS) of 10°C for 12 and 24 h at 44 d. Performance, cardiac histopathological changes, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and lipid metabolism levels were measured. Results showed that the performance was not different among groups at 22 and 29 d (P > 0.05), but the mRNA levels of Acyl CoA synthase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) and acyl-coenzyme oxidase (ACO) in CS group were upregulated compared to CC group (P < 0.05). At 36 d, the performance of the CS3 group was better than the other 2 groups, myocardial structure was normal and other lipid metabolism indexes, except for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) levels, were similar to those of CC group (P > 0.05). The myocardial fiber disorder, Triglyceride (TG), and leptin (LEP) contents were significantly lower in CS9 group than in CC and CS3 groups at 36 d (P < 0.05). The HSP protein levels were significantly higher in CS group than in CC group before ACS (P < 0.05). After 24 h of ACS, the mRNA of lipid metabolism genes, the protein levels of HSP40 and HSP60, and the contents of TG and LEP in the CS3 group were upregulated compared to other groups. The CC and CS9 groups showed myocardial structure was destroyed, with lower TG and LEP levels compared to before ACS (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stimulation at 3°C lower than the normal feeding temperature for 5 h did not impair performance but can increase the resistance of broilers to ACS by promoting lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of drought stress on plant growth in arid regions is a critical concern, necessitating the exploration of strategies to enhance plant drought resistance, particularly during the early stages of drought stress. This study focuses on the ectomycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum, renowned for its extensive genetic diversity and broad host compatibility, making it a crucial ally for host plants facing external stresses. We utilized Pinus massoniana seedlings inoculated with different ecotypic strains of C. geophilum under drought stress. The results showed that the inoculation of most strains of C. geophilum enhanced the drought resistance of P. massoniana seedlings under the early stages of drought stress, by influencing the water content, photosynthesis, accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances, and antioxidant enzyme activities in both shoots and roots of seedlings. Transcriptome analysis showed that mycorrhizal seedlings mainly regulated energy metabolism and reduction–oxidation reaction to resist early drought stress. Notably, the level of drought resistance observed in mycorrhizal seedlings was irrespective of the level of drought tolerance of C. geophilum strains. This study contributes essential data for understanding the drought response mechanisms of mycorrhizal P. massoniana seedlings inoculated by distinct C. geophilum ecotypes and guidance on selecting candidate species of ectomycorrhizal fungi for mycorrhizal afforestation in drought areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nitrogen doping optimizes intermediate adsorption on carbon-supported Pd (Pd/N-PC) • Non-electronic Pd-N synergy improves deuterium/hydrogen evolution activity further. • Mass-normalized activity of Pd/N-PC is up to 11 times higher than commercial Pt/C. • Pd/N-PC shows high stability at 100 mA cm−2 in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. • Pd/N-PC achieves unprecedentedly low hydrogen evolution overpotential. In deuterium evolution reaction (DER), the strong D-O bond results in suboptimal performance of traditional Pt-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, a rarely addressed issue. As a potential replacement of Pt, Pd is usually less active in DER/HER. Herein, we demonstrate superior activity and stability of Pd nanoparticles effected by controlled metal-support interaction with nitrogen-doped porous carbon (N-PC). The Pd/N-PC catalyst exhibited ultralow overpotentials of 40.6 mV (4.1 mV) and 42.5 mV (15.5 mV) at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M NaOD (NaOH) and 0.5 M D 2 SO 4 (H 2 SO 4), respectively, outperforming commercial Pt/C by up to 11 times in terms of mass-normalized activity. Altered strength of H/D adsorption, large active surface area, and optimized synergistic effects between Pd and nitrogen sites were found responsible for the enhanced activity. This work provides guidance on the development of high-performance Pd-based electrocatalysts and serves as a reference for future study on DER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new method was developed to prepare flexible and wearable gas sensors. • A new detection technique for ppb-level C 2 H 4 gas at room temperature (25 °C) was achieved. • The sensing mechanism of PdNPs-SWCNTs@Cu-MOF-74 nanocomposite was studied. • The SPM/AIEFP sensor has been successfully used for monitoring fruit spoilage. A chemiresistive ethylene gas sensor was fabricated for fruit wearable based on SWCNTs/PdNPs/Cu-MOF-74 (SPM) nanocomposite which was attached to a flexible PET substrate (AIEFP) for dynamic monitoring of the freshness of kiwi at room temperature (25 °C). The electrodes are printed on PET substrate by laser direct writing method, which makes the SPM/AIEFP sensor wearable to be attached to the target and achieve accurate in-situ online detection. The sensing mechanism depends on the widely recognized theory of adsorbed oxygen, in which SWCNTs provide a path for charge transfer between materials, PdNPs improve the response by catalyzing the cracking of ethylene double bond and the formation of adsorbed oxygen, and the selective bonding of Cu-MOF-74 and ethylene provides selectivity. The selectivity of the proposed SPM/AIEFP sensor has been proved. Besides, the key parameters of the sensor fabrication were optimized, and the sensing performance was investigated. Finally, the SPM/AIEFP sensor was successfully utilized to determine the ripeness and corruption of kiwifruit in real-time, indicating that the SPM/AIEFP sensor is a good candidate tool for detecting fruit freshness during transportation and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil loss is an environmental concern of global importance. Accurate simulation of soil loss in small watersheds is crucial for protecting the environment and implementing soil and water conservation measures. However, predicting soil loss while meeting the criteria of high precision, efficiency, and generalizability remains a challenge. Therefore, this study first used three machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely, random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN) to develop soil loss models and predict soil loss rates (SLRs). These soil loss models were constructed using field observation data with an average SLR of 1756.48 t/km2 from rainfall events and small watersheds in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau, China. During training, testing and generalizability stages, the average coefficients of determination from the RF, SVM, and ANN models were 0.903, 0.860, and 0.836, respectively. Similarly, the average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients of efficiency from the RF, SVM and ANN models were 0.893, 0.791 and 0.814, respectively. These results indicated that MLs have superior predictive performance and generalizability, and broad prospects for predicting SLRs. This study also demonstrated that the RF model outperformed better than the SVM and ANN models. Therefore, the RF model was used to simulate the SLR of each small watershed in the Chabagou watershed. Our results showed the four-year (2017–2020) average annual SLR of the small watersheds ranged from 0.73 to 1.63 × 104 t/(km2∙a) in the Chabagou watershed. Additionally, the results also indicated the SLR of small watersheds under the rainstorm event with a 100-year recurrence interval was 4.4–51.3 times that of other rainfall events.Furthermore, this study confirmed that bare land was the predominant source of soil loss in the Chabagou watershed, followed by cropland land and grassland. This study helps to provide the theoretical basis for deploying soil and water conservation measures to realize the sustainable utilization of soil resources in the future. [Display omitted] • Three machine learning algorithms were first used to build soil loss models. • Random forest demonstrated the most favorable performance for soil loss modeling. • Soil loss caused by rainstorms was 4.4–51.3 times that of other rainfall events. • Bare land was the predominant source of soil loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the potential protective effect of intermittent cold stimulation on lung tissues of broilers exposed to acute cold stress (ACS). A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were assigned to 4 experimental groups with 6 replicates of 16 birds each: control (CON) and ACS groups were reared at normal feeding temperature from d 1 to 42; cold treatment groups (CS3+ACS and CS9+ACS) were reared, respectively, at 3°C or 9°C for 5 h on alternate days below the CON group from d 15 to 35. Animals in CS3+ACS, CS9+ACS, and ACS groups were exposed at 10°C for 24 h on d 43. Subsequently, lung tissues were collected to perform histopathological examination and measurement of relevant indexes. The results showed that lung tissues in CS9+ACS and ACS groups exhibited increased inflammatory cell infiltrates and collagen deposition compared to the CON group, while this pathological phenomenon was less pronounced in the CS3+ACS group. Compared to CON group, H 2 O 2 and MDA contents were increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, T-AOC) were reduced in CS9+ACS and ACS group (P < 0.05); mRNA and protein levels of inhibitor of NF-κB, Smad7, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2, MMP9, and antioxidant-related genes were downregulated, whereas mRNA and protein levels of genes related to NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-regulated inflammation and TGF-β1/Smad pathway-regulated fibrosis were upregulated in cold-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, and MMP9 were increased in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of most antioxidant-related genes was increased, and that of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes was reduced in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stress caused oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to pulmonary fibrosis in broilers, whereas intermittent mild cold stimulation at 3°C below normal rearing temperature alleviated fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway modulated by the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This study suggests that intermittent mild cold stimulation can be a potential strategy to reduce ACS-induced lung damage in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]