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[Display omitted] • A novel Cu/NBC was fabricated by modifying N-doped biochar with Cu MOF-derived Cu. • Cu/NBC exhibited superior desulfurization capacity of 158.28 mg/g at low temperature. • The main desulfurization products of H 2 S were composed of sulfur and copper sulfide. • Desulfurization mechanism involved synergistic catalytic oxidation and adsorption. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a highly toxic and corrosive gas that poses significant risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, the development of an adsorbent capable of efficiently purifying H 2 S at room temperature remains a challenging task. In this study, a novel composite adsorbent with a specific surface area of 434 m2·g−1 was fabricated by modifying porous N-doped biochar with Cu nanoparticles (Cu/NBC) derived from Cu-MOFs for low-temperature desulfurization of H 2 S. The effect of pyrolysis temperature and the doping ratio of Cu-MOFs to biochar on the desulfurization performance of H 2 S for the as-prepared Cu/NBC was comprehensively investigated. Experimental results indicated that the desulfurization capability of the optimized Cu/NBC-600-1 adsorbent (synthesized at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C and a doping ratio of 1:1) was significantly affected by the desulfurization conditions, and the optimal conditions were determined to be at 25 °C, with 20 % oxygen content and 70 % relative humidity. Under the optimized conditions, the Cu/NBC-600-1 adsorbent exhibited a high H 2 S removal capacity of 158.28 mg·g−1, which was about 3.8 times higher than that of the pristine N-doped biochar. The desulfurization mechanism of the Cu/NBC composite was demonstrated to involve reactive adsorption and catalytic oxidation, resulting in the formation of elemental sulfur and copper sulfides as the main products. This study not only provides a promising approach to modify porous biochar with MOF derivatives, but also offers an effective strategy to remove low concentration H 2 S at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]