104 results
Search Results
2. POLITICAL AND LEGAL COMMITTEE OF THE LEIBO COUNTY PARTY COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA invites tenders for Paper Procurement Project
- Subjects
Political parties ,Purchasing ,Communism ,News, opinion and commentary ,Communist Party of China - Abstract
POLITICAL AND LEGAL COMMITTEE OF THE LEIBO COUNTY PARTY COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA, China has invited tenders for Paper Procurement Project. Tender Notice No: N5134372024000060 Deadline: July [...]
- Published
- 2024
3. Prisoner in the cage of history? Its influence in understanding the current tolerance of bribery in Romania.
- Author
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Plopeanu, Aurelian-Petruș and Homocianu, Daniel
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PUBLIC opinion ,TOLERATION ,BRIBERY ,REGIONAL disparities ,COMMUNIST parties ,PRISONERS ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
Our paper examines the influence of the historical legacy regarding the impact of the border of the former Habsburg Empire, the former political membership of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), and perceptions about the communist past - in understanding the current tolerance of bribery in Romania, more than 25 years after the fall of communism. We started from an existing background suggesting that in the aftermath of the fall of communism, Romania underwent significant socio-economic changes, with persisting regional disparities accentuated by historical and cultural legacies. Using representative data from the European and World Values Survey joint dataset v.2.0, other relevant sources (Public Opinion Barometer from 2000 and 2007), variable selection and analysis methods based on DK/NA value treatment, binary derivations, the LASSO pack in Stata 17.0 together with different types of regressions including OLS, binary and ordered logistic ones, cross-validations both random and based on wellestablished criteria (mixed-effects modeling), and collinearity removal techniques based on maximum accepted values of the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), the results highlight that respondents from certain Romanian macro-regions that experienced higher levels of membership in the PCR and positive views about communism are less likely to be tolerant of bribery. It appears that if the region of residence was part of the former Habsburg Empire, current intentions for bribery are higher. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the propensity to bribe is negatively affected by current macro elements, such as higher crime levels, material deprivation, urban connectivity or lower levels of migration abroad, and left-wing voting preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. THE IMPACT OF MENTAL MODELS ON THE TRANSITION FROM COMMUNISM TO CAPITALISM. THE COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF AZERBAIJAN AND POLAND.
- Author
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Pashazade, Nurlan
- Subjects
COMMUNISM ,CAPITALISM ,POLITICAL systems ,SECONDARY analysis - Abstract
The purpose of the article. The breakdown of the so-called Eastern Bloc, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and the demise of communism fueled transition processes in Central and Eastern Europe, Western Asia, and Central Asia. The great majority of transformation difficulties across different areas demonstrate that when pursuing the process of a structural change, it is important to take into account diverse sets of formal and informal institutions preserved in each country. Each country has a unique set of formal and informal institutions. These differences are easily observed between Poland and Azerbaijan. The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the outcomes of Poland and Azerbaijan's transitions from communism to capitalism and to identify the primary factors driving these two different transformations. Methodology. The paper presents two complementary methods to compare the transitions from communism to capitalism in Poland and Azerbaijan. The first method involves secondary analysis, where existing data from reputable sources such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) database, the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI), and country reports are compiled to provide insights into economic, political, and social indicators. Additionally, a comparative case study approach is employed, using Geert Hofstede's six cultural dimensions framework to explore the cultural influences on transition outcomes. By integrating these methods, the study aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the transformation processes in Poland and Azerbaijan. Results of the research. The results of the analysis presented in the paper support the hypothesis that the historically-shaped differences in mental models and strong ties to international protectors determined the paths of transformations in Poland and Azerbaijan. The primary similarities and contrasts in the mindset are justified by the colonial or imperial history of the nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. How do the Chinese Gaokao tests narrate the history of other countries? A textual analysis of "the other" in official representations of history.
- Author
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Wang, Ying, Song, Zhou, and Lu, Ye
- Subjects
COLLEGE entrance examinations ,CONTENT analysis ,COMMUNISM ,HISTORICAL literacy ,MATERIALS testing - Abstract
This study examined how other countries were portrayed in the history test paper of the Chinese National College Entrance Exam, or Gaokao, over the past four decades. A qualitative study was conducted on the questions from history exams administered from 1978 to 2021. The contents of these questions were analyzed and synthesized into historical narratives, and six thematic narratives were identified in the test material: Humiliation and Resistance, War Changes History, the World Community, the Celestial Empire, Social Formations and Politics, and Communism. The study found that the history questions not only presented historical knowledge but also included an official understanding of history. The findings suggest that the Chinese government strengthened the ideological work of socialism with Chinese characteristics, shaping the legitimacy of Chinese communist rule and strengthening nationalist education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Mapping the Changing Notions of Inequality Among the Trade Union Leaders of Colonial Bengal (1920–1947).
- Author
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Sen, Manaswini
- Subjects
BRITISH occupation of India, 1765-1947 ,WEALTH inequality ,INCOME inequality ,DEVELOPING countries ,INTELLECTUAL history ,CASTE ,SOCIAL conflict - Abstract
This paper envisages how the concept of 'Inequality' has been perceived by the Trade Unionists in late colonial Bengal. Informed by the ideology of Communism, these activists penned down a myriad of insightful analytical tracts, primarily in vernaculars, ranging from propaganda pamphlets to articles in the party organs. Their critique of Imperialism, and how it precipitates economic and socio-political inequalities was grafted in the ethos of class struggle. Through delineating their stark ideological differences with Gandhian mass politics, and by focusing on their intellectual endeavours concerning various structural inequalities of class, religion, caste, and gender it aims at charting out the indigenous response to the global doctrine of Communism. Often overlooked as conventional intellectuals, their literature brings to fore an alternative discourse on anti-colonialism in South Asia, overwhelmed by the theme of Nationalism. This paper is a methodological probe in doing intellectual history from below, adding to the edifice of the existing scholarship on Decolonisation, Communism, and Inequality in the Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Life after the Comintern: Co-ordination across the British Commonwealth during the 'Empire Conferences'.
- Author
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Billam, Gregory
- Subjects
IMPERIALISM ,COMMUNIST parties ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,COMMUNISM ,SOCIALISM ,BRITISH colonies - Abstract
Following the dissolution of the Comintern, the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was given the responsibility to co-ordinate socialist and anti-colonial activism across the British Commonwealth. This paper argues that the 1947 and 1954 Communist Parties of Empire Conferences are illustrative of the new-found importance of developing networks across Britain's empire in the post-war period. The Empire Conferences served as a body for the exchange of ideas, people and knowledge, and in some cases involved promises of financial resources. The paper will argue that the conferences were conducted on two levels. First, using the networks formed during the Comintern, they were an attempt to co-ordinate and function as a hub for activity across the Commonwealth. Second, in line with the 'transnational turn' in the area, the Conferences highlight the transmission of ideas across the international movement, showing the difficulties faced by individual parties, as well as opportunities for development and collaboration. In 1947, the CPGB was adrift from many of its sister parties over the vibrancy of its anti-imperial activism. Similarly, seven years later, whilst its anti-colonial activism had become more prominent, the CPGB was again criticised for its assumption of a 'fraternal association' between the empire's centre and its former colonies. The paper aims to shed light on the increasingly prominent divisions in cold-war international communism, and the transnational dimension of communist relations within the British Commonwealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
8. Travel as a social and political practice: The case of the Greek communist Miltiadis Porfyrogenis.
- Author
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Koukouna, Anastasia
- Subjects
POLITICAL elites ,COMMUNISTS ,COMMUNISM ,COMMUNICATIVE competence ,COMMUNIST parties ,VOYAGES & travels ,TRAVEL websites - Abstract
Miltiadis Porfyrogenis, a Greek lawyer and communist leader (1903-1958), stood out among the select few high-ranking members of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) who boasted academic credentials, fluency in several foreign languages, adept communication skills, and a social stature that facilitated dialogue with fellow travellers, bourgeois politicians, and figures from diverse national backgrounds. Delving into Porphyrogenis's extensive travels, spanning from the early days of his involvement in communism in the late 1920s to the 1950s, this paper endeavours to underscore the pivotal role of travel as a formative experience that profoundly shaped the communist cadres during the Stalinist era. Moreover, it contends that, in Porphyrogenis's case, these travels encompassed not only political but also social and personal dimensions, and played a significant role in moulding a distinct lifestyle for the party elite, distinct from that of simple party members. By discussing Porfyrogenis's mobility, this paper seeks to situate his trajectory and the Greek communist movement within contemporary historiographical debate, addressing both the experience of communist activism and its broader transnational dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
9. „Odstřel se nekoná.“1 (Ne)úřední vyjednávání jako hybná síla v pozadí rekonstrukce kulturní památky v Československu po roce 1948.
- Author
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Limberský, Jan
- Subjects
NEGOTIATION ,MONUMENTS ,CASTLES ,ARGUMENT ,ACTORS - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explore the forms of official and unofficial negotiation, using the rescue of the Staré Hrady castle, renovated between 1949 and 1993, as a case in point. The paper first outlines the earlier history and current situation of this monument, then the cultural and legal context, the actors and, lastly, the history of the rescue itself. It then proceeds to examine the final phase of the rescue to provide an illustrative example of a castle renovation project that was financially and ideologically supported by the regime and where the rescue went hand in hand with its cultural use, which served as an argument for the renovation in the first place. The paper discusses the forms of communication formally required for the official negotiation related to this project, as well as the informal level of the negotiation, which existed outside the written sources. It concludes that both of these negotiation levels were equally important for the preservation of the Staré Hrady castle: they were used as dictated by the situation and ultimately aimed at achieving the same goal: to preserve a cultural monument whose restoration had been considered impossible and pointless a little more than two decades earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
10. The Political and Economic Dynamics of EU-China Relations: An Analysis.
- Author
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Nizamani, Siraj Ahmed
- Subjects
CHINA-European Union relations ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,NEOLIBERALISM ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
Political and trade dialogues (1994) between China (Sino) and the European Union (EU) to establish a comprehensive Beijing-Brussels partnership (1995) began at the end of the Cold War with their summit-level meetings in 1998. This politico-economic partnership was founded within divergent historical, sociopolitical and ideological contexts. For example, the EU, a member of the Western Block and a strategic ally of the United States, was very different from China which stood alone as a populous country of the Eastern world with industrial and financial muscle. Despite these differences, the EU upholds Sino-EU partnership which is needed to survive with engagement, especially when politically adverse circumstances arise for the two entities at global stage. China, on the other hand, believes ties with the EU can last because it has invested in neoliberal economic principles that emerged after Mao's (1970-80) communism. These factors have played a pivotal role in holding and shaping the Sino-EU partnership for global collaboration, which the two entities believe will take them into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Sites of Memory in Czechoslovak Silesia 1945–1948.
- Author
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Kolář, Ondřej
- Subjects
COLLECTIVE memory ,CULTS ,BOUNDARY disputes ,COAL basins ,RELIGIOUS symbols ,MEMORY ,BORDERLANDS - Abstract
The paper aims to describe and analyze the changes in public sites of memory in the multi-ethnic border region of Czechoslovak Silesia during the period of restoration of Czechoslovak sovereignty, between the fall of Nazism in May 1945 and the communist putsch in Czechoslovakia in February 1948. This research focuses on transformations and (dis)continuity of cults and symbols during that period, and on specifics and differences within the examined region with regard to ethnic and social structure of local population. Research is based primarily on the recorded agendas of state and district administrations, but preserved memorials and photographs or descriptions of vanished sites of memory also serve as important sources. After the expulsion of German population, the western part of the region was repopulated by settlers from various regions of East-Central Europe. Most of local German sites of memory vanished, with the partial exception of religious symbols and a few "apolitical" memorials. New monuments and memorials were dedicated mainly to personalities of Czech history in an effort to inculcate the "official" identity amongst the new-settlers. In the Ostrava coal basin, the new regime invoked the pre-war tradition of working-class identity and showed tolerance towards the sites of memory of the local Polish minority, except memorials related to the former Czech-Polish border conflicts. In the Hlučín region specifically, a strong pro-German narrative survived despite the "Czechization" efforts of state authorities. In general, the state-supported memory policy aimed to create the narrative of a "Slavic" and "socialist" Silesia, suppress the German past of the region, and weaken frictions between Czechs and Poles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Liviu Ciulei and The Last Ones: Between Personal Trauma, Psychodrama, and Collective Drama.
- Author
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HAŢIEGAN, Anca
- Subjects
DRAMA therapy ,EMOTIONAL trauma ,CIVIL engineers ,WAR ,CIVIL engineering ,FATHERS - Abstract
This paper focuses on an early role in the theatrical career of the actor, director, and scenographer Liviu Ciulei (1923-2011), created on the stage of the theatre gifted to him by his father, the civil engineer Liviu Ciulley, in 1946. The role in question is Pyotr from the play The Last Ones by Russian playwright Maxim Gorky, which premiered at the Odeon Theatre in Bucharest on the 16th of March 1948. My point is that Liviu Ciulei was drawn to this play by a psychodramatic impulse, finding in it issues related to his father who, like the protagonist in Gorky's play, had embroiled his family in a major scandal when his son was only thirteen years old. The season in which the play premiered was marked by the increasing interference of communist authorities in art, so the intense psychodramatic process through which Liviu Ciulei consciously or unconsciously worked through his early adolescent trauma intertwined with the collective drama represented by the imposition of the Soviet-enforced communist regime in Romania at the end of World War II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Horia Lovinescu, Between the "Terror of History" and Psychoanalytical Dreams.
- Author
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POP-CURŞEU, Ioan
- Subjects
ARTISTIC creation ,HISTORICAL errors ,PSYCHOANALYSIS ,DRAMATISTS ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
This paper focuses on Horia Lovinescu (1917-1983), a member of one of the most important dynasties of modern Romanian culture. Six of Horia Lovinescu's dramas are interpreted in a close reading system, by psychoanalytical tools and by focusing on the family constellations the author imagines. These plays are related to the historical context ("the terror of history"), in order to understand how works of art are the reverberation of biographicalcreative data of the greatest importance and how they echo in a paradoxical way social-political transformations. This double reading, psychological and historical, is justified by the playwright himself, through the construction of his plays and through his many allusions to psychoanalysis in his writings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. PROPERTY RESTITUTION IN LITHUANIA, AN REPARATORY TOOL IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE?
- Author
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RADU, Bianca Elena
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RESTITUTION & indemnification claims (1933- ) ,TRANSITIONAL justice ,HUMAN rights ,DEMOCRACY ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
In Lithuania, the 90s marked the beginnings of a transitional period toward the reconstruction of a democratic state. On the one hand, it emerged as the ideal model, a new societal and state project, a democratic society, with a state founded on respect for the law and for human rights. On the other hand, the past made its presence felt as a result of administrative and judicial heritage, but also of a pattern socially reproduced at the level of human interactions between those whose rights were violated and those who violated these rights. Among those whose rights were abusively violated in the old regime were those dispossessed of properties and of their right over them, during the communist period. The old regime's abusive seizing of properties was a prejudice brought to the dispossessed. The present paper intends to analyse whether property restitution in Lithuania was part of a more extensive process, entitled transitional justice in the literature. The first part of the paper describes the theoretical lens as well as conceptual aspects. The second part focuses on property legislation and on the function laws fulfilled in the reparations process. The paper has a heuristic value and constitutes itself as part of the research in the field of transitional justice and property restitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
15. Petre Țuțea's Economic Philosophy.
- Author
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Cosma, Sorinel
- Abstract
Petre Țuțea (October 6, 1902 - December 3, 1991) was a Romanian Christian thinker and an orator, who was preoccupied with philosophical and religious matters. He was the author of numerous studies and articles that focused on economic, social and political issues in the inter-war era. This paper intends to point out the main guiding lines of Petre Țuțea's system of thought as an economist and his personal comprehension of the relation between the economic and the political elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
16. Nikos Kazantzakis's trips to the USSR in the 1920s.
- Author
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Moschos, Vasilis
- Subjects
COMMUNISM ,CULTURAL diplomacy ,WESTERN countries ,WORLDVIEW ,STRATEGIC planning ,TRAVEL planning ,COMMUNISTS - Abstract
This article examines the three journeys undertaken by the Greek writer and intellectual Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957) to the Soviet Union during the 1920s. It also investigates his involvement with communism during the interludes between these journeys and his subsequent activities. By scrutinising the conditions under which these journeys were conducted, this paper sheds light on the influence of communism on Nikos Kazantzakis, his receptivity to communist ideology, and its integration into his distinctive worldview. Furthermore, this examination elucidates the communist movement's strategic planning regarding the travels of intellectuals from Western countries, and the incorporation of these journeys into the cultural diplomacy of the Soviet Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
17. The village and May Day celebrations in 1970s communist Czechoslovakia: Social events between a tool of the regime and a community holiday.
- Author
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Doušek, Roman
- Subjects
- *
MAY Day , *POLITICAL messianism , *SOCIALIST societies , *IDEOLOGY - Abstract
This study focuses on May Day celebrations in communist Czechoslovakia in the Žďár nad Sázavou district of today's Czech Republic. The communist regime used these celebrations to symbolically communicate several ideological and political messages. By examining one of these messages, the importance of the relationship between the countryside and the city, we see how its presentation changed over time. The variability of this message was caused not only by the changes the communist regime and society underwent during the studied period but also by specific local conditions. This paper concentrates on actors from two villages and argues that celebrations of May Day, an ideological-political holiday, could have been appropriated by local inhabitants as a community event that helped express the unity of the rural community. Holding May Day celebrations that served largely as community events in some villages also interrupted the union of the village and the city in socialist society, one of the messages that was supposed to be communicated by May Day celebrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. FROM MARXIST IDEOLOGY TO PANASIANISM: THE EVOLUTION OF COMMUNISM IN EAST ASIA.
- Author
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VEREȘ, Diana-Elena
- Subjects
COMMUNISM ,IDEOLOGY ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
19. ¿UNA MAYOR AUTONOMÍA A TRAVÉS DE UNAS RELACIONES MÁS ESTRECHAS CON CHINA? REVISANDO EL COMPROMISO TURQUÍA-CHINA
- Author
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Tekdal, Veysel
- Published
- 2024
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20. Political influence in primary education texts (1946-1986) affecting pupils' personality development.
- Author
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Alija, Ermira and Selcetaj, Migena
- Subjects
POWER (Social sciences) ,PERSONALITY development ,PRIMARY education ,PRESSURE groups ,TEXTBOOKS ,INDIVIDUALITY ,ELECTRONIC textbooks - Abstract
Dictatorships are established and strengthened by imposing themselves on society. One of the tools they use to do this is school, along with textbooks as a means of information and mass spiritual nourishment. This paper aims to analyse the period of communist dictatorship in Albania and its way to influence the individual with an ideology in the function of politics yet to the detriment of the individual as a personality. The research is focused on the primary school reading books of 1946-1986. The passages connected directly with the political content, the parts that had genuine political concepts in the title or in content, were selected to complete this research. A significant number of these short stories, the types, the tendencies of their extension, the object, the nature, and their possibilities of influence were examined as the main materials of the study. During the research, the way textbook readings can influence to paralyze the quest for inner freedom and finding individuality were outlined. Thus, the school as an educational institution can be used to depersonalize the individual in function of the interests of social and political groups. The results showed that any society, including contemporary, could carry ideological influences, so the following article might increase the awareness on the texts used in school and on their interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
21. Trouble with the Bottle Beverage Containers and the Widening Waste Crisis in Socialist Hungary.
- Author
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Pál, Viktor
- Subjects
BEVERAGE containers ,SOCIALIST societies ,SOCIALISM ,COMMUNIST countries ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,CONSUMERISM - Abstract
Recent studies have explored the history of consumerism in communist Eastern Europe, suggesting that socialist consumption followed its own rhythm and logic. However, when it comes to waste-making and recycling existing literature focuses on post-industrial waste practices of the Soviet bloc, paying little attention to post-consumer waste. However, socialist societies did not follow the West's example and refrained from introducing single-use materials, such as disposable beverage containers. Could this also mean that socialists did a better job to deal with their own post-consumer waste than the West? The current scientific knowledge does not answer that question. To cover that gap in the research, this article situates socialist beverage containers and especially recyclable soft drink bottles made of glass in a wider discourse about the meaning of waste, discards, recycling, and material culture in socialism, particularly in Hungary. It suggests that the socialist waste dilemma was unique to Eastern European economies because of its social, ideological, and cultural layers, of which the scientific community has limited understanding. It proposes that despite different ideological foundations, the socialists battled with similar waste problems than in the West, however systematic differences were large enough to produce less post-consumer waste and recycle that waste more efficiently compared to the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Fractures overseen: soviet medical experts splitting from the international epistemic community during the interwar period.
- Author
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Schacht, Anastassiya
- Subjects
- *
INTERWAR Period (1918-1939) , *MEDICAL sciences , *CRIMINAL methods , *COMMUNISTS , *COMMUNISM - Abstract
Soviet medical science went through a deep and systematic transformation. Initiated in the very early days of the Communist regime, a moment of disrupting and isolating impact uprooted it from its former organizational and epistemic foundations and re-adjusted the expert output and modus operandi to state needs. Professional identities, paradigmatic approaches and everyday practices resulting from these were transformed and forcibly aligned with the expectations of the new powerholders, aligned with the newly formulated party-bound loyalties and secured by the broad array of severe sanctions. This article systematically approaches the dark side of the Soviet interwar transformation in medicine with a special focus on a sample of psychiatric experts. The paper analyses the entanglement between domestic pressures exercised upon scholars by the emerging totalitarianism, forcing them to detach and considerably re-adjust their international ties, while nonetheless trying to remain a part of this cross-border epistemic community. While international contacts did not cease entirely, their expanse, intensity and the very mode of cooperation had to change dramatically so as to fit the new regime´s vision upon medicine. International networks were re-appropriated for the sake of promoting the success of the Communist state, with scholars functioning as involuntary ambassadors of the regime. Though perfectly compatible with the practices and outputs of their fellow experts elsewhere across the globe while exposed to the permanent pressure of political terror at home, Soviet public health and its experts became deeply transformed and detached in manifold ways from their peers and their medical science. Largely overlooked, the early fractures of the interwar period carry on into the Cold War-influenced second half of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. (In)visible Actions – Disruptive Practices: Art and Philosophy in the ČSSR 1950–1980.
- Author
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Gründler, Hana
- Subjects
ART & philosophy ,COMMUNISM ,RESISTANCE (Philosophy) - Abstract
It is not well known that in the context of the unofficial artistic and philosophical scene of the ČSSR there was an aesthetically refined and theoretically differentiated reflection on the different degrees and limits of visibility as well as a rethinking of participation – be it aesthetic, epistemic or political. In this paper I first investigate the relation between history and (in)visibility in its broadest sense: questions such as 'whose history is present' and 'what visual memory building strategies are used' were highly controversial and deeply politicised. For many artists and philosophers such as Zorka Ságlová or Jan Patočka the very act of remembering and the active, critical engagement with (visual) culture and history thus became an act of resistance. I then explore how artists subtly intervened in and transformed the monitored public space, and often tried to undermine given regimes of visibility. I demonstrate that these manifold 'dissident' practices engendered new aesthetic experiences and fostered powerful counter-narratives that deconstructed the official propaganda discourse of the communist regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Intransigent anti-communism and/or pragmatic diplomacy? Pius XII's Eastern policy between world war and cold war.
- Author
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FEJÉRDY, András
- Subjects
- *
COLD War, 1945-1991 , *ANTI-communist movements , *NEGOTIATION , *WORLD War II , *DIPLOMACY , *SPRING ,COMMUNIST countries - Abstract
In an investigation involving Vatican sources that have recently been opened for research, the paper reassesses the story of the actual or alleged Vatican-Soviet attempts at rapprochement initiated during and after World War ii with the aim to explore the considerations that shaped Vatican eastern policy at the end of the war. Ont the basis of a closer examination of the Orlemanski mission in the spring of 1944, the Flynn mission in March 1945, and the negotiations initiated in 1946 through Hungarian Jesuits it argues that despite Moscow's brief apparent display of willingness to cooperate at the end of the war, the failure of actual attempts at rapprochement was primarily due to the Kremlin's lack of interest. By contrast, the Vatican was truly open to dialogue, given the right conditions. Consequently, Pius xii's Eastern policy is to be interpreted through the paradigm not of intransigence but traditional Vatican concordat policy. The term Ostpolitik, however, unless used with some distinguishing qualification, seems inappropriate to Pius xii's stance on Eastern policy. Despite the similarities with the Vatican Ostpolitik of the 1960s, a close comparison shows up several basic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. EMANCIPACIÓN Y AUTENTICIDAD: EL LUGAR DEL SER HUMANO EN LAS FILOSOFÍAS DE HEIDEGGER Y EL JOVEN MARX.
- Author
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Daniel Montero, Felipe
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNISM , *HUMAN beings , *HUMAN rights , *PHILOSOPHICAL anthropology , *CRITICISM , *MARXIST philosophy , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *SENSES - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the philosophies of the late Heidegger and the young Marx side by side to show how, while differing radically in some important aspects, both philosophies are motivated by similar concerns and are not so different as to preclude a productive dialogue between them. In so far as both thinkers can be said to have thought, taking the word in a Heideggerian sense, the "same", the way both philosophies diverge from each other can be especially illuminating when it comes to offering a clear interpretation of them (a task which is especially important to gain an understanding of Heidegger's philosophy which is often obscure). We'll see how Heidegger's notion of finitude implies a series of criticisms of Marx's philosophy. Finally, I'll pose a question regarding the limits of Heidegger's criticism of Marx, considering that this criticism goes as far as to criticize the idea that all human beings are equal and so implies a rejection of the idea of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
26. Le genre contre la race? L'Union des jeunes filles de Tunisie, une organisation non-mixte en Tunisie coloniale (1945-1956).
- Author
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ABASSADE, Élise
- Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Времеубежище: преводима ли е силата на въображаемото?
- Author
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Врина-Николов, Мари
- Subjects
CRITICAL thinking ,PARODY ,COMMUNISM ,NATIONALISM ,TRANSLATING & interpreting ,ANTHROPOLOGY - Abstract
The novel Time Shelter, by Georgi Gospodinov, parodies both the ideological arsenal of communism and that of nationalism, with their symbolic dates, kitsch, and material legacy. It made me think about what and how I was trying to convey them through my translation: much more than "culture" that is transmitted through education, whether in the family, at school, or in society, and which is, therefore, more or less consciously assimilated, it concerns the imaginary on which ideologies rest, since the imaginary contains many emotions, irrational and unconscious things. Yet the notion of "imaginary" has been surprisingly rare and belatedly included in critical reflection on translation, even though philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, and literature have been interested in it since the mid-twentieth century. In this paper I seek to answer the question: is the power of the imaginary translatable in Time Shelter? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
28. Widening Horizons: The Views of the Hungarian Politician and Economic Adviser József Bognár on Modernization in the Era of Globalization.
- Author
-
Somlai, Katalin
- Subjects
POLITICIANS ,MODERNIZATION (Social science) ,GLOBALIZATION ,COMMUNISM ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
Copyright of Comparativ: Leipziger Beiträge zur Universalgeschichte und Vergleichenden Gesellschaftsforschung is the property of Leipziger Universitaetsverlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Talking The Groove: Jazz Words From The Morning Star.
- Author
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Whitlock, Kevin
- Subjects
MORNING ,VOCABULARY ,JAZZ ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
The article discusses two books related to jazz and its cultural significance. The first book, "Jelly Roll Blues" by Elijah Wald, explores the suppressed recordings of Jelly Roll Morton, a pioneer of early jazz and blues. These recordings contain graphic sexual content and reveal the celebration of prostitution and sexual pleasure in early jazz and blues. The second book, "Talking The Groove: Jazz Words From The Morning Star" by Chris Searle, focuses on the jazz coverage in the Morning Star newspaper and the author's passion for jazz. The book collects various pieces on jazz, including gig and album reviews, interviews, and think pieces, showcasing the author's connection with the music and the importance of creative freedom in jazz. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
30. SELF-PUBLISHED BOOKS REVIEW.
- Author
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PANTALL, COLIN
- Subjects
FENCES ,TORTURE ,BODIES of water ,PHOTOGRAPH albums ,NOSTALGIA ,COMMUNISM ,ENVIRONMENTAL music - Published
- 2024
31. On Political Grounds: A Forward-Looking Argument for Property Restitution in Poland.
- Author
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Levin, Omri
- Subjects
- *
WORLD War II , *JEWISH communities , *COMMUNISM , *COMMUNISTS , *PRIVATIZATION - Abstract
In all, 90% of Polish Jews, more than 3 million people, were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust, and 90% of the survivors left Poland. The survivors and their heirs, most of them not currently living in Poland, saw their land confiscated by the Nazis, nationalized by the communists and reprivatized and sold to others. Poland is the only country in the EU not to have a comprehensive restitution law. The issue of land restitution is still present in current debate in Poland, as part of a broader discussion over the Second World War, communism, privatization and corruption. While Poland blocked all restitution claims in 2021, Jewish communities as well as other governments called Poland to adopt a comprehensive restitution law for everyone. Now, 30 years after the fall of communism, what justifies such claims? This paper argues that forward-looking collective responsibility is the most helpful concept to understand the Jewish restitution problem in Poland today, and claims that any future settlement of this issue should be based on it. By applying this concept, as developed by Iris Marion Young, to the Polish restitution case, we look into the past – not to look for people to blame, but to look for social connections that have implications for the present. This way, we can remember the past, learn from it and heal relationships between people without being slaves to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. College, Knowledge, and Class.
- Author
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Garnett, Rob
- Abstract
The author proposes a Marxian class analysis of undergraduate education in U.S. four-year residential colleges and universities, highlighting the role of student labor in the production of courses, degrees, and campus life (college) and in the production of academic learning (knowledge). Undergraduate students are theorized as direct producers within two overlapping class structures: academic feudalism (college) and academic communism (knowledge). The concept of academic communism is argued to be normatively compatible with Marxian and liberal visions of higher education: the Marxian commitment to abolish class exploitation and the liberal commitment to academic freedom. As a constructive response to intensifying criticisms of undergraduate education as we know it, a Marxian view of college and knowledge offers an ethically grounded defense of the core mission of U.S. higher education, centered on undergraduate students and faculty members as coproducers of academic knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Between Tradition and Revolution: Exploring Feminism and Gender Equality in Vietnam.
- Author
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Ngo Thi Minh Huong
- Subjects
WOMEN'S rights ,SOCIAL norms ,VIETNAM War, 1961-1975 ,PUBLIC sphere ,COURAGE ,FEMINISM - Abstract
Over the past century, the trajectory of gender equality in Vietnam has been marked by a nuanced interplay of historical contexts, societal norms, and ideological shifts. A burgeoning women’s movement has emerged, favoring the term ‘gender equality’ over ‘feminism’ in private and public spheres. Gender equality has historically challenged traditional norms, notably during times of war, reshaping gender roles. Under communism, gender equality became static, confining feminism within a framework of patriotism and heroism. The persistence of gender equality is revealed in the context of a complex and contested amalgam of Western feminist ideas and historical antecedents. This article delves into the evolution of gender roles in Vietnam, exploring how communism and wartime conditions influenced feminism from the national liberation era to the Vietnam War. The article argues that the patriarchal structure present in a longstanding culture of Confucianism in Vietnam does not inherently obstruct gender equality and women's rights. Instead, it stems from changing women’s roles outside the domestic sphere to heroism during war efforts. Vietnamese women’s movement, before the term ‘gender equality,’ emerged during wartime but did not contest feminism. The notion of gender equality has become static; however, feminism is still contested and has yet to be adopted to this day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Authoritarian neoliberalism debates: A critical review of the literature in central and eastern Europe.
- Author
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Mexhuani, Fitim and Mexhuani, Burim
- Subjects
AUTHORITARIANISM ,NEOLIBERALISM ,COMMUNISM ,DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
Since communism's collapse, Central and Eastern Europe adopted neoliberal reforms for democratization and market integration. However, democratic institutions in many countries have backslid. Scholars debate neoliberalism's impacts and the rise of oligarchs concentrating wealth and distorting democracy. This review analyzes 50 sources from 1990-2020 through meta-analysis. Literature is assessed regarding neoliberalization's mechanisms and effects. Privatization concentrated assets in politically-connected oligarchs, enabling state capture constraining competition. Deregulation empowered economic elites with disproportionate political influence, distorting representation toward oligarchic over public interests. Evidence partially supports the hypothesis that neoliberalism benefiting oligarchs distorted democracy, contributing to backsliding. However, grassroots resistance offers alternatives. Further research could integrate local case studies and frameworks focused on equitable distribution rather than growth alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Crossing the Bamboo Curtain: Occidentalism and the English Language in Cultural Revolution Memoirs.
- Author
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Mai Wang
- Subjects
MEMOIRS ,COMMUNISM ,ENGLISH language - Abstract
In the late 1980s and 1990s, a stream of Cultural Revolution memoirs written by Chinese dissident writers became bestsellers in the U.S., the U.K., and other countries in the Anglosphere. Travelling through transnational circuits of exchange made possible by a multinational publishing industry, Cultural Revolution memoirs were promoted as authentic cultural productions that documented the hardships of life under Communism. This article situates the Anglophone Cultural Revolution memoir in a global Cold War framework. Drawing on theories of Occidentalism, I discuss how English language acquisition is invoked in Anglophone Cultural Revolution memoirs as a pathway towards achieving individual freedom. Through formalist readings, I demonstrate how two emblematic Cultural Revolution memoirs - Da Chen's Colors of the Mountain and Jung Chang's Wild Swans - establish their narrators as liberal subjects through the process of learning English, thereby elevating the central figure of the dissident who crosses the Bamboo Curtain and seeks a new life in the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The uses of victimhood as a hegemonic meta-narrative in eastern Europe.
- Author
-
Barton Hronešová, Jessie
- Subjects
VICTIM psychology ,SOCIOLOGY ,CULTURAL hegemony ,EUROPEANS ,ETHNOLOGY ,20TH century history - Abstract
Narratives of wartime suffering, communist evils, and maltreatment by the 'West' have started featuring prominently in the political discourse across eastern Europe in the past decade and half. Permeating the public sphere, such narratives imply complex victimhood and often gain a hegemonic status. Why have such victimhood narratives become so pervasive? And what has been their purpose across eastern Europe? This interdisciplinary article provides a conceptual and empirical explanation of how hegemonic narratives of victimhood have been used to enhance ontological security and as an instrument of power-seeking political leaders, especially (but not exclusively) right-wing populists. It shows that although the local attachment to memory and history is often portrayed as irrational, victimhood as a narrative has clear benefits regarding national ontological security as the self-understanding of a state and a tool to justify policies. Using concrete examples, the articles identify three main sub-narratives of direct, historical and structural victimhood linked to World War II, communism and the precarious relationship with the 'West', arguing that the combination of historical traumas and the post-1989 transformations explain the pan-regional proliferation of victimhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Rise and Decline of Prognostics. Futures Studies, Ideology and the Sociology of Knowledge in the German Democratic Republic.
- Author
-
Steinmüller, Karlheinz
- Subjects
IDEOLOGY ,SOCIOLOGY of knowledge ,FUTURES studies ,COMMUNISM ,PLANNING - Abstract
From the beginning, a science-based approach to questions of the future and – more precisely – thinking in alternative futures was in latent conflict with the official ideology of the German Democratic Republic, according to which East German society (and indeed, the whole humankind) was heading towards a communist future. During the 1960s, however, prognostics – the socialist type of futures studies – fitted well into the ambition of political leaders to foster economic development by promoting scientific-technological progress and adopting new management systems of the national economy. Prognostics was to a certain extent institutionalized and obtained in parts a cybernetic underpinning, but ideological constraints on knowledge never vanished. Moreover, prognostics had to distinguish itself clearly from "late-capitalist" futurology. With the reorientation of politics after Walter Ulbricht lost power, prognostics was cut back as was its cybernetic underpinning. As the official belief in the communist future eroded during the 1980s, there was no longer any room for governmental foresight. Futures thinking was taken up by the dissident movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Petre Țuțea’s Economic Philosophy
- Author
-
Sorinel Cosma
- Subjects
liberalism ,communism ,nationalism ,democracy ,entrepreneur ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Petre Țuțea (October 6, 1902 – December 3, 1991) was a Romanian Christian thinker and an orator, who was preoccupied with philosophical and religious matters. He was the author of numerous studies and articles that focused on economic, social and political issues in the inter-war era. This paper intends to point out the main guiding lines of Petre Țuțea’s system of thought as an economist and his personal comprehension of the relation between the economic and the political elements
- Published
- 2024
39. 'Odstřel se nekoná.' (Ne)úřední vyjednávání jako hybná síla v pozadí rekonstrukce kulturní památky v Československu po roce 1948
- Author
-
Jan Limberský
- Subjects
czechoslovakia ,renovation ,rescue ,negotiation ,stratégy ,monument ,culture ,communism ,staré hrady ,History of Central Europe ,DAW1001-1051 - Abstract
This paper examines official negotiation methods behind the renovation and simultaneous use of the Staré Hrady castle between 1949 and 1993, as an example of the rescue of a cultural monument in communist Czechoslovakia. It is concerned with the mechanisms of actor-institutional communication at regional level at work within the broader circumstances prevailing in then Czechoslovakia, arguing that this negotiation was in fact the driving force behind the successful reconstruction of this castle after many years of expert-led volunteer work.
- Published
- 2024
40. Emancipación y autenticidad: el lugar del ser humano en las filosofías de Heidegger y el joven Marx
- Author
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Montero, Felipe Daniel
- Published
- 2024
41. Derrida’s 'Specters of Marx'
- Author
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Salmon, Peter, Frosh, Stephen, Section editor, Vyrgioti, Marita, Section editor, Walsh, Julie, Section editor, Frosh, Stephen, editor, Vyrgioti, Marita, editor, and Walsh, Julie, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A Critical Discourse Analysis of ChatGPT's Role in Knowledge and Power Production.
- Author
-
Ahmed, Twana Nasih and Mahmood, Karzan Aziz
- Subjects
CRITICAL discourse analysis ,CHATGPT ,DISCOURSE analysis ,TECHNOLOGICAL revolution ,PREJUDICES - Abstract
Based on the significance and role of ChatGPT in the power and knowledge production, this research aims to display how ChatGPT responds to questions that are by nature controversial and debatable, as their values depend on the agency or power that answers them. The main question of this work is whether this artificial intellegince model is influenced by any discourse(s). The approaches employed in this work are Michel Foucault's discourse analysis and Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis. It is contended that discourses are ubiquitously everywhere in social practices. To Fairclough and Foucault, language production is strongly connected to power and knowledge production. Therefore, utilising a qualitative method in the examination, the work wishes to identify the discourse(s) that can affect ChatGPT's responses and discuss its implications for knowledge and power production. The research discovered that ChatGPT's answers unveiled a prejudice towards capitalist discourse, established knowledge, and suppressed alternative opinions. Also, the definitions of capitalism and communism by ChatGPT were insufficient because the political and ideological dimensions of capitalism were ignored, which can be considered major findings of this present work regarding the two selected systems. This indicates that ChatGPT's knowledge production, an example or model from the ongoing technological revolution, cannot be relied on for being biased in its responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. TRUTH VERSUS "THE POSTWAR TRUTH": Jerzy Peterkiewicz against the Idealization of the Communist Ideology in Postwar Great Britain.
- Author
-
CIEPLIŃSKA, Katarzyna
- Subjects
COMMUNISTS ,IDEOLOGY ,SEMANTICS ,SOCIAL movements ,COMMON good ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Rebirth of Medical Self-Government in Poland in 1989.
- Author
-
KORDEL, PIOTR and MOSKALEWICZ, MARCIN
- Subjects
POLITICAL autonomy ,REINCARNATION ,POLISH history ,NINETEENTH century ,DENTISTS ,PROFESSIONAL ethics - Abstract
The Polish Chamber of Physicians and Dentists (Naczelna Izba Lekarska) and the regional chambers of physicians and dentists (Okręgowe Izby Lekarskie) are the organisational bodies of the professional self-government of physicians and dentists in Poland. They are responsible for supervising the proper and conscientious exercise of the medical professions, determining the principles of professional ethics and deontology, and representing and protecting the medical professions. The history of Polish medical self-government dates back to the end of the nineteenth century. The development of the chambers was stopped in 1950 by the communist regime when the authorities decided to dissolve them. This article, which is partly based on unpublished sources, presents the efforts of Polish doctors to regain their professional self-government. It shows how these efforts were linked to the democratisation processes of Poland in 1989. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The First and the Second Taiwan Strait Crises in Cold-War Asia: An Overview.
- Author
-
Majumder, Nabanipa
- Subjects
STRAITS ,CHINA-United States relations ,NUCLEAR warfare ,CRISES ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,HISTORY of communism - Abstract
This article discusses the geopolitical confrontation between the United States and Communist China during the first Taiwan Strait Crisis (1954-55) and the subsequent 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis. It argues that the crises in the Taiwan Strait had the potential to escalate into a global confrontation, unlike the proxy wars in Korea and Vietnam. The Taiwan Strait crises went on for almost twenty years (1950s-1970s), affecting neighboring countries' political developments, and while they were mostly confined to direct military actions by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China, they had the potential to bring the world to the brink of a nuclear war. This topic is significant because, unlike the proxy wars between superpowers, the Taiwan Strait crises posed a more credible risk, thereby underscoring the volatility of international relations and strategic dynamics of the Cold War period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
46. Architecture and Dictatorship: The Dialectics of Destruction and Creation.
- Author
-
Kallis, Aristotle
- Subjects
URBAN renewal ,DICTATORSHIP ,POLITICAL competition ,STATE power ,DIALECTIC ,FASCISM - Abstract
This article explores the relationship between architecture and political power during the interwar period, specifically focusing on dictatorships in Italy and Germany. It discusses how dictators used architecture as a tool to express and consolidate their ideologies, shaping cities and creating a sense of national identity. The article provides case studies from different countries to illustrate the diverse approaches and outcomes of these architectural interventions. It emphasizes the importance of understanding this relationship to gain insights into these historical periods. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Communist Legacy, Anti-Elite Sentiments, and Modernization Theory: Evidence from a Natural Experiment.
- Author
-
Vasilyeva, Olga and Libman, Alexander
- Subjects
MODERNIZATION theory ,COMMUNISM ,COMMUNISTS ,EDUCATIONAL outcomes ,HUMAN capital - Abstract
Communist rule left a strong imprint on the development of Eastern European countries, but the precise mechanisms and directions of this legacy effect are subject to debate. This article looks at the legacies of giant infrastructural projects, which played an important role in the ideology and policy practice of communist regimes. Using the natural experiment of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM), we investigate the influence of this project on post-communist voting behavior. We show that the BAM legacy reduces the share of votes for United Russia, the party of power of Putin's regime, and leads to a larger share of votes for the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR). While the BAM legacy could be associated with a multitude of channels, we provide empirical evidence for at least one of them—the persistence of human capital, showing that BAM settlements are characterized by better educational outcomes than the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Market under the Radar: Soviet Shadow Economy and Post-Soviet Preferences in Georgia.
- Author
-
Ivanov, Denis and Aisin, Anton
- Subjects
INFORMAL sector ,CAPITALISM ,CITRUS fruits ,GOVERNMENT ownership ,ORGANIZED crime ,AGRICULTURAL innovations - Abstract
In this article, we study the long-run effect of the Soviet shadow economy on attitudes toward the market economy and competition in Georgia—a former Soviet republic known for the high prevalence of the shadow economy. We use the density of Soviet-era organized crime as a proxy for the local prevalence of shadow economy and instrument it with agroclimatic suitability for citrus fruits, exploiting the fact that citrus and other subtropical agricultural products were an object of shortage and illicit trade during the Soviet era. We show that the citrus-suitable parts of Georgia have a higher density of Soviet-era thieves-in-law and that survey respondents living in these areas are more likely to report lower preference toward state ownership of businesses and higher appreciation of competition. Higher social legitimacy of private entrepreneurship is likely to be behind these findings: employed respondents in citrus-producing areas rate fairness of their compensation higher than in the rest of Georgia when they have their own business and rate it lower when they work in the public sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Searching for Jewish Ancestors before They Had a Fixed Family Name—Three Case Studies from Bohemia, Southern Germany, and Prague.
- Author
-
Fürth, Thomas
- Subjects
JEWISH families ,CIVIL marriage ,MARRIAGE records ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
Anyone who traces their Jewish ancestors back to the 18th century and even further back in history encounters the challenge of looking for ancestry without the clue that a fixed family name provides. Before the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, when Jews were forced by law to adopt a fixed family name, Ashkenazim Jewish families used patronymic names as last names. A patronymic name changes every generation. Sometimes, in larger cities, various types of nicknames were used as last names. Such a nickname could change within a generation and often indicated the place a person came from, his occupation, or personal characteristics. In this article, I will show, using three case studies, how I have faced the challenge of determining which patronymic names and nicknames my ancestors used as last names before they were forced to adopt a fixed family name. The three case studies are the ancestors of Josef Stern, who lived in the late 18th and early 19th century in Neu Bistritz in southern Bohemia, today Nova Bystrice in Czechia; Julius Strauss, 1883–1939, who lived in the late 18th, 19th, and early 20th century in Frücht and Giessen in Nassau/Hesse, today in southern Germany; and Simon Reiniger, who lived in Prague in the 18th and early 19th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Domenico Losurdo on Stalin: A Dialectical and Comparative Perspective on a Controversial Legacy
- Author
-
Pegoraro, Leonardo
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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