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Patients' medication adherence plays a critical role in the treatment and rehabilitation of disease. However, few tools are currently available that can be used to identify the reasons for their nonadherence with their medication regimens. It is possible to evaluate both the level of medication adherence of a patient as well as the reasons for it using the Adherence to Asthma Medication Questionnaire (AAMQ). The purpose of this study was to adapt the AAMQ for use in Chinese patients and a variety of asthma patients. A total of 242 asthma patients were recruited from Jinzhou in China. The Adherence to Asthma Medication Questionnaire was translated and back-translated using the Brislin translation model. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and stability all play a large role in determining the reliability of a scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the scale's construct validity, and expert consultation was used to verify the scale's content validity. Statistics were deemed significant at p < 0.05. The Cronbach's α value of the Chinese version of the AAMQ was 0.866, and the coefficient values for the three domains ranged between 0.702 and 0.798. The split-half reliability and stability values were 0.794 and 0.772, respectively. The content validity index of the scale (S-CVI) was 0.923, and the content validity index of the level of scale entry was 0.857–1.000. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the chi-square degreed of freedom were 1.484, and the model fitting indices were all within normal limits. The AAMQ had good reliability and validity for asthmatic patients. The results of the scale's assessment can be used as a criterion for medication adherence among asthmatic patients and to understand the causes. This study provides a reference for solving the problem of medication adherence among asthma patients and implementing targeted nursing measures. Gratitude is extended to all individuals collaborating in completing the survey and to the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019, this study explores the complex dynamic interaction between scientific and technological innovation, industrial structure transformation and economic development by building PVAR model. After GMM estimation, impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: Technological innovation has a significant promoting effect on economic development, and economic development can also promote technological innovation; Technological innovation has a positive impact on industrial structure transformation, while industrial structure transformation has a slight negative impact on technological innovation; Economic development can lead to industrial structure transformation, but the impact of industrial structure transformation on economic development is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russula is the largest genus in the Russulales and is widespread throughout the world. Almost all Russula species are known to be ectomycorrhizal with high ecological and edible values, and some are lethal poisonous. In this study, four new species belonging to the subgenus Russula crown clade are identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from the Xizang Autonomous Region and other provinces of China. Morphologically, Russula paragraveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is mainly characterised by a cherry red to blood red pileus centre, a reddish orange pileus margin; R. pseudograveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is characterised by a violet brown to brownish red pileus centre, a pale red to pastel red pileus margin and short basidia; R. shigatseensis (sect. Flavisiccantes, subsect. Lepidinae) is characterised by a brownish orange to madder red pileus centre, pinkish red pileus margin, and having lateral branches or branches of hyphal terminations in pileipellis; R. yadongensis (sect. Tenellae, subsect. Laricinae) is characterised by a dark purplish red pileus centre with brownish purple tints and having isolated to clustered spines of spore ornamentations. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the four new species in both the ITS and 4-locus (nucLSU, mtSSU, rpb2, tef1) phylogenetic trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of ultrasonicated Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract in osteoclast differentiation and its underlying mechanism, providing new strategies for the treatment of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Osteoclasts were induced using macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand. Lactobacillus rhamnosus extracts were obtained via ultrasonic crushing and ultracentrifugation. The effects of the LGG extract on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated, and the related signaling pathways were examined using western blotting. A mouse periodontitis model was established, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract was injected into the gingival sulcus to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract on alveolar bone resorption. Results: At 50 μg/mL, Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract inhibited osteoclast differentiation with no effect on apoptosis and proliferation. This phenomenon was achieved by deactivating the NF‐κB/c‐Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathway through toll‐like receptor 2. The in vivo results showed that the local injection of Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract suppressed osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption. Conclusion: The ultrasonicated extract of Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the activation of the NF‐κB/c‐Fos/NFATc1 pathway. Furthermore, it inhibited the destruction of the alveolar bone, providing a new strategy for the use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species of Gymnopilus (Hymenogastraceae, Agricales) are commonly recognized as wood-decaying fungi. Certain members of this genus have been identified as psilocybin-producing mushrooms. Gymnopilus exhibits a diverse range and has a global distribution. In this study, a total of seventy-eight specimens were gathered from ten provinces in China. A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted, employing gene sequences including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1-α. Additionally, morphological examinations were also carried out. The phylogenetic topology of Gymnopilus from this study generally agreed with previous studies and facilitated the identification of all those specimens. As a result, eleven species, including five newly discovered ones named Gy. gyirongensis, Gy. variisporus, Gy. tomentosiceps, Gy. tenuibasidialis, and Gy. aurantipileatus, were recognized. Significantly, four of the five newly identified species are native to the Xizang Autonomous Region, emphasizing their specialization in this distinctive habitat. This research contributes to our comprehension of Gymnopilus diversity and lays the groundwork for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Gymnopilus resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of the expanded audit report on IPO underpricing. Using the sample of A-share listed firms in China from June 2014 to November 2021, we find that the expanded audit reports can reduce the speculative behavior of investors in the initial phase of IPOs, resulting in lower IPO underpricing and consecutive rising limits. The channel tests suggest that the disclosure of key audit matters reduces value uncertainty and alleviates investors' local bias. Our results are consistent to a series of robustness tests. Further analyses show that the negative relation between expanded audit reports and IPO underpricing intensifies when the legal environment is weak and firms' information transparency is low. Additional tests uncover positive market reaction after the mandatory disclosure rule in the long run. Overall, our study adds new insights to the information effects of the expanded audit reports in emerging markets. • The expanded audit reports reduce IPO underpricing and consecutive rising limits. • KAM reduces value uncertainty and alleviates investors' local bias. • The results are moderated by legal environment and information transparency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]