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Development of efficient, stable, and recyclable photocatalysts for organic synthesis is vital for transformation of traditional thermal organic chemistry into green sustainable organic chemistry. In this work, the study reports an electrostatic approach to assemble meso‐tetra (4‐sulfonate phenyl) porphyrin (TPPS)tetra (4‐sulfonate phenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) as a donor and benzyl viologen (BV) as an acceptor into stable and recyclable photocatalyst for an efficient organic transformation reaction – aryl sulfide oxidation. By use of the electrostatic TPPS‐BV photocatalysts, 0.1 mmol aryl sulfide with electron‐donating group can be completely transformed into aryl sulfoxide in 60 min without overoxidation into sulfone, rendering near 100% yield and selectivity. The photocatalyst can be recycled up to 95% when 10 mg amount is used. Mechanistic study reveals that efficient charge separation between TPPS and BV results in sufficient formation of superoxide which further reacts with the oxidized sulfide by the photocatalyst to produce the sulfoxide. This mechanistic pathway differs significantly from the previously proposed singlet oxygen‐dominated process in homogeneous TPPS photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient photosensitizers are crucial for advancing solar energy conversion and storage technologies. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel organic dye, denoted as YB6, for p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (p‐DSCs) and photoelectrochemical H2O2 production. YB6 features an extended conjugated π‐bridge derived from indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and exhibits notable advantages: a two‐fold higher molar extinction coefficient at its main absorption peak and a broader absorption as compared to the PB6 dye. In p‐type dye‐sensitized NiO photoelectrochemical cells, the YB6‐based device demonstrated superior performance as compared to the PB6‐based device. It delivered nearly a 50 % higher H2O2 production over 5 hours. Furthermore, when fabricated into p‐DSCs, the YB6‐based device exhibited a 33 % higher power conversion efficiency. This enhancement is caused by suppressed charge recombination from the dye structure, which in turn may be traced to a larger thermodynamic up‐hill process for recombination losses in the YB6‐based system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A universal strategy for a rapid colorimetric method for Hg2+ in an aqueous solution is described. The specific binding of Hg2+ (thymine-Hg2+-thymine) with thiolated DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via Au–S bonds increases the spatial hindrance of the AuNP surface, resulting in a weakened catalytic ability of AuNPs to catalyze the reaction between p-nitrophenol and NaBH4. Therefore, the color change time (CCT) of the solution from yellow to colorless becomes longer. Based on the kinetic curve of absorbance over time measured by a UV spectrometer, the level of Hg2+ in aqueous solutions can be easily quantified. A linear relationship between CCT and Hg2+ concentration was obtained in the 10–600-nM range with a detection limit of 0.20 nM, which is much lower than the limit value (10 nM) defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency for Hg2+ in drinking water. The excellent sensitivity comes from CCT as the signal output of the probe, rather than the absorbance or wavelength change used in traditional colorimetric probes as the signal output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a simple design of a compact and miniaturized wideband bandpass filter (BPF) based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and microstrip line. Through the order extension, the filtering effect and the order of the Chebyshev response of the designed BPF can be indirectly controlled by preserving square notches (SNs) on the SIW. By introducing one or two SNs in the SIW structure, the resonance frequencies of different modes can be controlled, thus achieving dual- and tri-mode BPFs with wideband and low insert loss. The working principle of the designed BPFs was illustrated by modal analysis, field distribution, and equivalent circuit theory. Based on this, the dual- and tri-mode BPFs with center frequencies of 6.8 and 7 GHz were designed and demonstrated numerically. Further experimental results indicate that the proposed tri-mode BPF has low insertion loss (0.25 dB), compact size (0.27λg2), and wideband bandwidth (60%). In addition, the tri-mode BPF achieves a broadband out-of-band rejection of 1.5f0 (f0 is the center resonance frequency) below the −10 dB level, making it highly promising for various applications in related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon fiber (CF) possesses inherent properties of low density, high strength, and environmental stability. Its high aspect ratio and knittability enable the formation of flexible conductive networks. Old corrugated container (OCC) is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, rendering them flexible and exhibiting a low coefficient of thermal expansion. In this paper, CF/OCC/PVA flexible conductive films were prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the matrix, CF as the conductive filler and OCC as the flexible support material. Firstly, the coupling agent was grafted on the surface of CF to enhance their surface activity, improve the dispersion of CF in solution and the chemical bonding of CF to the matrix. Subsequently, sizing nanoparticles were applied to increase the roughness of the CF surface. This served to increase the volume of the conductive network and enhance the mechanical interlocking between CF and PVA. The results show that the two-step combined modification strategy have a significant positive impact on the interfacial chemical activity, contact angle, and roughness of CF. Moreover, it leads to notable improvements in various properties of the conductive film materials. This finding is relevant for the preparation of CF reinforced other matrix materials as well as for expanding the special properties and application value of CF conductive thin film materials. [Display omitted] • Low-cost flexible conductive films were produced using CF and OCC as reinforcing materials. • The improvement of CF surface activity builds a uniform and dense conductive network. • Silane coupling agents and nanoparticles work together to create an interfacial buffer layer. • The conductive film now exhibits significantly improved electrical and mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a tunable VO 2 metasurface (MS) is proposed and numerically demonstrated in the terahertz (THz) region, which can independently manipulate reflected linearly polarized (LP) and circularly polarized (CP) wavefronts at two frequencies independently. The unit-cell of the proposed VO 2 MS consists of a metallic circular ring (CR) structure, rectangular-shaped-patch (RSP) and circular-double-split-ring (CDSR) structure VO 2 adhered on a dielectric substrate by a bottom metallic ground plane. The proposed MS structure enables the reflected cross-polarization conversion of LP waves at lower frequencies (f L = 1.34 THz) and CP waves at higher frequencies (f H = 2.53 THz), respectively. By changing the external temperature, the conductivity of the VO 2 RSP and CDSR structures can be adjusted dynamically. By varying the conductivity of the VO 2 , the proposed MS can achieve a reflected LP conversion with efficiency from 0% to 98.86% at lower frequency of 1.34 THz and the reflected CP conversion with efficiency from 0% to 81.86% at higher frequency of 2.53 THz. Moreover, the corresponding modulation depths of this MS are as high as 98.86% and 81.86% at two different frequencies, respectively. Moreover, a 2π phase shift can be realized by the transmission phase and geometric phase principles at lower and higher frequencies, respectively. Finally, two VO 2 MSs have been constructed to achieve the reflection deflection for both CP and LP waves, and reflective CP focusing and LP vortex beam generation, respectively. These findings are favorable for expanding the range of temperature-controlled VO 2 MS for wavefront manipulation, thereby opening up new possibilities for the development of advanced, tunable, and multifunctional THz devices that can handle both LP and CP waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Aqueous hybrid iron-ion battery capacitor with flower-like activated carbon as cathode. • The aqueous device shows 100% cycling stability at 3,000 cycles test. • The aqueous devices reach 644 mF g−1 at 1 mA cm−2 in the voltage window of 0–1 V. With the over-exploitation of lithium resources, there is a tendency to find a new metal-ion energy storage device to replace lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, Fe-ion energy storage devices are acknowledged for their low cost, abundant resources, and safe characteristics, but their full potential has yet to be widely explored. Herein, we propose a new hybrid iron-ion battery capacitor (H-IIBC) energy storage device. The H-IIBC device prepared with nano flower-like activated carbon (FAC) as the cathode material, high-purity iron sheet as the anode material, and 1 M FeSO 4 + NH 4 Cl aqueous solution as the electrolyte. After atomic molecular dynamics simulations and ex situ characterization analysis, ion adsorption/desorption occurs on the surface of the FAC cathode during the charging/discharging process, accompanied by the redox of iron ions. The stripping/deposition of iron occurs at the high-purity iron anode. With the charging/discharging process, the reaction at the anode favors the interconversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+ which requires less energy, thus ensuring that the high purity iron will not be depleted. Thus, the specific capacitance of prepared H-IIBC could reach 644 mF g−1 (399 mF cm−2) at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 in the voltage window of 0–1 V and shows ultra-high cycling stability at 3,000 cycles test. This economical, long-life and safe H-IIBC is expected to realize great potential in the field of energy storage in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O 3 and PM 2.5 pollution are prominent in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important precursors of both. However, few studies has been conducted to establish a high-precision BVOC emission inventory by vegetation types and species for the BTH region yet, and to further analyze the contribution of BVOC emissions to O 3 and PM 2.5 on this basis. This study established an emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the BTH region using two methods: (a) the coupled method of stock volume conversion and plant function types (PFTs) and (b) MEGAN method. The contributions from different vegetation types to O 3 and PM 2.5 in the BTH region in July 2018 were simulated with WRF-CMAQ and verified using the O 3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential method. Relatively consistent results were obtained using the different inventory establishment and air quality impact analysis methods. Fruiters, crops, shrubs & grasslands, evergreen forests, and deciduous forests emitted 6.25%, 31.18%, 18.27%, 11.42%, and 32.88% of total BVOCs, respectively. The simulation results showed that BVOCs contributed 23.73% to O 3 and 37.99% to SOA in the BTH region. Deciduous trees, such as poplar and Quercus , were the main contributors to O 3 , while Pinus tabulaefoimis and Quercus were the main contributors to SOA. [Display omitted] • A refined BVOC emission inventory was built using two methods. • The effects of vegetation types and tree species on O 3 and PM 2.5 were quantified. • BVOC emissions were found to be high in the central and northern BTH. • Crops made the greatest contribution to O 3 and SOA among vegetation types. • Pinus tabulaefoimis and poplar contributed the most to O 3 and SOA among arbor trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium iron phosphate battery recycling is enhanced by an eco-friendly N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O method, restoring Li+ ions and reducing defects. Regenerated LiFePO 4 matches commercial quality, a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution. [Display omitted] • Low-temperature liquid-phase direct regeneration of LiFePO 4 with high efficiency. • Li+ ions anti-site defects being repaired Using N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O. • Regenerated LiFePO 4 showing good electrochemical performance. Lithium iron phosphate batteries, known for their durability, safety, and cost-efficiency, have become essential in new energy applications. However, their widespread use has highlighted the urgency of battery recycling. Inadequate management could lead to resource waste and environmental harm. Traditional recycling methods, like hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, are complex and energy-intensive, resulting in high costs. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel low-temperature liquid-phase method for regenerating lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials. By using N 2 H 4 ·H 2 O as a reducing agent, missing Li+ ions are replenished, and anti-site defects are reduced through annealing. This process restores nearly all missing Li+ ions at 80 °C/6h. After high-temperature sintering at 700 °C/2h, the regenerated LiFePO 4 matches commercial LiFePO 4 in terms of anti-site defects and exhibits excellent performance with a 97 % capacity retention rate after 100 cycles at 1C. Compared to high-temperature techniques, this low-temperature liquid-phase method is simpler, safer, and more energy-efficient, offering a blueprint for reclaiming discarded LiFePO 4 and similar materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Radiotherapy, a crucial cancer treatment, has evolved significantly over the years. Traditionally, treatment plans were based on initial scans used throughout the treatment course, accounting for changes in the patient's anatomy by additional margins to targets. However, the field has moved towards decreasing margins with the advancement of delivery and targeting accuracy in order to decrease toxicity, and the increasing use of image guidance has illuminated patient anatomical changes such as organ deformation, weight loss, tumor shrinkage, and even biological changes that are unaccounted for by the conventional approach. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) addresses this by adjusting treatment plans according to these changes. ART can be conducted in two ways: online (adjustments made during treatment sessions) and offline (adjustments made between treatment sessions). Advances in technology, especially in medical imaging (CT, MRI, and PET scans) and artificial intelligence, have made ART more feasible and efficient. ART offers more precise cancer treatment by adapting to changes in the patient's body, leading to better outcomes with fewer side effects. Radiotherapy, a crucial technique in cancer therapy, has traditionally relied on the premise of largely unchanging patient anatomy during the treatment course and encompassing uncertainties by target margins. This review introduces adaptive radiotherapy (ART), a notable innovation that addresses anatomy changes and optimizes the therapeutic ratio. ART utilizes advanced imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, and PET to modify the treatment plan based on observed anatomical changes and even biological changes during the course of treatment. The narrative review provides a comprehensive guide on ART for healthcare professionals and trainees in radiation oncology and anyone else interested in the topic. The incorporation of artificial intelligence in ART has played a crucial role in improving effectiveness, particularly in contour segmentation, treatment planning, and quality assurance. This has expedited the process to render online ART feasible, lowered the burden for radiation oncology practitioners, and enhanced the precision of dynamically personalized treatment. Current technical and clinical progress on ART is discussed in this review, highlighting the ongoing development of imaging technologies and AI and emphasizing their contribution to enhancing the applicability and effectiveness of ART. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) ceramics Sm0.85Zn0.15MnO3 (SZMO) and ZrMgMo3O12 (ZMMO) were selected to prepare Sm0.85Zn0.15MnO3-ZrMgMo3O12/Al-20Si (SZMO-ZMMO/Al-20Si) composites using ball milling and vacuum heating-press sintering processes in this study. The synergistic effect of the SZMO and ZMMO NTE ceramic reinforcements on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composites was investigated. The results show that the processes of ball milling and sintering did not induce the decomposition of SZMO or ZMMO NTE ceramic reinforcements, nor did they promote a reaction between the Al-20Si matrix and SZMO or ZMMO NTE ceramic reinforcements. However, the excessive addition of SZMO and ZMMO NTE ceramics led to their aggregation within the composite. Adding a small amount of SZMO in combination with ZMMO effectively increased hardness and yield strength while reducing CTE in the Al-20Si alloy. The improvement in strength was primarily provided by SZMO, while the inhibition effect on CTE was primarily provided by ZMMO. An evaluation parameter denoted as α was proposed to evaluate the synergy effects of SZMO and ZMMO NTE ceramic reinforcements on the mechanical properties and CTE of the composites. Based on this parameter, among all composites fabricated, adding 2.5 vol% SZMO NTE ceramic and 10 vol% ZMMO NTE ceramic resulted in an optimal balance between CTE and strength for these composites with a compressive yield strength of 349.72 MPa and a CTE of 12.55 × 10−6/K, representing a significant increase in yield strength by 79.20% compared to that of Al-20Si alloy along with a notable reduction in CTE by 26.44%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep learning neural networks (DLNN) in Artificial intelligence (AI) have been extensively explored for automatic segmentation in radiotherapy (RT). In contrast to traditional model-based methods, data-driven AI-based models for auto-segmentation have shown high accuracy in early studies in research settings and controlled environment (single institution). Vendor-provided commercial AI models are made available as part of the integrated treatment planning system (TPS) or as a stand-alone tool that provides streamlined workflow interacting with the main TPS. These commercial tools have drawn clinics' attention thanks to their significant benefit in reducing the workload from manual contouring and shortening the duration of treatment planning. However, challenges occur when applying these commercial AI-based segmentation models to diverse clinical scenarios, particularly in uncontrolled environments. Contouring nomenclature and guideline standardization has been the main task undertaken by the NRG Oncology. AI auto-segmentation holds the potential clinical trial participants to reduce interobserver variations, nomenclature non-compliance, and contouring guideline deviations. Meanwhile, trial reviewers could use AI tools to verify contour accuracy and compliance of those submitted datasets. In recognizing the growing clinical utilization and potential of these commercial AI auto-segmentation tools, NRG Oncology has formed a working group to evaluate the clinical utilization and potential of commercial AI auto-segmentation tools. The group will assess in-house and commercially available AI models, evaluation metrics, clinical challenges, and limitations, as well as future developments in addressing these challenges. General recommendations are made in terms of the implementation of these commercial AI models, as well as precautions in recognizing the challenges and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron emission tomography (PET)-guided radiation therapy is a novel tracked dose delivery modality that uses real-time PET to guide radiation therapy beamlets. The BIOGUIDE-X study was performed with sequential cohorts of participants to (1) identify the fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) dose for PET-guided therapy and (2) confirm that the emulated dose distribution was consistent with a physician-approved radiation therapy plan. This prospective study included participants with at least 1 FDG-avid targetable primary or metastatic tumor (2-5 cm) in the lung or bone. For cohort I, a modified 3 + 3 design was used to determine the FDG dose that would result in adequate signal for PET-guided therapy. For cohort II, PET imaging data were collected on the X1 system before the first and last fractions among patients undergoing conventional stereotactic body radiation therapy. PET-guided therapy dose distributions were modeled on the patient's computed tomography anatomy using the collected PET data at each fraction as input to an "emulated delivery" and compared with the physician-approved plan. Cohort I demonstrated adequate FDG activity in 6 of 6 evaluable participants (100.0%) with the first injected dose level of 15 mCi FDG. In cohort II, 4 patients with lung tumors and 5 with bone tumors were enrolled, and evaluable emulated delivery data points were collected for 17 treatment fractions. Sixteen of the 17 emulated deliveries resulted in dose distributions that were accurate with respect to the approved PET-guided therapy plan. The 17th data point was just below the 95% threshold for accuracy (dose-volume histogram score = 94.6%). All emulated fluences were physically deliverable. No toxicities were attributed to multiple FDG administrations. PET-guided therapy is a novel radiation therapy modality in which a radiolabeled tumor can act as its own fiducial for radiation therapy targeting. Emulated therapy dose distributions calculated from continuously acquired real-time PET data were accurate and machine-deliverable in tumors that were 2 to 5 cm in size with adequate FDG signal characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of the two aluminum alloys 6005A‐5083 were investigated and their correlation was discussed. In contrast to FSW joints of the same aluminum material, this results in a "V" shape curve of hardness distributed nonsymmetrically along the weld. The lowest hardness area occurs at the interface between the heat‐affected zone and the thermo‐mechanically affected zone of 6005A (6‐HAZ and 6‐TMAZ) due to the transformation of the β" phase under the influence of heat input during the stir friction process. This also leads to all tensile specimens fracturing in this area. The corrosion behavior of the FSW joint in acidic solution containing Cl− was determined by an exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) test, an intergranular corrosion (IGC) test, and potentiodynamic polarization measurements, based on the potential application in acid rain environment. The results showed that the corrosion resistance order in the acidic solution is: 6‐HAZ > NZ > 6‐BM > 5‐HAZ > 5‐BM. The 5‐BM has the worst corrosion resistance due to the high corrosion sensitivity of Al3Mg2 in acidic solution. However, good corrosion resistances are shown in NZ and 6‐HAZ, which is related to a relatively homogeneous microstructure in NZ and a dissolution or coarsening of β" phases in 6‐HAZ because of frictional heat input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mental health of patients with temporomandibular disorder or other jaw dysfunction is a primary concern in clinical practice, but the extent of these symptoms in this patient subset is not yet well understood. Objectives: This cross‐sectional study aimed to compare the mental health and jaw function between patients with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR) and healthy individuals. Methods: In total, 170 patients with ADDWR and 163 healthy participants enrolled in this study from March 2020 to December 2021. All participants completed a single assessment, including a pain rating and several questionnaires to assess jaw dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. All scores and the grade distribution of somatization, depression and anxiety were analysed between groups. Results: Significant differences were found in measures of pain, jaw function and somatization; the ADDWR group had significantly higher pain and functional jaw limitations than the healthy group. The grade distribution of somatic symptoms also differed between groups: the distribution of patients who reported mild and above scores in the ADDWR group was significantly higher than that of the healthy group. Depression and anxiety scores or grade distributions were not significantly different by group. Conclusion: The jaw function of patients seeking treatment for ADDWR was lower than that of non‐TMD individuals. They did not show high anxiety and depression symptoms, but their somatic symptoms were more apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orbital degree of freedom plays a crucial role in governing the physical and chemical properties of solid materials, and it is widely investigated in the fields of physics, material science, and chemistry. Typically, orbital‐energy‐related scenarios, such as d‐band center or electron occupancy, have been discussed in the catalytic materials, since they can control the surface‐adsorbate bonding strength to modulate the catalytic activity. However, the impact of orbital morphology, that is the “posture” of orbitals on catalysts' surfaces, has never been studied. Here the importance of 3d‐orbital morphology on the activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a strongly correlated oxide α‐Ti2O3 is highlighted. Superior ORR performance is observed in α‐Ti2O3 (Ti3+:3d1) than that of the anatase and rutile TiO2 (Ti4+:3d0), with higher Faradaic efficiency (87.3%) and H2O2 selectivity (93.2%). More importantly, a novel orbital‐morphology‐based mechanism is developed and the orbital morphology dominates the catalytic activity by determining the surface‐adsorbates d–p orbital hybridization via orbitals' overlap, resulting in a crystal‐plane‐dependent ORR activity in α‐Ti2O3. The work reveals the strong interplay between the orbital morphology, d–p hybridization, and ORR activity, which broadens the fundamental understanding of catalysts from a new view of the orbital degree of freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitivity of fluorescent sensors is crucial for their applications. In this study, we propose a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated optical fibre–hybrid waveguide-fibre sensing structure for ultrasensitive fluorescence detection. In such a structure, the MIP coated-hybrid waveguide acts as a sensing probe, and the two co-axially connected optical fibres act as a highly efficient probing light launcher and a fluorescence signal collector, respectively. For the dual-layered waveguide sensing probe, the inner hybrid waveguide core was fabricated using a hollow quartz nanoparticle–hybridized polymer composite with a low refractive index, and the outer MIP coating layer possesses a high refractive index. Simulations showed that this dual-layer configuration can cause light propagation from the waveguide core to the MIP sensing layer with an efficiency of 98%, which is essential for detection. To validate this concept, we adopted a popular fluorescent dye, rhodamine B, to evaluate the sensing characteristics of the proposed system. We achieved an extremely low limit of detection of approximately 1.3 × 10−19 g ml−1 (approximately 0.27 aM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two catalysts reduced the co-pyrolysis residuals of coffee grounds and polyethylene. • The addition of HY catalyst reduced the activation energy of the co-pyrolysis. • HY and HZSM-5-catalyzed co-pyrolysis increased the quantity of aromatics. • Products with high carbon quantity turned into ones with low carbon one. The effects of the HZSM-5 and HY catalysts on the co-pyrolysis performance and product distribution of coffee grounds and polyethylene (CP73) were characterized via thermogravimetric analyzer with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The addition of HZSM-5 and HY facilitated the decomposition of CP73 and reduced its residual content. HY-catalyzed CP73 (CP73/HY) exhibited the lower residual content, with a 9.09 % decrease, than did CP73 (eliminating the influence of the mixing ratio). The addition of the catalysts did not enhance the pyrolysis performance of CP73; however, an increase in the mean decomposition rate promoted its decomposition. The addition of the catalysts significantly reduced the activation energy of CP73 to varying degrees. The maximum reduction in the activation energy occurred with CP73/HY, from 218.58 kJ/mol for CP73 to 191.86 kJ/mol. The addition of HY and HZSM-5 produced up to 35.94 % and 46.43 % aromatics, respectively, relative to that of CP73. In particular, CP73/HZSM-5 generated a higher quantity of monocyclic aromatics, whereas CP73/HY produced a greater amount of alkylbenzenes than did CP73. This study provides actionable insights into the practical implementation of the catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Identification of a Kavain Analog with Efficient Anti-inflammatory Effects" published in Scientific Reports. The original article contained errors in Figure 5C, where an image belonging to a different dataset partially overlapped with the corresponding panel. The corrected figure and legend have been provided. Additionally, there was an error in the Materials and Methods section regarding the age of the mice used in the study, which has been corrected. The authors of the article are Olivier Huck, Xiaxian Han, Hannah Mulhall, Iryna Gumenchuk, Bin Cai, James Panek, Radha Iyer, and Salomon Amar. [Extracted from the article]

The given text is a collection of scientific documents discussing the synthesis and characterization of various compounds. The compounds mentioned include vinblastine analogues, indoles, Benzofuran 12, compound 12, benzofuran 13, compounds 13 and 14, compounds 15 and 27, the second diastereomer of compound 15, compound 16, compound 17, and compounds 18 and 19. The documents provide detailed procedures for the synthesis of these compounds, as well as information about their physical properties and spectroscopic data. The information presented can be useful for researchers studying these compounds and their properties. [Extracted from the article]

• A simple and fast hydrothermal synthesis method was proposed in this paper to synthesize an electrode material with a heterostructure of NiMoO 4 nanoneedles and high-performance flower-shaped NiCoZn-LDH on a foam nickel substrate. • The electrochemical performance of the NiCoZn-LDH@NMO@NF nanoneedle composite electrode material, treated with CTAB, is significantly superior to that of the untreated NiMoO 4 @NF electrode. • It shows excellent electrochemical properties, including a specific capacitance of 3541 mF/cm2 in KOH solution and an outstanding capacity retention of 83.04 % after 10,000 cycles. Transition metal hydroxides have attracted wide attention as promising composite nanomaterials due to their numerous active sites and large specific surface areas. In this study, a two-step hydrothermal synthesis method is proposed to generate a heterostructure (NiCoZn-LDH@NiMoO 4 @NF) consisting of nanoflowers coated with nanoneedles on a foam nickel substrate. The aggregation issue of NiCoZn-LDH is effectively improved by immersing it in CTAB solution after one-step hydrothermal synthesis of NiMoO 4 nanoneedles on Ni Foam (NF). The heterostructure between NiMoO 4 nanoneedles and NiCoZn-LDH significantly enhances the material stability and electrochemical performance. Activated carbon is used as the negative electrode, and the NiCoZn-LDH@NiMoO 4 @NF composite material is used as the positive electrode to assemble an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device for electrochemical testing. The device exhibits a specific capacitance of 3541 mF/cm2 at a current density of 6 mA/cm2. Furthermore, the capacity retention rate remains at 83.04 % after 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge, and a high specific energy density of 0.735 mWh/cm2 is achieved at a power density of 1.6 mW/cm2. The experimental results demonstrate that transition metal hydroxides play a crucial role in enhancing the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. This study provides new insights into Supercapacitor (SC) active materials and offers a promising experimental approach for synthesizing new nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bioenergy and byproducts of Lycium barbarum (LBL) pyrolysis were quantified. • LBL contained 42.49% hemicellulose, 31.65% cellulose, and 25.86% lignin. • Main pyrolytic products were ketones, alcohols, and furans. • The activation energy of LBL pyrolysis varied between 133.10 and 318.36 kJ/mol. • Operational pyrolysis settings were jointly optimized via artificial intelligence. The substantial stream of Lycium barbarum (LBL) residues presents an opportunity for the valorized generation of energy and products through their pyrolysis. This study aimed to quantify the pyrolytic bioenergy potential of LBL by assessing its physicochemical properties, pyrolysis performance, kinetics, thermodynamics, volatile products, bio-oils, and biochars. The LBL pyrolysis consisted of the three consecutive stages of dehydration, devolatilization, and charring or carbonization of the residuals. The main pyrolysis temperature varied between 125.00 and 700.00 °C. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the LBL pyrolysis (0.1 < α < 0.9) were estimated via the Friedman method. Its activation energy ranged from 133.10 to 318.36 kJ/mol. Gases and functional groups identified included H 2 O, CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, C C, C-O, and C-OH. The primary pyrolytic outputs comprised ketones/alcohols, furans, acids, and N-containing compounds. Artificial neural networks were employed to jointly reconstruct and optimize the pyrolysis conditions. The simultaneously minimum gas emissions occurred at 677 and 1000 °C. The temperature dependence of pyrolytic biochar production was also characterized. The formation of pores was attributed to the increased pyrolysis temperature, increasing both the release of volatiles and the carbonization degree of activated carbon. This study provides both theoretical insights and practical guidance for the comprehensive utilization and effective management of Lycium barbarum residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband and plasmonic absorbers (PAs) are key components for numerous applications in the fields of energy harvesting, thermal photonics, optoelectronic devices, and enhanced spectroscopy. In this work, we propose a simple and cost-effective metamaterial plasmonic absorber (MPA) design based on an all-dielectric GaAs pyramid nanostructure for the full solar radiation spectrum range. Simulation results demonstrate that the absorbance of the proposed MPA exceeds 85% in the full solar spectrum range, and it exceeds 90% from 0.25 μm to 3.1 μm with a relative bandwidth of approximately 170.74%, with an absorption peak up to 99% at resonance wavelength. The high absorption is attributed to the excitation of wave-guide mode, surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance modes combined with coupling effect and intrinsic lossy of dielectric GaAs and metallic tungsten (W). Furthermore, the proposed MPA is polarization-independent and wide incident angles for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Additionally, the MPA can tolerate certain structural parameter errors during practical fabrication applications. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of this MPA for solar cell applications are investigated, revealing the achievement of high short-circuit current density. Our proposed design is highly promising for applications in solar energy harvesting, thermoelectric, and thermal emitter applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent discoveries in Yunnan province have confirmed the presence of the Hoabinhian technocomplex in this southern part of China. Compared with the history of Hoabinhian research in Southeast Asia, which goes back almost a century with numerous Hoabinhian sites dating back to the late Upper Pleistocene and Holocene, southwest China is still a blank page on the Hoabinhian question until recent years. For the vast territory of Yunnan (394,000 km2), we currently have only two published ancient Hoabinhian sites (Xiaodong rockshelter and Dedan cave) with reliable dating and typo-technological studies. To test the "Chinese Hoabinhian Homeland" hypothesis and the geo-strategic importance of Yunnan in migration routes to Southeast Asia, proposed in previous studies, modern archaeological methods should enable more sites in these southern Chinese regions to be discovered, excavated and studied. Firstly, fieldwork carried out in southwestern Yunnan in recent years (investigation, prospecting, excavation, etc.), where numerous lithic artefacts with Hoabinhian affinities have been collected, is discussed. The aim of this article is to present the typo-technological composition of these unpublished lithic assemblages from nine caves and open-air localities. Although we do not yet have precise stratigraphic information, their presence could nonetheless confirm the presence of the Hoabinhian lithic tradition in this region located in the upper reaches of the Mekong and Salween rivers within the most northerly humid tropical forest environment in Southeast Asia. Finally, we will discuss the diffusion strategy of Hoabinhian settlements in East Asia in a specific environmental and geographical context, as well as their possible dispersal along the river routes that irrigate and structure the relief of Southwest China and Peninsular Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Testicular inflammation induced by aging is identified as a potential risk factor for late-onset hypogonadism. • TNFAIP3, an anti-inflammatory factor, demonstrates close involvement in various aging and inflammatory diseases. • Our study reveals TNFAIP3 promotes testosterone production and suppresses apoptosis in Leydig cells within the aging inflammatory microenvironment. The aging inflammatory microenvironment surrounding Leydig cells is linked to reduced testosterone levels in males. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) acts as a critical anti-inflammatory factor in various aging-related diseases. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of TNFAIP3 on testosterone production in Leydig cells under an aging inflammatory microenvironment. Bioinformatics analysis examined TNFAIP3 expression differences in aging rat testes and validated the findings in aging mouse testes. In vitro models of inflammation were established using two Leydig cell lines, with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as the inflammatory factor. Lentiviral transduction was utilized to manipulate TNFAIP3 expression in these cell lines. Transcriptomic sequencing identified differentially expressed genes in TNFAIP3-overexpressing cells. Bioinformatics analysis and validation experiments revealed increased inflammatory signaling and elevated TNFAIP3 expression in aging rat and mouse testes. TNFAIP3 knockdown worsened testosterone synthesis inhibition and apoptosis in cells, while TNFAIP3 overexpression reversed these effects. Transcriptome analysis identified alterations in the P38MAPK pathway following TNFAIP3 overexpression. TNFAIP3 knockdown enhanced TNF-induced P38MAPK signaling, whereas its overexpression attenuated this effect. TNFAIP3 was found to regulate testosterone synthesis by upregulating CEBPB expression. TNFAIP3 exhibits inhibitory effects on apoptosis and promotes testosterone production in Leydig cells. The protective influence of TNFAIP3 on Leydig cells within an inflammatory microenvironment is likely mediated through by inhibiting the P38MAPK pathway and upregulating CEBPB expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By systematically regulating the Fe-O coordination number of feroxyhyte (δ-FeOOH), we disclosed the structure–activity relationship and developed a highly efficient Fenton-like catalyst. [Display omitted] • Coordination number of Fe atoms were regulated through tuning δ-FeOOH thickness. • 5-coordinated Fe sites accelerate the rate-limiting step and facilitate the PMS activation. • The PMS utilization efficiency achieved as high as 78.40%. • The catalytic mechanism of low coordination Fe sites were proposed. • Fe-O 5 nanosheets were assembled into laminar membrane for micropollutants treatment. Efficient purification of water is essential to remove organic micropollutants for human and environmental health. The development of catalysts with high activity and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) utilization efficiency for removal of organic micropollutants remains challenging. Inspired by natural enzymes, we designed δ-FeOOH nanosheets with abundant 5-coordinated iron sites, which are responsible for the formation of iron-peroxy (FeIII-O-O-FeIII) species with PMS. The iron-peroxy species can directly oxidize and degrade electron-rich micropollutants (e.g. BPA) with an ultra-high PMS utilization efficiency of 78.4%. A laminar membrane constructed from a stack of δ-FeOOH nanosheets, replete with an abundance of 5-coordinated iron sites. The laminar membrane can degrade multiple micropollutants by almost 100% due to nonlinear transport between the δ-FeOOH nanolayers, compared with the dispersed catalyst. This work would motivate the community to focus more on the diversified behavior of the coordination number of active centers in the design of efficient catalysts for water purification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An algorithm is designed to reduce the network blocking rate. • Markov Decision Process based state transfer is provided for online RMSA in real-time. • Offline Deep Q-Network based algorithm is provided to get a well-trained Q-network helping the RMSA state transfer. • The experience priority replay mechanism and Sumtree are introduced to speed up Deep Q-Network training. The continuous growth of the network communication demand puts higher requirements on the network infrastructures. The elastic optical network (EON) has great potential to support the continued demands for communication bandwidth. Efficient use of bandwidth resources of EON has been particularly important to alleviate network blocking, which depends on routing, modulation, and spectrum allocation processes (RMSA). However, the time-varying states of EON caused by the uncertainty of future demands make it a lot tougher to realize the online RMSA in real time. To solve the above problem, this paper proposes a kind of Deep Q Network (DQN) algorithm with prioritized experience replay mechanism to perform the RMSA process in real-time. The proposed algorithm includes two parts. One is the Markov Decision Process (MDP) based state transfer for online RMSA by a trained Q-network. The other is an offline DQN-based algorithm for getting a trained Q-network to help the decision-making of RMSA state transfer, where the experience priority replay mechanism and Sumtree are introduced to speed up DQN training. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional Deep Q Network algorithm, the proposed algorithm nearly doubles the Q-network training speed. And compared with the traditional sp + ff algorithm, the trained Q-network reduces the blocking rate by nearly 35 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]