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Background: It is an important clinical means to identify benign and malignant breast diseases caused by nipple discharge through the detection and analysis of components in nipple discharge. This study was aimed to test the expression and clinical significance of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in nipple discharge of breast cancer patients. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, 86 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with nipple discharge (breast cancer group) and 50 patients with ordinary breast duct hyperplasia with nipple discharge (benign control group) were selected, and the levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge and serum were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge and serum in benign control group were significantly lower than those in the breast cancer group, and the levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in serum were obviously lower than those in nipple discharge. The expression levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge in the breast cancer group had no significant difference in different age of onset and different tumor sites. The CA125, CA153 and CEA levels in nipple discharge of patients with tumor diameter 5 cm, low differentiation, high stage, metastasis, and recurrence were obviously elevated versus to those of patients with tumor diameter

The joint transmit and receive beamforming algorithm has been envisioned to optimise the target's signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio by co‐designing the transmit and receive beamforming vectors simultaneously. However, the traditional design concepts for this algorithm only consider the monostatic radar system, which may not work as well for the multistatic radar system. The authors present a novel transmit and receive beamforming algorithm for the multistatic radar system that includes a common transmitter and multiple receivers. The transmit beamforming vector can directly influence the output signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio of each radar subsystem. To ensure the balanced performance of the subsystems, the authors propose a weighted sum of the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio optimisation problem to co‐design the transmit and receive beamforming. The proposed problem is non‐convex, and the authors construct an iterative algorithm to solve it using semi‐definite relaxation and slack‐variable replacement techniques. By using pre‐determined weights, the output performance of each radar subsystem can be effectively regulated. The simulation results confirm that the proposed algorithm can ensure better output signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio for the entire multistatic radar system than the conventional joint transmit and receive beamforming algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a new approach for performing drained and undrained loading of elastoplastic geomaterials over large deformations using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a meshfree continuum particle method, combined with the modified Cam Clay (MCC) model of critical state soil mechanics. The numerical approach draws upon a novel one‐particle two‐phase penalty‐method based formulation for handling undrained loading in saturated soils, which allows tracking of the buildup of pore‐water pressures under combined shearing and compression. Large‐scale parallelized simulations are employed to accommodate a significant number of degrees of freedom in a three‐dimensional setting. After verification and benchmark testing, the SPH based formulation is used to analyze the propagation of reverse faults through fluid‐saturated clay deposits and the rupture of strike‐slip faults across earthen embankments. The computational methodology tests the robustness of the meshfree approach in situations where the soil tends to dilate on the ‘dry’ side of the critical state line and to compact on the ‘wet’ side, but cannot, because of the incompressibility constraint imposed by undrained loading. Our results extend the current understanding of fault rupture modeling and further demonstrate the potential of our framework together with the SPH method for large deformation analyses of complex problems in geotechnics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elucidating the formation mechanism of plastisphere antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on different polymers is necessary to understand the ecological risks of plastisphere ARGs. Here, we explored the turnover and assembly mechanism of plastisphere ARGs on 8 different microplastic polymers (4 biodegradable (bMPs) and 4 non-biodegradable microplastics (nMPs)) by metagenomic sequencing. Our study revealed the presence of 479 ARGs with abundance ranging from 41.37 to 58.17 copies/16S rRNA gene in all plastispheres. These ARGs were predominantly multidrug resistance genes. The richness of plastisphere ARGs on different polymers had a significant correlation with the contribution of species turnover to plastisphere ARGs β diversity. Furthermore, polymer type was the most critical factor affecting the composition of plastisphere ARGs. More opportunistic pathogens carrying diverse ARGs on BMPs (PBAT, PBS, and PHA) with higher horizontal gene transfer potential may further magnify the ecological risks and human health threats. For example, the opportunistic pathogens Riemerella anatipestifer, Vibrio campbellii, and Vibrio cholerae are closely related to human production and life, which were the important potential hosts of many plastisphere ARGs and mobile genetic elements on BMPs. Thus, we emphasize the urgency of developing the formation mechanism of plastisphere ARGs and the necessity of controlling BMPs and ARG pollution, especially BMPs, with ever-increasing usage in daily life., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The relationship between Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and postoperative complications, such as postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), remains a subject of ongoing debate., Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether there is an association between perioperative Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and postoperative complications., Design: We conducted a meta-analysis of observational clinical studies that explored the correlation between Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and POD or POCD in patients who have undergone surgery, following PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was previously published (INPLASY: INPLASY202350001)., Data Sources: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases until March 2023., Eligibility Criteria: Surgical patients aged at least 18 years, studies focusing on POD or POCD, research involving Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, including Aβ or tau in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and availability of the full text., Results: Our meta-analysis included 15 studies: six focusing on POD and nine on POCD. The findings revealed a negative correlation between preoperative CSF β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) levels and the onset of POD [mean difference -86.1, 95% confidence interval (CI), -114.15 to -58.05, I2 : 47%]; this association was strongly supported by trial sequential analysis (TSA). A similar negative correlation was discerned between preoperative CSF Aβ42 levels and the incidence of POCD (-165.01, 95% CI, -261.48 to -68.53, I2 : 95%). The TSA also provided robust evidence for this finding; however, the evidence remains insufficient to confirm a relationship between other Alzheimer's disease biomarkers [β-amyloid 40 (Aβ40), total tau (T-tau), phosphorylated tau (P-tau), and Aβ42/T-tau ratio] and POD or POCD., Conclusion: The study results indicate a negative correlation between preoperative CSF Aβ42 levels and the occurrence of both POD and POCD. Future investigations are warranted to identify the predictive cutoff value of preoperative CSF Aβ42 for POD and POCD., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.)