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Within cell plasma membranes, unsaturated lipids are asymmetrically distributed over the inner and outer leaflets, offering an attractive local structural feature. However, the mechanism to keep lipid transmembrane asymmetry and the closely related transmembrane movement (flip-flop) for unsaturated lipids remain poorly understood. Here, we applied sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to investigate this lipid transmembrane asymmetry upon mimicking the cell membrane homeostatic processes. On the one hand, unsaturated lipids were found to hinder the flip-flop process and preserve lipid transmembrane asymmetry in model cell membranes, owing to the steric hindrance caused by their bent tails. On the other hand, local unsaturated lipids in the mixed unsaturated/saturated lipid bilayer were conducive to the formation of the local asymmetry. Therefore, lipid unsaturation can be recognized as an intrinsic key factor to form and maintain lipid transmembrane asymmetry in cell membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Defective MnCo-LDH nanoflowers is obtained by simple hydrothermal method. • The MnCo-LDH shows well 3D nanostructure and bimetallic defective vacancy. • The activity of MnCo-LDH is excellent as HER and OER bifunctional catalysts. • The MnCo-LDH show high catalytic activity and stability in potential application. Manganese-cobalt layered double hydroxide (MnCo-LDH) is a kind of layered bimetallic hydroxide with good catalytic performance and stability for water decomposition. In this paper, a series of defective MnCo-LDH materials with different Mn/Co molar ratio was prepared by hydrothermal method. The results show that the MnCo-nanoflowers containing Mn and Co elements are successfully prepared, and all of them contain N, O, Mn and Co elements. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance of Co vacancy (V Co)-MnCo-LDH is better than that of commercial electrode Pt/C, and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic performance of Mn vacancy (V Mn)-MnCo-LDH is better than that of commercial electrode RuO 2. Two-electrode overall water splitting (OWS) test showed that the overpotential required by V Mn -MnCo-LDH/NF||V Co -MnCo-LDH/NF and Pt/C/NF||RuO 2 /NF were 1.56 V and 1.72 V respectively at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and the catalytic activity of the prepared defective MnCo-LDH is excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for both HER and OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trueperella pyogenes is an important opportunistic pathogenic bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Pyolysin (PLO) is a primary virulence factor of T. pyogenes and capable of lysing many different cells. PLO is a member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family of which the primary structure only presents a low level of homology with other members from 31% to 45%. By deeply studying PLO, we can understand the overall pathogenic mechanism of CDC family proteins. This study established a mouse muscle tissue model infected with recombinant PLO (rPLO) and its single-point mutations, rPLO N139K and rPLO F240A, and explored its mechanism of causing inflammatory damage. The inflammatory injury abilities of rPLO N139K and rPLO F240A are significantly reduced compared to rPLO. This study elaborated on the inflammatory mechanism of PLO by examining its unit point mutations in detail. Our data also provide a theoretical basis and practical significance for future research on toxins and bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their exceptional mechanical characteristics and corrosion resistance, CoCrNi medium-entropy alloys have been the subject of increasing interest in recent years. In this study, CoCrNi medium entropy alloys strengthened with iron-based amorphous materials were fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology, with established gradients at 0, 3, 5, and 7 wt%. At room temperature, the yield strength and hardness of the CoCrNi-5MG specimen showed marked improvements of 27.5 % and 34.7 % respectively, compared to its pure CoCrNi counterpart, while still preserving a considerable fracture elongation of 24 %. Under low-temperature conditions, all samples prepared via Selective Laser Melting (SLM) demonstrated significant improvements in yield strength and fracture plasticity. Furthermore, the CoCrNi samples doped with iron-based amorphous material exhibited superior low-temperature performance, with the increase in plasticity exceeding that of the Pure CoCrNi samples compared to room temperature conditions. Importantly, an increase in the content of iron-based amorphous material resulted in a decrease in the corrosion current density, thereby noticeably enhancing corrosion resistance. Our study proposes an innovative approach to enhancing the strength and corrosion resistance of CoCrNi medium-entropy alloys. This is achieved by incorporating iron-based amorphous materials during the SLM preparation process, thereby providing a new avenue for optimizing its properties. • CoCrNi MEAs with iron-based amorphous material were fabricated by SLM, enhancing mechanical properties. • CoCrNi-5MG enhanced hardness and yield strength by 34.7% and 27.5% over pure CoCrNi, while maintaining good plasticity. • CoCrNi alloys doped with iron-based amorphous elevate low-temp mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hastelloy X (HX) is used in a wide range of aerospace applications due to its excellent high-temperature properties, Dynamic strain aging (DSA) and Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) are of great interest as they affect the mechanical behavior at high temperatures. In this study, the serrated flow behavior of highly textured Hastelloy X fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated during uniaxial straining over a wide range of temperatures (20–800 °C) and strain rates (5×10−2 s−1 to 5×10−4 s−1). The alloy exhibits different types of tensile serrated flow in the temperature range of 200–600 °C. The alloy has been shown to have a very good tensile flow behavior. The presence of the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect (PLC) due to dynamic strain failure was observed at temperatures lower than 600 °C, respectively, with an average activation energy value of 45 kJ/mol calculated using the quasi-static aging (McCormick) model, and an average activation energy value calculated using the solute resistance (Cottrell) model of 41.8 kJ/mol, which is significantly lower than the 80–130 kJ/mol of conventionally fabricated HX. The effects of temperature and strain rate on fracture morphology and microstructure were analyzed by SEM, and the dynamic recrystallization behavior and nucleation mechanism were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The changes in the content of recrystallized texture Cube and deformed texture Goss at different deformation temperatures are explained, and the dynamic recrystallization mode changes, from continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) as the deformation temperature increase. Verification of the different DRX mechanisms contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the microstructural evolution of the hot deformation of HX fabricated by LPBF. • The highly textured Hastelloy X was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. • Influence of temperature and strain rate on serrated flow behavior of HX were investigated. • EBSD was utilized to determine the dynamic recrystallization mechanism and changes in texture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It was hypothesized that use of proton beam therapy (PBT) in patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiation and consolidative immune checkpoint inhibition is associated with fewer unplanned hospitalizations compared with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods: Patients with locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer treated between October 2017 and December 2021 with concurrent chemoradiation with either IMRT or PBT ± consolidative immune checkpoint inhibition were retrospectively identified. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of radiation therapy technique with 90‐day hospitalization and grade 3 (G3+) lymphopenia. Competing risk regression was used to compare G3+ pneumonitis, G3+ esophagitis, and G3+ cardiac events. Kaplan–Meier method was used for progression‐free survival and overall survival. Inverse probability treatment weighting was applied to adjust for differences in PBT and IMRT groups. Results: Of 316 patients, 117 (37%) received PBT and 199 (63%) received IMRT. The PBT group was older (p <.001) and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (p =.02). The PBT group received a lower mean heart dose (p <.0001), left anterior descending artery V15 Gy (p =.001), mean lung dose (p =.008), and effective dose to immune circulating cells (p <.001). On inverse probability treatment weighting analysis, PBT was associated with fewer unplanned hospitalizations (adjusted odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38–0.81; p =.002) and less G3+ lymphopenia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37–0.81; p =.003). There was no difference in other G3+ toxicities, progression‐free survival, or overall survival. Conclusions: PBT is associated with fewer unplanned hospitalizations, lower effective dose to immune circulating cells and less G3+ lymphopenia compared with IMRT. Minimizing dose to lymphocytes may be warranted, but prospective data are needed. The use of proton beam therapy in locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer is associated with fewer 90‐day acute hospitalizations, lower effective dose to immune circulating cells, and less grade 3+ lymphopenia compared with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops a thermodynamic entropy-based life prediction model to estimate the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) life of the nickel-based superalloy GH4169 at elevated temperature (650 °C). The gauge section of the specimen was chosen as the thermodynamic system for modeling entropy generation within the framework of the Chaboche viscoplasticity constitutive theory. Furthermore, an explicitly numerical integration algorithm was compiled to calculate the cyclic stress–strain responses and thermodynamic entropy generation for establishing the framework for fatigue life assessment. A thermodynamic entropy-based life prediction model is proposed with a damage parameter based on entropy generation considering the influence of loading ratio. Fatigue lives for GH4169 at 650 °C under various loading conditions were estimated utilizing the proposed model, and the results showed good consistency with the experimental results. Finally, compared to the existing classical models, such as Manson–Coffin, Ostergren, Walker strain, and SWT, the thermodynamic entropy-based life prediction model provided significantly better life prediction results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to describe the patterns of failure, frequency of low-volume relapse (LVR), and candidacy for ablative therapy at time of disease progression (PD) after chemoradiation and consolidative immunotherapy (CRT + ICI) in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. We identified 229 consecutive patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer treated with CRT + ICI between October 2017 and December 2021 at a single institution. PD was classified as isolated locoregional failure (LRF), isolated distant failure (DF), or synchronous LRF + DF. Any LRF was subclassified as in-field failure, marginal failure, or out-of-field failure. LVR was defined as 3 or fewer sites of PD in any number of organs. Ablative candidates were defined as having 5 or fewer sites of PD radiographically amenable to high-dose radiation or surgery. Time-to-event data were calculated using cumulative incidence analysis and Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariable Cox modeling was used to examine the correlations between characteristics of relapse and postprogression survival. Of the 229 patients, 119 (52%) had PD. Of these 119 patients, 20 (21%) had isolated LRF, 28 (24%) had synchronous LRF + DF, and 71 (60%) had isolated DF. Of the 48 patients with any LRF, 28 (58%) had in-field failure, 10 (21%) marginal failure, and 10 (21%) out-of-field failure. The cumulative incidence of LRF and DF was 13% (95% CI, 9.2%-18%) and 32% (95% CI, 26%-38%) at 1 year and 19% (95% CI, 14%-24%) and 39% (95% CI, 33%-46%) at 2 years, respectively. Overall, 64 patients (54%) were considered to have LVR. At time of PD, 60 patients (50%) were eligible for ablative therapy. Patients with LVR had longer median survival versus with high-volume relapse (37.4 vs 15.2 months, P <.001). On multivariable analysis, LVR (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.18-0.56; P <.001) was associated with improved postprogression survival. After CRT + ICI, approximately half of patients experience LVR at time of PD and are candidates for ablative therapies. Prospective trials are needed to validate the optimal treatment strategy for LVR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We hypothesized that after adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) consolidation for patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) receiving concurrent chemoradiation therapy (cCRT), rates of symptomatic pneumonitis would increase, thereby supporting efforts to reduce lung radiation dose. This single institution, multisite retrospective study included 783 patients with LA-NSCLC treated with definitive cCRT either before introduction of ICI consolidation (pre-ICI era cohort [January 2011-September 2017]; N = 448) or afterward (ICI era cohort [October 2017-December 2021]; N = 335). Primary endpoint was grade ≥2 pneumonitis (G2P) and secondary endpoint was grade ≥3 pneumonitis (G3P), per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. Pneumonitis was compared between pre-ICI era and ICI era cohorts using the cumulative incidence function and Gray's test. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Fine-Gray models were generated. Logistic models were developed to predict the 1-year probability of G2P as a function of lung dosimetry. G2P was higher in the ICI era than in the pre-ICI era (1-year cumulative incidence 31.4% vs 20.1%; P <.001; IPTW-adjusted multivariable subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-2.70; P <.001). There was no significant interaction between ICI era treatment and either lung volume receiving ≥20 Gy (V20) or mean lung dose in Fine-Gray regression for G2P; however, the predicted probability of G2P was higher in the ICI era at clinically relevant values of lung V20 (≥24%) and mean lung dose (≥14 Gy). Cut-point analysis revealed a lung V20 threshold of 28% in the ICI era (1-year G2P rate 46.0% above vs 19.8% below; P <.001). Among patients receiving ICI consolidation, lung V5 was not associated with G2P. G3P was not higher in the ICI era (1-year cumulative incidence 7.5% vs 6.0%; P =.39; IPTW-adjusted multivariable subdistribution hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-2.01; P =.70). In patients with LA-NSCLC treated with cCRT, the adoption of ICI consolidation was associated with an increase in G2P but not G3P. With ICI consolidation, stricter lung dose constraints may be warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polar metals, a family of materials with exclusive but coexisting electric polarization and metallicity, have attracted plenty of studies recently. Experimentally, how these two exclusive states interact with each other is still an open question thus far. Here, we report on the existence of ferroelectric metal states with switchable electric polarization and unexpected high carrier density in Ba0.5La0.5TiO3 films. A combination of atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, piezoresponse force microscopy, optical second harmonic generation, and electrical transport was utilized to investigate the crystal and electronic structures of Ba0.5La0.5TiO3 films. Unexpectedly, with the modulation of ferroelectricity, the density of conduction electrons can be tuned from 1019 to 1021 cm−3. Our results provide a way to design polar metals with coexisting switchable electric polarization and high-density conduction electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 4.5 billion tons of unconventional uranium resources [UO 2 (CO 3) 3 ]4- are uniformly dissolved in seawater, providing a sustainable and abundant fuel source for the development of nuclear energy. Herein, we presented a rational design and development of Ti 3 C 2 T x nanocontainer inspired by the exceptional selectivity and affinity exhibited by superb-uranyl proteins through amino acid intercalation. The amino acid intercalation of Ti 3 C 2 T x demonstrated exceptional UO 2 2+ capture capacity (Arg-Ti 3 C 2 T x , His-Ti 3 C 2 T x , and Lys-Ti 3 C 2 T x with q max values of 594.46, 846.04, and 1030.17 mg/g). Furthermore, these intercalated materials exhibited remarkable sequestration efficiency and selectivity (Uinitial = ∼45.2 ∼7636 μg/L; ∼84.45% ∼98.08%; and ∼2.72 ×104 ∼1.28 ×105 K d U value), despite the presence of an overwhelming surplus of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Co2+ ions. Significantly, even in the 0.3 M NaHCO 3 solution and surpassing 103-fold of the Na 3 VO 4 system, the adsorption efficiency of Lys-Ti 3 C 2 T x still achieved a remarkable 63.73% and 65.05%. Moreover, the Lys-Ti 3 C 2 T x can extract ∼30.23 ∼8664.03 μg/g uranium after 24 h contact in ∼13.3 ∼5000 μg/L concentration from uranium-spiked natural seawater. The mechanism analysis revealed that the high binding capability can be attributed to the chelation of carboxyl and amino groups with uranyl ions. This innovative state-of-the-art approach in regulating uranium harvesting capability through intercalation of amino acid molecules provides novel insights for extracting uranium from seawater. [Display omitted] • A bioinspired Ti 3 C 2 T x nanocontainer was constructed via facile chemical intercalation utilizing amino acid molecule. • The intercalation expansion effect, interlayer arrangement, and intercalation mechanism of amino acid molecules were elucidated. • The Lys-Ti 3 C 2 T x sample exhibited ultra-high uranyl uptake capability significantly higher than that of some reported layered compounds. • In natural uranium spiked-seawater, the Lys-Ti 3 C 2 T x showed 8.66 mg/g uranium harvesting capacity within a 24-hour period. • Mechanism analysis elucidated that the high uptake capability was attributed to the chelation of carboxyl and amino groups with uranyl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Finite element method for calculating material entropy generation based on the viscoplastic UMAT. • An entropy-based crack driving force was proposed within defined fracture process zone (FPZ). • A crack growth criterion based on cumulative entropy generation as crack grows a length of FPZ. • An entropy-based model was proposed to predict fatigue crack growth in GH4169 at high temperature. This paper developed an entropy-based approach to estimate the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of GH4169 at high temperature. Firstly, systematic FCG experiments of GH4169 at 650 °C were conducted to obtain the experimental data. Then, a finite element analysis combined with Chaboche viscoplasticity and node release technology was developed to obtain cyclic stress–strain responses and entropy generation fields. Based on thermodynamic analysis, numerous discrete material elements as sub-systems were divided along the crack growth direction in simplified representative 2D middle section. Fracture process zone (FPZ) was defined equal to the size of discrete material elements (ρ) which can be determined by distribution of normal stress perpendicular to the crack plane. Subsequently, an effective cyclic entropy generation related to ρ was defined as the crack driving force. Effective cumulative entropy generation was calculated when crack increment was ρ and the results indicated that effective cumulative entropy generation float within a certain range. The average of all effective cumulative entropy generation values was defined as crack growth entropy. Finally, an entropy-based FCG rate model was established to estimate the FCG behavior of GH4169, and a good correlation between experimental results and model predictions are achieved for all the high temperature FCG tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xianglianhuazhuo formula (XLHZ) has a potential therapeutic effect on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). However, the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. To evaluate the effect of XLHZ on CAG in vitro and in vivo and its potential mechanisms. A rat model of CAG was established using a composite modeling method, and the pathological changes and ultrastructure of gastric mucosa were observed. YY1/miR-320a/TFRC and ferroptosis-related molecules were detected. An MNNG-induced gastric epithelial cell model was established in vitro to evaluate the inhibitory effect of XLHZ on cell ferroptosis by observing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and molecules related to ferroptosis. The specific mechanism of action of XLHZ in treating CAG was elucidated by silencing or overexpression of targets. In vivo experiments showed that XLHZ could improve the pathological status and ultrastructure of gastric mucosa and inhibit ferroptosis by regulating the YY1/miR-320a/TFRC signaling pathway. The results in vitro demonstrated that transfection of miR-320a mimics inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting cell apoptosis. MiR-320a targeted TFRC and inhibited ferroptosis. Overexpression of TFRC reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-320a overexpression on cell proliferation. The effect of XLHZ was consistent with that of miR-320a. YY1 targeted miR-320a, and its overexpression promoted ferroptosis. XLHZ inhibited ferroptosis by regulating the YY1/miR-320a/TFRC signaling pathway, ultimately impeding the progression of CAG. [Display omitted] • XLHZ has protective effect on CAG. • XLHZ reduced the generation of ROS and ferroptosis. • XLHZ suppressed ferroptosis via activating the YY1/miR-320a/TFRC pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Higher EDIC was associated with inferior PFS and OS in a large cohort of locally advanced NSCLC treated with or without consolidative immunotherapy. • EDIC was a predictor of severe grade 4 lymphopenia. • Increased EDIC was associated with acute pneumonitis and unplanned hospitalization. • Proton therapy may be an effective tool to reduce EDIC. To explore the association of the effective dose to immune cells (EDIC) with disease control, lymphopenia, and toxicity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify methods to reduce EDIC. We abstracted data from all patients with locally advanced NSCLC treated with chemoradiation with or without consolidative immunotherapy over a ten-year period. Associations between EDIC and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were modeled with Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier method. Logistic regression was used to model predictors of lymphopenia and higher EDIC. Analyses were performed with EDIC as a continuous and categorical variable. Lymphopenia was graded per CTCAE v5.0. Overall, 786 patients were included (228 of which received consolidative immunotherapy); median EDIC was 4.7 Gy. Patients with EDIC < 4.7 Gy had a longer median PFS (15.3 vs. 9.0 months; p < 0.001) and OS (34.2 vs. 22.4 months; p < 0.001). On multivariable modeling, EDIC correlated with inferior PFS (HR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.01–1.14, p = 0.014) and OS (HR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.04–1.18, p = 0.002). EDIC was predictive of grade 4 lymphopenia (OR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.02–1.33, p = 0.026). EDIC ≥ 4.7 Gy was associated with increased grade 2 + pneumonitis (6-month incidence: 26 % vs 20 %, p = 0.04) and unplanned hospitalizations (90-day incidence: 40 % vs 30 %, p = 0.002). Compared to protons, photon therapy was associated with EDIC ≥ 4.7 Gy (OR 5.26, 95 % CI 3.71–7.69, p < 0.001) in multivariable modeling. EDIC is associated with inferior disease outcomes, treatment-related toxicity, and the development of severe lymphopenia. Proton therapy is associated with lower EDIC. Further investigations to limit radiation dose to the immune system appear warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cohort included 335 LA-NSCLC patients treated with CRT in the era of immunotherapy consolidation, modern RT techniques, and stricter cardiac dose constraints. • 2-year cumulative incidences of MACE & grade ≥ 3 cardiac events were 9.5 % & 20.4 %. • Cardiac RT dose was not associated with cardiac events. • Cardiac RT dose was associated with lung cancer mortality but not other cause mortality. We assessed the association of cardiac radiation dose with cardiac events and survival post-chemoradiation therapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) after adoption of modern radiation therapy (RT) techniques, stricter cardiac dose constraints, and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) consolidation. This single-institution, multi-site retrospective study included 335 patients with LA-NSCLC treated with definitive, concurrent CRT between October 2017 and December 2021. All patients were evaluated for ICI consolidation. Planning dose constraints included heart mean dose < 20 Gy (<10 Gy if feasible) and heart volume receiving ≥ 50 Gy (V50Gy) < 25 %. Twenty-one dosimetric parameters for three different cardiac structures (heart, left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD], and left ventricle) were extracted. Primary endpoint was any major adverse cardiac event (MACE) post-CRT, defined as acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, coronary revascularization, or cardiac-related death. Secondary endpoints were: grade ≥ 3 cardiac events (per CTCAE v5.0), overall survival (OS), lung cancer-specific mortality (LCSM), and other-cause mortality (OCM). Median age was 68 years, 139 (41 %) had baseline coronary heart disease, and 225 (67 %) received ICI consolidation. Proton therapy was used in 117 (35 %) and intensity-modulated RT in 199 (59 %). Median LAD V15Gy was 1.4 % (IQR 0–22) and median heart mean dose was 8.7 Gy (IQR 4.6–14.4). Median follow-up was 3.3 years. Two-year cumulative incidence of MACE was 9.5 % for all patients and 14.3 % for those with baseline coronary heart disease. Two-year cumulative incidence of grade ≥ 3 cardiac events was 20.4 %. No cardiac dosimetric parameter was associated with an increased risk of MACE or grade ≥ 3 cardiac events. On multivariable analysis, cardiac dose (LAD V15Gy and heart mean dose) was associated with worse OS, driven by an association with LCSM but not OCM. With modern RT techniques, stricter cardiac dose constraints, and ICI consolidation, cardiac dose was associated with LCSM but not OCM or cardiac events in patients with LA-NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]