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The electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) provides a promising alternative pathway for oxygen evolution in water electrolysis due to its lower thermodynamic barriers. Developing efficient nonprecious metal UOR catalysts is important. Rational design of heterogeneous structures to regulate the morphology and electronic structure is an effective method to improve the activity of electrocatalysts. Herein, a unique heterostructure of ultrathin NiCo-LDH supported by FeNiCoS4 was constructed for the UOR via a facile hydrothermal followed by electrodeposition process. The electrode exhibits superior activity and stability in a solution of 1 M KOH containing 0.33 M urea, with a potential of 1.366 V at 50 mA cm−2 and excellent durability over 48 h. The outstanding performance is attributed to the high conductivity of FeNiCoS4, ultrathin NiCo-LDH and the strong interface interaction between the two components, regulating the local electronic structure of the active metals. This work represents an effective strategy for the preparation of an efficient UOR catalyst with promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have shown great potential as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the abundant and available potassium reserves. However, their applications are hindered by unsatisfactory cycling stability of cathode materials. Herein, through electrochemical ion-exchange of the Na0.85Li0.12Ni0.22Mn0.66O2 compound, we reported P2-K0.56Na0.11Li0.12Ni0.22Mn0.66O2 (P2-KNaLNM) as a potential high-performance cathode for PIBs. The presence of Li plays a key role in suppressing the K+/vacancy ordering within transition metal slabs. Therefore, P2-KNaLNM underwent a simple single-phase reaction during intercalation/extraction of K+ ions. Consequently, P2-KNaLNM delivers a reversible capacity of 90.2 mA h g−1 and good capacity retention of 89.6% over 150 cycles at 0.2C between 1.5 and 4.6 V (vs. K+/K). Furthermore, a satisfactory capacity retention of 91.5% after 300 cycles is achieved at 0.5C because of the excellent K+ kinetics during the charge and discharge process. This work provides a feasible way to develop a promising cathode candidate for PIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy, such as wind power and photovoltaic power, has uncertain and intermittent characteristics and zero marginal cost characteristics. The traditional power market mechanism is difficult to adapt to the new power system with a high proportion of renewable energy, and the original market system needs to be reformed. This paper discusses the application of a VCG auction mechanism in the electricity market, proposes a two-stage VCG market-clearing model based on the VCG mechanism, including the day-ahead market and the real-time market, and discusses the nature of the VCG mechanism. In order to address the discrepancy between the actual output of stochastic generator sets in the real-time market and their pre-scheduled output in the day-ahead market due to prediction deviations, a method for calculating punitive costs is proposed. A reallocation method based on market entities' contributing factors to budget imbalance is proposed to address the issue of budget imbalance under the VCG mechanism, in order to achieve revenue and expenditure balance. Through an example, the incentive compatibility characteristics of the VCG mechanism are verified, the problems of the locational marginal pricing (LMP) mechanism in the stochastic electricity market with a high proportion of renewable energy are analyzed, the electricity prices of the LMP mechanism and the VCG mechanism under different renewable energy proportions are compared, and the redistribution of the budget imbalance of the VCG mechanism is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water cycle process will deeply affect water vapour isotope composition, in addition to the evaporation and condensation processes, the exchange process is also a crucial process that influences isotopic variations. To explore the mechanism of isotope exchange under isothermal saturation conditions, we developed an isotope exchange calculation equation for water vapour (IECEWV) based on the conservation of exchange quantity and conducted indoor trials with 100 control groups to validate the IECEWV. The experimental findings demonstrated that the isotopic values of water vapour exhibited enrichment, depletion, and stabilisation during the exchange process when the droplet size first increased and then stabilised, because of the interaction between the exchange state, isotopic gradients, and specific surface area of the droplets according to IECEWV. The variation trend of IECEWV calculated isotopes in water vapour was consistent with experimental value, with average maximum relative errors of 1.66 % for δ 2H and 3.19 % for δ 18O, and IECEWV analysis further indicates isotopes exchange can lead to the hydrogen and oxygen isotope line of water vapour deviate from the origin. Furthermore, the linear relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water vapour after exchanged can be characterised by linear clusters with the same slope, the d -excess of water vapour remains essentially constant. Future studies may combine the IECEWV with the Rayleigh fractionation model to explore the coordinated changes in precipitation and atmospheric water vapour isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. Building on conservation of resources theory, our study investigates how inclusive human resource management (IHRM) promotes nurses' innovative behavior through job crafting and further examines the moderating role of shared leadership. Background. Nurses' involvement in innovation is essential to improve nursing care delivery and accommodate changing medical environments, especially in the face of crisis events like the COVID-19 outbreak. However, knowledge about the relationship between human resource management and nurses' innovative behavior remains scarce. Methods. We collected three-wave data from 338 on-duty registered nurses at four public hospitals in China from November 2022 to January 2023. We used SPSS 22 to conduct hierarchical regressions to test our hypotheses. Results. IHRM positively predicted innovative behavior of nurses with the mediating role of job crafting. In addition, we found that IHRM was more effective in promoting job crafting and subsequent innovative behavior when nurses perceived high levels of shared leadership. Conclusion. IHRM initiated by the organization and shared leadership style are two collaborative approaches to facilitating nurses' job crafting, thereby responding to the imperative need to foster nurses' innovative behavior. Implications for Nursing Management. The present study emphasizes the important roles of IHRM and shared leadership in promoting nurses' job crafting and subsequent innovative behavior, providing theoretical and practical implications for nursing management in the current dynamic and challenging environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the construction and maintenance of Chinese Han Buddhist temples in modern China against the backdrop of societal transformation. Initially, it analyzes the profound impact of social changes since the mid-19th century on Buddhist monasteries, including political turmoil, economic development, and urbanization. Furthermore, the paper explores how temples were reconstructed and revitalized within this historical context, highlighting the monastic community's unwavering commitment to protecting the Dharma and ensuring its enduring presence. Additionally, this paper also explores the role of charismatic monks in enhancing the sanctity of temples and the influence of Buddhist institutional frameworks on the dynamics of state and society. The study employs a multifaceted analysis to understand the complex interplay between temple construction, economic development, and the cultural heritage of Buddhism in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hierarchical porous carbon exhibits enormous application potential in the field of energy storage. In this paper, we develop a facile method to prepare hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) derived from wood powder and using KMnO4 as the activator. The optimized HPC‐600 samples possess the large specific surface area with hierarchical porous structure and massive oxygen–containing functional groups. The HPC‐600 electrode shows a specific capacitance of 362.7 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a capacitance retention of 101.5 % after 10, 000 cycles. In addition, the assembled HPC‐600//HPC‐600 symmetric supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 18.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 600 W kg−1. This paper provides a new and convenient method for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]