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A novel metal-free synthesis of 3-substituted isocoumarins through a sequential O-acylation/Wittig reaction has been established. The readily accessible (2-carboxybenzyl)-triphenylphosphonium bromide and diverse chlorides produced various 1H-isochromen-1-one in the presence of triethylamine, employing sequential O-acylation and an intramolecular Wittig reaction of acid anhydride. Reactions using these facile conditions have exhibited high functional group tolerance and excellent yields (up to 90%). Moreover, the fluorescence properties of isocoumarin derivatives were evaluated at the theoretical and experimental levels to determine their potential application in fluorescent materials. These derivatives have good photoluminescence in THF with a large Stokes shift and an absolute fluorescence quantum yield of up to 14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye/salt separation has gained increasing attention in recent years, prompting the quest to find cost-effective and environmentally friendly raw materials for synthesizing high performance nanofiltration (NF) membrane for effective dye/salt separation. Herein, a high-performance loose-structured NF membrane was fabricated via a simple vacuum filtration method using a green nanomaterial, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF), by sequentially filtrating larger-sized and finer-sized TOCNFs on a microporous substrate, followed by crosslinking with trimesoyl chloride. The resulting TCM membrane possessed a separating layer composed entirely of pure TOCNF, eliminating the need for other polymer or nanomaterial additives. TCM membranes exhibit high performance and effective dye/salt selectivity. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis shows that the TCM membrane with the Fine-TOCNF layer has a tight layered structure. Further characterizations via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of functional groups and chemical bonds of the crosslinked membrane. Notably, the optimized TCM-5 membrane exhibits a rejection rate of over 99% for various dyes (Congo red and orange yellow) and 14.2% for NaCl, showcasing a potential candidate for efficient dye wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous observational studies have demonstrated a connection between the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gastrointestinal problems brought on by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, little is understood about how these factors impact on T2DM. Method: This study used data from the GWAS database on H. pylori antibodies, gastroduodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, T2DM and information on potential mediators: obesity, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels. Using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori and associated gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of developing of T2DM and explore the presence of mediators to ascertain the probable mechanisms. Results: Genetic evidence suggests that H. pylori IgG antibody (P = 0.006, b = 0.0945, OR = 1.0995, 95% CI = 1.023–1.176), H. pylori GroEL antibody (P = 0.028, OR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.004–1.064), gastroduodenal ulcers (P = 0.019, OR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.006–1.068) and chronic gastritis (P = 0.005, OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.012–1.074) are all linked to an increased risk of T2DM, additionally, H. pylori IgG antibody is associated with obesity (P = 0.034, OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.002–1.055). The results of MVMR showed that the pathogenic relationship between H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer in T2DM is mediated by blood glucose level and obesity, respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that H. pylori IgG antibody, H. pylori GroEL antibody, gastroduodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis are all related to t T2DM, and blood glucose level and obesity mediate the development of H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer on T2DM, respectively. These findings may inform new prevention and intervention strategies for T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We combined the CRISPR-Cas13a system with CMC chemical labeling, developing an approach that enables precise identification of pseudouridine (Ψ) sites at specific loci within ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNA). This method, with good efficiency and simplicity, detects Ψ sites through fluorescence measurement, providing a straightforward and fast validation for targeted Ψ sites of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Col5a1 +/- corneas heal poorly after incisional injuries with persistence of open wounds and larger scars. • Col5a1 +/− myofibroblasts failed to activate latent TGF-β1 in vitro. • In vivo , after full thickness corneal wounds, Smad4 failed to translocate to the nucleus in Col5a1 +/− cells when compared to Col5a1 +/+. • A disorganized collagen matrix with undulated/wavy fibrils is formed in Col5a1 +/- corneas that contain 50 % collagen V. Patients with classical Ehlers Danlos syndrome (cEDS) suffer impaired wound healing and from scars formed after injuries that are atrophic and difficult to close surgically. Haploinsufficiency in COL5A1 creates systemic morphological and functional alterations in the entire body. We investigated mechanisms that impair wound healing from corneal lacerations (full thickness injuries) in a mouse model of cEDS (Col5a1 +/−). We found that collagen V reexpression in this model is upregulated during corneal tissue repair and that wound healing is delayed, impaired, and results in large atrophic corneal scars. We noted that in a matrix with a 50 % content of collagen V, activation of latent Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β is dysregulated. Corneal myofibroblasts with a haploinsufficiency of collagen V failed to mechanically activate latent TGF β. Second harmonic imaging microscopy showed a disorganized, undulated, and denser collagen matrix in our Col5a1 +/- model that suggested alterations in the extracellular matrix structure and function. We hypothesize that a regenerated collagen matrix with only 50 % content of collagen V is not resistant enough mechanically to allow adequate activation of latent TGF β by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An unparalleled copper(I)-catalyzed synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from tertiary amines in one step has been described. The one-pot reactions involving (N-isocyanimine)triphenylphosphorane, tertiary amines, and carboxylic acids resulted in the formation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles in moderate to good yields through a consecutive oxidative Ugi/aza-Wittig reaction, enabling the direct functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds adjacent to the nitrogen atom. This method offered several notable advantages, including ligands-free, exceptional productivity and a high functional group tolerance. The preliminary biological evaluation demonstrated that compound 4f inhibited hepatoma cells efficiently, suggesting potentially broad applications of the approach for synthesis and medicinal chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, our primary objective is to delve into the intricacies of an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation. To achieve this, we commence by deriving a dynamical system tightly linked to the equation through the Galilean transformation. We then employ principles from planar dynamical systems theory to explore the bifurcation phenomena exhibited within this derived system. To investigate the potential presence of chaotic behaviors, we introduce a perturbed term into the dynamical system and systematically analyze the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This investigation is further enriched by the presentation of comprehensive two- and 3D phase portraits. Moreover, we conduct a meticulous sensitivity analysis of the dynamical system using the Runge–Kutta method. Through this analytical process, we confirm that minor fluctuations in initial conditions have only minimal effects on solution stability. Additionally, we utilize the complete discrimination system of the polynomial method to systematically construct single traveling wave solutions for the governing model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to design organic small molecule fluorescent materials with multiple sensing, a bibranched -NH2 modified cyanostilbene derivative (AM) was synthesized. It exhibits solvent and aggregation-induced emission effects, with a solid-state quantum yield of 28%, which is seven times higher than that in THF. The synthesized sample AM demonstrated high sensitivity to trace water via a fluorescence “turn-off” response, achieving a low detection limit of 0.41 µM in THF and 0.80 µM in EtOH. AM also exhibits a “turn-off” response to picric acid, attributed to the photo-induced electron transfer effect it induces. The recognition of picric acid by AM demonstrates specificity and resistance to interference from nitro explosives, with a detection limit of 300 ppb and a linear relationship (R2 = 0.9981) at the range of 0–4 equivalents AM. Such acid recognition can facilitate the design of qualitative test papers and safety inks. Additionally, AM can function as a temperature sensor with a linear relationship (R2 = 0.9976) within the temperature range of 25–110 °C. Leveraging these unique characteristics, a series of methods were proposed for the direct quantitative determination of trace water in nonaqueous solvents, picric acid, and temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Preparation of composite adsorbents for rapid adsorption of gaseous iodine. • The adsorption capacity at 95 °C is 1.29 g g−1. • Adsorption rate increased by 2.3–10.1 times. • The dynamic maximum iodine adsorption capacity reached 1077 mg g−1. • Prediction of adsorption properties using the Levenberg-Marquardt neural network. In addressing the urgent challenge of mitigating gaseous iodine, a highly volatile and hazardous element in nuclear incidents, this study synthesized composite adsorbents with diverse C/Zn molar ratios using MOF and carbon powder. The saturated iodine adsorption at 75 °C exhibited the sequence: CZ-3 (1.15 g g−1) > CZ-2 (1.08 g g−1) > CZ-1 (0.93 g g−1) > C (0.79 g g−1), displaying 2.3–10.1 times increase in adsorption rate compared to carbon powder and Zn-MOF-2. At an elevated temperature of 95 °C, it achieved saturated adsorption of 1.29 g g−1(CZ-3). The adsorbed iodine primarily manifested in the forms of I 2 , I 3 -, and I 5 -. The dynamic maximum iodine adsorption capacity under specific conditions (75 °C, 300 ppm, 100 mL min−1, 0.5 MPa, 4 cm column length, and 6 mm diameter) reached 1077 mg g−1. Leveraging the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural network (LM-BPNN) algorithm, a superior fit was achieved. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the rapid and efficient treatment of gaseous iodine in nuclear scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen V (Col5) is a quantitatively minor component of collagen fibrils comprising tendon, however, plays a crucial role in regulation of development and dynamic healing processes. Clinically, patients with COL5a1 haploinsufficiency, known as classic Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome (cEDS), present with hyperextensible skin, joint instability and laxity, with females more likely to be affected. Previous studies in Col5‐deficient mice indicated that reduced Col5a1 expression leads to a reduction in stiffness, fibril deposition, and altered fibril structure. Additionally, Col5‐deficient male tendons demonstrated altered healing compared to wild‐type tendons, however female mice have not yet been studied utilizing this model. Along with clinical differences between sexes in cEDS patient populations, differences in hormone physiology may be a factor influencing tendon health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize a Col5a1+/− female mouse model, to determine the effect of Col5 on tendon cell morphology, cell density, tissue composition, and mechanical properties throughout healing. We hypothesized that reduction in Col5 expression would result in an abnormal wound matrix post‐injury, resulting in reduced mechanical properties compared to normal tendons. Following patellar tendon surgery, mice were euthanized at 1, 3, and 6‐week post‐injury. Col5‐deficient tendons demonstrated altered and decreased healing compared to WT tendons. The lack of resolution in cellularity by 6‐week post‐injury in Col5‐deficient tendons influenced the decreased mechanical properties. Stiffness did not increase post‐injury in Col5‐deficient mice, and collagen fiber realignment was delayed during mechanical loading. Therefore, increased Col5a1 expression post‐injury is necessary to re‐establish matrix engagement and cellularity throughout tendon healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonlinear dynamical problems, characterized by unpredictable and chaotic changes among variables over time, pose unique challenges in understanding. This paper explores the coupled nonlinear (2+1)-dimensional complex modified Korteweg-de-Vries (cmKdV) equation-a fundamental equation in applied magnetism and nanophysics. The study focuses on dynamic behaviors, specifically examining bifurcations and equilibrium points leading to chaotic phenomena by introducing an external term to the system. Employing chaos theory, we showcase the chaotic tendencies of the perturbed dynamical system. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis using the Runge-Kutta method reveals the solution's stability under slight variations in initial conditions. Innovatively, the paper utilizes the planar dynamical system technique to construct various solitons within the governing model. This research provides novel insights into the behavior of the (2+1)-dimensional cmKdV equation and its applications in applied magnetism and nanophysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a series of collagen–chitosan–eugenol (CO–CS–Eu) flow‐casting composite films were prepared using collagen from sturgeon skin, chitosan, and eugenol. The physicochemical properties, mechanical properties, microstructure, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the composite membranes were investigated by various characterization techniques. The findings revealed that the inclusion of eugenol augmented the thickness of the film, darkened its color, reduced the transparency, and enhanced the ultraviolet light‐blocking capabilities, with the physicochemical properties of the CO–CS–0.25%Eu film being notably favorable. Eugenol generates increasingly intricate matrices that disperse within the system, thereby modifying the optical properties of the material. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the film decreased from 70.97 to 20.32 MPa, indicating that eugenol enhances the fluidity and ductility of the film. Added eugenol also exhibited structural impact by loosening the film cross‐section and decreasing its density. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed the occurrence of several intermolecular interactions among collagen, chitosan, and eugenol. Moreover, the incorporation of eugenol bolstered the antioxidant and antimicrobial capabilities of the composite film. This is primarily attributed to the abundant phenolic/hydroxyl groups present in eugenol, which can react with free radicals by forming phenoxy groups and neutralizing hydroxyl groups. Consequently, inclusion of eugenol substantially enhances the freshness retention performance of the composite film. Practical Application: ● The CO–CS–Eu film utilizes collagen from sturgeon skin, improving the use of sturgeon resources.● Different concentrations of eugenol altered its synergistic effect with chitosan.● The CO–CS–Eu film is composed of natural products with safe and edible properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although spiritual intervention is crucial in the care of childhood cancer patients (CCPs), its effectiveness has not yet been systematically evaluated. To determine the effectiveness of existing spiritual interventions on psychological, spiritual outcomes, and quality of life (QoL) in CCPs. We searched eight databases to identify relevant randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Results were either synthesized in a systematic narrative synthesis or a meta-analysis using a random effects model, where appropriate. The pooled treatment effect was estimated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Twelve studies with 576 CCPs were included. Eight studies showed a high risk of bias. The overall effect of existing spiritual interventions on QoL (Z = 1.05, SMD = 0.64, 95%CI = −0.15 to 1.83, P = 0.29), anxiety (Z = 1.11, SMD = −0.83, 95%CI = −2.30 to 0.64, P = 0.28) and depressive symptoms (Z = 1.06, SMD = −0.49, 95%CI = −1.40 to 0.42, P = 0.12) were statistically nonsignificant. The nonsignificant findings could be attributed to the high heterogeneity among the included studies (QoL: I2 = 85%; anxiety: I2 = 90%; depressive symptoms: I2 = 58%). Evidence to support the positive effects of existing spiritual interventions on psychological and spiritual outcomes and QoL in CCPs is insufficient. Future studies should adopt a more rigorous design and unify the outcome measures to reduce the risk of bias and heterogeneity, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extended contact with silica particles can lead to Silicosis, a chronic lung condition lacking established treatment protocols or clear mechanisms of development. The urgency for innovative treatments arises from the unavailability of effective treatment methodologies. The origin of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis includes essential processes such as macrophage activation and the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role. Shionone (SHI), a triterpenoid extracted from the Aster tataricus plant, is recognized for its extensive health benefits. This study explores the capability of SHI to alleviate the effects of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Methods: This investigation explored the impact of SHI on lung inflammation and fibrosis at different stages (early and late) triggered by silica in mice, focusing specifically on the initial and more developed phases. It comprised an analysis of isolated peritoneal macrophages and fibroblasts extracted from mice to elucidate SHI's therapeutic potential and its underlying mechanism. The methodology employed encompassed quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blotting to examine macrophage activity and their transition into myofibroblasts. The activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway by SHI was confirmed via immunofluorescence and western blot studies. SHI's antioxidative properties were evidenced by the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS within both macrophages and fibroblasts, using 2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and MitoSOX, respectively. The relevance of SHI was further underscored by applying ML385 and Nrf2 siRNA to gauge its effectiveness. Results: Starting SHI treatment early countered the harmful effects of lung inflammation and fibrosis caused by silica, while initiating SHI at a later phase decelerated the advancement of fibrosis. SHI's action was linked to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, a boost in antioxidant enzyme levels, and a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages affected by silica. Furthermore, SHI prevented the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts prompted by TGF-β, along with the resultant oxidative stress. The beneficial outcomes of SHI were negated when ML385 and Nrf2 siRNA were applied, highlighting the pivotal role of the Nrf2 pathway in SHI's efficacy. Conclusion: SHI plays a significant role in stimulating the Nrf2 pathway, thereby defending against silica-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in macrophages, and inhibiting the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts due to TGF-β. This suggests that SHI is a viable option for treating lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice suffering from silicosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cadmium (Cd) accumulating wheat cultivars (LAWC-Cds) can effectively reduce the total Cd content in wheat grains (Grain-Cd). Thirteen LAWC-Cds were planted in three fields to study the enrichment, transport, and accumulation patterns of Cd in LAWC-Cds. Compared with the soil properties before planting, the soil pH and the total Cd content in the soil decreased, while the Cd content in the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extract, soil conductivity, and soil organic matter increased at wheat maturity. The Cd enrichment capacity of the different organs of wheat decreased in the following order: root > leaf > rachis > stem > glume > grain. The dynamics of Cd accumulation in roots affected Grain-Cd, and these factors were negatively correlated. The Cd content and Cd accumulation in all organs of LAWC-Cds showed strong negative correlations with the lengths of the first and second internodes and highly significant positive correlations with both grains per spike and awn length. Structural equation modeling showed that the Cd content of wheat organs had the most direct effect (0.639) in determining Grain-Cd, and soil properties had the largest effect (0.744) in influencing Grain-Cd. This study is important for screening wheat cultivars with stable low Cd-accumulation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is already known?: SDM improves clinical outcomes by increasing attendance and treatment adherence in adolescents diagnosed with depression.SDM could reduce treatment disagreements and enhance consumers' and their families' satisfaction with mental healthcare services.Healthcare professionals are a critical part of SDM. However, MHPs' practices of SDM in the daily management of adolescents diagnosed with depression need to be clarified. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: From the viewpoints of MHPs, SDM was not extensively applied in the daily management of adolescents diagnosed with depression.MHPs who trust their consumers and have received training related to SDM are more likely to practice SDM in the daily management of adolescents diagnosed with depression.The positive preferences for providing information and family involvement in treatment decision‐making are facilitators; working in closed inpatient mental health wards and open inpatient mental health wards are hindering factors for MHPs' practices of SDM. What are the implications for practice?: MHPs should encourage information sharing with consumers and their family members to help them participate in treatment decision‐making actively.A trusting and friendly therapeutic relationship with consumers should be maintained in the daily management of adolescents diagnosed with depression.SDM‐related training should be encouraged for MHPs to promote widespread SDM. Introduction: Shared decision‐making (SDM) is an ideal model for a therapeutic relationship that can improve health outcomes. Healthcare professionals are a critical part of SDM, and they play an important role in the practices of SDM in the clinical setting. Evidence suggests that adolescents diagnosed with depression can benefit substantially from SDM. However, mental health professionals' (MHPs) practices of SDM for adolescents diagnosed with depression in China are not well‐documented. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the practices of SDM for adolescents diagnosed with depression from the viewpoints of MHPs in China. Method: In this cross‐sectional study, we recruited a total of 581 MHPs by convenience sampling. The Shared Decision‐Making Questionnaire—Physician Version (SDM‐Q‐Doc) was used to evaluate the MHPs' practices of SDM for adolescents diagnosed with depression. Results: The mean SDM‐Q‐Doc was 80.47 (±16.31). Within the six specific decision‐making situations, most MHPs selected non‐SDM (52.7%–71.6%). Substantial numbers of respondents believed that MHPs made the final decision, especially with regard to the development (37%) and adjustment of medication regimens (42%). The practice of SDM was predicted by MHPs' preference for providing information, their trust in consumers, preference for family involvement in treatment decision‐making, working in an outpatient clinic and receiving SDM training (F = 23.582; p =.000; R2 =.198; adjusted R2 =.189). Discussion: Although the MHPs' self‐rated score of SDM‐Q‐Doc was high, SDM was not extensively applied in the daily management of adolescents diagnosed with depression. Thus, SDM needs to be further promoted by enhancing SDM‐related training for MHPs, thereby actively promoting the involvement of families, facilitating the information sharing for consumers and families, and building an active, trusting consumer‐practitioner relationship. Implications for Practice: MHPs should prioritise information sharing with consumers and families, as well as build trusting and friendly therapeutic relationships. Family involvement in treatment decisions should be encouraged when adolescents diagnosed with depression are in need. Actively participating in training related to SDM is also important. Future high‐quality evidence is still needed to explore the facilitators and barriers to SDM practices from a tripartite perspective of MHPs, adolescents diagnosed with depression and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the damped (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLS) using innovative techniques, with a focus on elucidating the problem's significance, employed methodologies, key findings, and unique contributions. We extensively explore the modified exponential rational function technique and other distinctive approaches, revealing a diverse range of wave solutions for DNLS equation. Notably, our research unveils new optical solutions, including bright and dark solitons, extracted under specific parameter conditions. The significance of this work is underscored by its contributions to nonlinear dynamics and optical physics. Our findings provide valuable insights into the intricacies of the DNLS equation, surpassing prior endeavors in the field by introducing novel methodologies and uncovering a wealth of solutions with broad applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. During in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment, the reproductive endocrine regulatory mechanisms hold pivotal importance. Specifically, the serum estradiol ( E 2 ) level during ovulation emerges as a critical factor influencing pregnancy outcomes. This retrospective study aimed to comprehensively compare two common clinical regimens based on the grouping of serum E 2 levels and the number of oocytes retrieved on the trigger day. Our objective was to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes in IVF-ET patients across different ovarian response groups, exploring the efficacy of the dual-trigger and single-trigger regimens to provide valuable insights for optimizing clinical strategies in the context of IVF-ET. Methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 2778 infertile patients who underwent ART (IVF/ICSI). Subsequently, a detailed statistical analysis was performed on 1032 patients following an antagonist regimen. Participants were categorized into single-trigger and dual-trigger groups based on real-world trigger protocols, considering different ovarian responses. Comprehensive statistical assessments were conducted on baseline characteristics, ovulation induction, and pregnancy outcomes. Results. Baseline characteristics and cycle parameters among the three patient groups (high ovarian response, normal response, and poor response) exhibited no significant differences between the dual-trigger and single-trigger regimen groups. Despite the dual-trigger regimen utilizing a significantly lower HCG dose, no notable discrepancies were observed in laboratory results and pregnancy outcomes (embryo transfer rate, pregnancy rate, and live birth rate) for normal and high responders. Remarkably, E 2 levels were higher in the dual-trigger group compared to the single-trigger group. In high and normal responders, the dual-trigger regimen demonstrated increased oocyte counts and oocyte acquisition rates, coupled with decreased transfer cancellation rates attributed to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Intriguingly, patients with a poor ovarian response experienced no graft cancellations due to OHSS prevention in either group. Conclusion. For patients with high and normal ovarian responses, the utilization of a dual-trigger regimen on the trigger day effectively mitigates the risk of OHSS. Our large sample study supports the substitutability of the dual-trigger regimen over the single-trigger regimen without compromising pregnancy outcomes. However, this conclusion is not applicable to patients with poor ovarian responses. The results of this study highlight the necessity of adopting a customized and individualized treatment approach that should be based on the patient's ovarian response. Additionally, recognizing the pivotal role of the endocrine environment in influencing pregnancy outcomes and the occurrence of OHSS, further exploration of the effects of different triggering regimens on endocrine parameters is warranted. Such investigations will contribute to enhancing the reproductive outcomes of IVF-ET technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effects of different long-term (36 years) fertilizer treatments on soil pH, exchangeable acids, exchangeable base cation and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers in a double-cropping rice field. The following fertilizer treatments were included: chemical fertilizer (MF), rice straw and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% chemical fertilizer (OM), and without any fertilizer input as a control (CK). This result indicated that soil pH at 0–10 cm layer with RF and OM treatments was higher than that of MF and CK treatments. Soil exchangeable acidity content at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers with RF and OM treatments were decreased by 48.4%, 51.6% and 49.2%, 54.2%, compared with CK treatment, respectively. Soil exchangeable calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+) and potassium (K+) contents at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with OM and RF treatments were higher than that of CK treatment. Moreover, compared with CK treatment, soil exchangeable base ion content at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers in paddy field with OM treatment were increased by 54.1% and 42.6%, respectively. Soil CEC and effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers with OM and RF treatments were significantly higher than that of MF and CK treatments. In conclusion, our results indicated that long-term application of crop residue or organic manure can improve soil exchangeable base ion and exchangeable capacity contents, alleviate soil acidity in a double-cropping paddy field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Constipation is a common complication following spinal surgery that can result in distension, abdominal pain, infection, and even intestinal perforation. This study reports on an evidence-based implementation project to reduce the incidence of constipation in spinal surgery wards. Methods: The project was conducted in the spinal surgery ward of a general tertiary hospital in Changsha City, China, from March to August 2022. We used the JBI Implementation Framework and the JBI Model of Evidence-Based Healthcare for audits and feedback. Data were collected and analyzed using JBI's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) software. Seven audit criteria were developed based on the best practice recommendations summarized by JBI. A baseline audit was conducted with 20 nurses and 50 patients in the spinal surgery ward, and a follow-up audit was conducted using the same sample size and setting. Results: The baseline audit revealed compliance below 46% for five of the seven criteria. Strategies developed to address poor compliance included educating nurses and patients, developing a post-operative constipation risk assessment sheet, organizing stakeholder focus group meetings, establishing a constipation management routine, and effective empowerment of nurses. The follow-up audit showed positive compliance results, with the highest rate for Criterion 7 (100%) and the greatest increase for Criterion 2 (from 0% to 78%). Furthermore, the incidence of post-operative constipation decreased from 48% to 16%. Conclusion: The project improved compliance with audit criteria, reduced the incidence of constipation, and enhanced the efficiency of quality management in the spinal surgery ward. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A186 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Breakthrough of PFECA is later than PFCA with the same number of fluorinated carbon. • The Bohart-Adams model predicts PFAS breakthrough well in both resins. • The pristine PFAS-specific resin meets drinking water PFAS regulations over 25,359 BV. • The regenerable generic resin is not suitable for drinking water PFAS compliance. • Resin regeneration using salts is ineffective for PFAS release from either resin. Rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCT) are used to study the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for drinking water treatment by ion exchange. Breakthroughs of 15 emerging per- and perfluoroalkyl ether acids and six legacy perfluoroalkyl acid analogs are studied using a single-use PFAS-selective anion exchange resin (AER1) and a regenerable, generic anion exchange resin (AER2). The Bohart-Adams model was used to describe and predict breakthrough, with the modeled results reasonably aligned with RSSCT results in most cases, enabling shorter RSSCT duration for future applications. AER1 exhibited high uptake capacity with no breakthrough for 11 of the 21 tested PFAS during the 144,175 BV continuous operation, allowing compliance with the new National Primary Drinking Water Regulation in many application scenarios. AER2 exhibited much faster breakthroughs for most PFAS and is not a promising option for drinking water treatment. However, the summed PFAS capacity via model fit and total PFAS adsorbed via measurement were only <0.01 % of both resin capacities at full breakthrough, suggesting PFAS could only occupy a tiny portion of the ion exchange sites even for the PFAS-selective AER1. Ether group insertion in the PFAS group leads to later breakthrough, and linear isomers were better captured by the resins than the branched isomers. Overall, PFAS uptake capacity increases and kinetics decrease when the PFAS molecular volume increases. Regeneration using 10 % NaCl solutions partially released PFAS from AER2 but not from AER1, with more short-chain PFAS released than long-chain ones. Ether group insertion decreased the PFAS recoveries during the regeneration of AER2. The regenerated resins showed much faster breakthroughs than the pristine resins, making them unfavorable for drinking water treatment applications. Adsorption displacement of short-chain PFAS by long-chain PFAS was observed in pristine AER1, and post-regeneration leaching occurred for both resins, both phenomena making the resins a possible PFAS source in long-term use. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive intake of benzaldehyde and its derivatives can cause irreversible damage to living organisms. Hence, benzaldehyde derivatives with different para-substitutions of push/pull electronic groups were chosen to investigate the effect of different substituent properties on the structure of human serum albumin (HSA). The binding constants, number of binding sites, major interaction forces, protein structural changes, and binding sites of benzaldehyde (BzH) and its derivatives (4-BzHD) with HSA in serum proteins were obtained based on multispectral and molecular docking techniques. The mechanism of BzH/4-BzHD interaction on HSA is mainly static quenching and is accompanied by the formation of a ground state complex. BzH/4-BzHD is bound to HSA in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The interaction forces for the binding of BzH/4-BzHD to HSA are mainly hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction, which are also accompanied by a small amount of electrostatic interactions. The effect of BzH/4-BzHD on HSA conformation follows: 4-Diethylaminobenzaldehyde (4-DBzH) > 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde (4-NBzH) > 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBzH) > 4-Acetaminobenzaldehyde (4-ABzH) > BzH, which means that the stronger push/pull electronic strength of the para-substituted benzaldehyde derivatives has a greater effect on HSA conformation. Furthermore, the concentration-lethality curves of different concentrations for BzH/4-BzHD on zebrafish verified above conclusion. This work provides a scientific basis for the risk assessment of benzaldehyde and its derivatives to the ecological environment and human health and for the environmental toxicological studies of benzaldehyde derivatives with different strengths of push/pull electron substitution. • The effect of 4-BzHD on HSA was analyzed by DFT, molecular docking and spectroscopy. • BzH/4-BzHD can change the microenvironment and conformation of HSA. • The potential toxicity of 4-BzHD increases with electronic strength of substituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript delves into the exploration of a third-order dispersive Schrödinger equation incorporating Kerr nonlinear effects, a common model employed for the transmission of optical fiber pulses. Utilizing an effective analytical approach, the study unveils previously undiscovered exact solutions for the Schrödinger equation, with a primary focus on analyzing optical solitons within nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The proposed method leverages a Riccati equation, yielding solutions expressed in trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Noteworthy are the captivating dynamics exhibited by the optical solitons across diverse spatial variables, denoted as x. All numerical results are executed using Mathematica software and are visually presented in both 2D and 3D space. Additionally, the manuscript elucidates the significance of these findings in advancing our understanding of optical soliton behavior within the realm of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil extracellular enzymes play an important role in regulating nitrogen (N) mineralization processes in paddy fields. Therefore, in this work, we determine the influence of a long-term fertilizer regime on rhizosphere soil N fertilization rates, soil enzymes, soil microbial community (bacterial ureolytic community (ureC), bacterial chitinolytic community (chiA)) under the double-cropping rice field in southern of China. The field experiment included the following fertilizer regimes: inorganic fertilizer alone (IF), rice straw and inorganic fertilizer (RF), 30% organic manure and 70% inorganic fertilizer (OM), without any fertilizer input as a control (CK). The results showed that rhizosphere soil N transformation rates in the paddy fields with OM and RF treatments were increased, compared with IF and CK treatments. Soil urease, β-glucosaminidase and arginase activities were significantly increased under OM and RF treatments. This result indicated that functional gene abundances of sub, npr and chiA were significantly greater under RF and OM treatments compared to IF and CK treatments. Soil bacterial ureolytic and chitinolytic communities were significantly changed by the different fertilization strategies. The practice of applying rice straw and organic manure seems beneficial for increasing rhizosphere soil N mineralization rates and microbial community diversity in the double-cropping rice fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fouling of separation membranes has consistently been a primary factor contributing to the decline in membrane performance. Enhancing the surface hydrophilicity of the membrane proves to be an effective strategy in mitigating membrane fouling in water treatment processes. Zwitterionic polymers (containing an equimolar number of homogeneously distributed anionic and cationic groups on the polymer chains) have been used extensively as one of the best antifouling materials for surface modification. The conventional application of zwitterionic compounds as surface modifiers is intricate and inefficient, adding complexity and length to the membrane preparation process, particularly on an industrial scale. To overcome these limitations, zwitterionic polymer, directly used as a main material, is an effective method. In this work, a novel zwitterionic polymer (TB)—zwitterionic Tröger's base (ZTB)—was synthesized by quaternizing Tröger's base (TB) with 1,3-propane sultone. The obtained ZTB is blended with TB to fabricate microfiltration (MF) membranes via the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process, offering a strategic solution for separating emulsified oily wastewater. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, and zeta potential measurements were employed to characterize the surface of ZTB/TB blended membranes, assessing surface morphology, charge, and hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. The impact of varying ZTB levels on membrane surface morphology, hydrophilicity, water flux, and rejection were investigated. The results showed that an increase in ZTB content improved hydrophilicity and surface roughness, consequently enhancing water permeability. Due to the attraction of water vapor, the enrichment of zwitterionic segments was enriched, and a stable hydration layer was formed on the membrane surface. The hydration layer formed by zwitterions endowed the membrane with good antifouling properties. The proposed mechanism elucidates the membrane's proficiency in demulsification and the reduction in irreversible fouling through the synergistic regulation of surface charge and hydrophilicity, facilitated by electrostatic repulsion and the formation of a hydration layer. The ZTB/TB blended membranes demonstrated superior efficiency in oil–water separation, achieving a maximum flux of 1897.63 LMH bar−1 and an oil rejection rate as high as 99% in the oil–water emulsion separation process. This study reveals the migration behavior of the zwitterionic polymer in the membrane during the VIPS process. It enhances our comprehension of the antifouling mechanism of zwitterionic membranes and provides guidance for designing novel materials for antifouling membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep-related outcomes in people with diabetes are poor, which is closely linked to reducing the development of diabetes. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention presents innovative solutions that can help improve sleep-related outcomes. Aim: This synthesis aims to assess the effectiveness of CBT-based intervention compared to controls in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) for sleep-related outcomes among people with diabetes. Methods: Eight electronic databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang database. We examined CBT-based intervention's effectiveness on sleep-related outcomes in people with diabetes in RCTs identified in these databases from their inception to 1st November 2023, and updated on 15 January 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool by two reviewers. The meta-analysis of included studies was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Seven studies in total (n = 2633 participants) were included in this systematic review based on our inclusion criteria. The systematic review found CBT-based intervention significantly improved sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI scores) at immediate post-intervention [95% CI=(− 1.31 to -0.32), p = 0.001], six months [95% CI=(− 0.75 to − 0.22), p = 0.0003], and 12 months [95% CI=(− 0.72 to − 0.24), < 0.0001], compared to control groups. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that six sessions [95% CI= (− 0.38 to − 0.13), p < 0.0001] or more than six sessions [95% CI=(− 1.76 to − 0.02), p = 0.05] of CBT-based intervention could improve sleep quality compared to controls (I2=0%). Interestingly, CBT-based intervention improves total sleep time at post-intervention in people with diabetes compared to the control group [95% CI= (− 0.57 to − 0.12), p = 0.003]. However, there was no significant that CBT-based intervention is beneficial to time to fall asleep [95% CI (− 1.89 to 0.43), p = 0.22] and sleep efficiency [95% CI (− 1.27 to 0.27), p = 0.20] after intervention, compared to control group. Conclusion: CBT-based intervention appears to have a beneficial effect on improving sleep quality and total sleep time among people with diabetes. CBT-based intervention could be considered a strategy among healthcare providers to enhance sleep quality and total sleep time for people with diabetes. More RCTs with rigorous designs and long-term follow-up are warranted to provide conclusive evidence of the CBT-based intervention on sleep-related outcomes and to explore the mechanisms by which the CBT-based interventions improve sleep-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an energy-intensive industry, the steel industry incentivizes carbon neutrality technology innovation through carbon neutrality policies, thereby promoting the industry's low-carbon transformation. However, how policy promotes technological innovation in the steel industry to achieve net zero emissions is an urgent practical and theoretical problem that needs to be solved. This study constructs a comprehensive model that combines steel demand forecasting, technology evaluation, and bottom-up technology selection models. Described the cost-effectiveness of emission reduction technologies from a technical and economic perspective, quantitatively analyzed the emission reduction potential and evolution path of carbon neutrality technology under policy incentives in the steel industry, and provided policy support and specific deployment time for different technologies. The results indicate that under the scenario of strong subsidies and carbon prices, by 2060, the share of traditional long-process steelmaking was only 25 %, and the CO 2 emissions per unit of crude steel were 0.88t CO 2 /t. At the same time, the implementation of policies has increased the cumulative emission reduction of the steel industry by 1.56 times from 2022 to 2060. • Comprehensively evaluate the development level of technology from multiple dimensions. • Quantify the emission reduction contributions of different policies and the emission reduction potential of each steelmaking path under policy incentives. • Analyzed the optimization path and policy incentive effect of carbon neutrality technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dynamic interaction between cancer cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment (TME) is an active barrier to the effector arm of the antitumour immune response. Cancer-secreted exosomes are emerging mediators of this cancer-stromal cross-talk in the TME; however, the mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unclear. Methods: Exosomes were isolated with ExoQuick exosome precipitation solution. The polarizing effect of TAMs was evaluated by flow cytometry, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and in vitro phagocytosis assays. Clinical cervical cancer specimens and an in vivo xenograft model were also employed. Results: Our previous study showed that hypoxia increased the expression of ZEB1 in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cells, which resulted in increased infiltration of TAMs. Here, we found that hypoxia-induced ZEB1 expression is closely correlated with CD47-SIRPα axis activity in CSCC, which enables cancer cells to evade phagocytosis by macrophages and promotes tumour progression. ZEB1 was found to directly activate the transcription of the CD47 gene in hypoxic CSCC cells. We further showed that endogenous ZEB1 was characteristically enriched in hypoxic CSCC cell-derived exosomes and transferred into macrophages via these exosomes to promote SIRPα+ TAM polarization. Intriguingly, exosomal ZEB1 retained transcriptional activity and reprogrammed SIRPα+ TAMs via activation of the STAT3 signalling pathway in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 inhibition reduced the polarizing effect induced by exosomal ZEB1. Knockdown of ZEB1 increased the phagocytosis of CSCC cells by macrophages via decreasing CD47 and SIRPα expression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that hypoxia-induced ZEB1 promotes immune evasion in CSCC by strengthening the CD47-SIRPα axis. ZEB1-targeted therapy in combination with CD47-SIRPα checkpoint immunotherapy may improve the outcomes of CSCC patients in part by disinhibiting innate immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Au nano-cone array (Au-NCA) and a three-segment hybridization strategy, a novel SERS biosensor is proposed for the ultrasensitive detection of the microRNA miR-21. The uniform, stable, and reproducible Au-NCA was prepared by the single-layer colloidal ball template method. Subsequently, the target was hybridized with sequence 2. The resulting target-sequence 2 complex was then hybridized with sequence 1 anchored on Au-NCA. Thus, a three-segment sequence complex was formed. SERS measurements can be performed without the need for complex purification and amplification steps. Due to the ability of miR-21 to perform specific complementary hybridization with two sequences, SERS biosensors have superior specificity for miR-21 without interference from other miRNAs. Under the optimal conditions, the SERS biosensor was applied and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 3.02 aM. This method has been successfully used to the detection of miR-21 in the serum of lymphoma patients and healthy volunteers. The results are consistent with the traditional test methods. Therefore, this novel SERS biosensor shows excellent clinical translational potential in the detection of lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An intermediary route is introduced to construct hierarchical CdS/Bi 2 S 3 heterostructures. • CdS/Bi 2 S 3 architecture is comprised of 0D CdS nanoparticles rested on 3D Bi 2 S 3 flower-like microspheres. • CdS/Bi 2 S 3 hybrids exhibit greatly enhanced photocatalytic H 2 -evolution and dye degradation. • The S-scheme charge transfer pathway is proposed based on the control tests and band structures. The binary CdS/Bi 2 S 3 heterostructures were fabricated by employing ZnO/Bi 2 S 3 as active intermediates for the first time, which consisted of 0D CdS nanoparticles with sizes of 10–20 nm decorated on 3D Bi 2 S 3 mircoflowers assembled by 1D nanorods. The whole formation mechanism of CdS/Bi 2 S 3 heterostructure was systematically investigated. Specifically, the optimal CdS/Bi 2 S 3 sample (CB-3) achieved the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction rate of 3.85 mmol·g−1·h−1, about 16.74 and 25.67 times greater than that of single Bi 2 S 3 and CdS. Besides, the apparent reaction rate constant of CB-3 for photodegradation of Congo red reached up to 0.0412 min−1, being 41.2 and 4.08 folds higher than that of solo Bi 2 S 3 and CdS. The recycled tests over CB-3 were ready to take on the superb photostability. Furthermore, the S-scheme mechanism of photoinduced charges was rationally proposed. This work provides a new insight for the construction of composite photocatalysts for boosted solar-light-driven photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A downscaling-and-fusion framework was proposed for generating complete 1 km SSM. • BME method considering multi-spatial-scale uncertainties was presented for fusion. • The completeness of fine-scale SSM is directly and significantly improved. • The accuracy and variations of downscaled SSM are well preserved into fused SSM. Surface soil moisture (SSM) plays a crucial role in global energy exchanges and serves as a key requirement for drought monitoring and agriculture production. Microwave remote sensing (RS) SSM products at coarse scale (e.g., 0.25°) can hardly meet the requirements for agricultural and meteorological applications, which necessitate seamless fine-scale SSM data. Current methods for generating complete fine-scale SSM often involve initially filling spatial gaps in SSM ancillary variables (e.g., land surface temperature). However, the uncertainties introduced during the filling process are not adequately and quantitatively considered and utilized in subsequent downscaling process. In this study, we developed a downscaling-and-fusion framework to generate spatiotemporally complete fine-scale SSM (1 km) in the central Tibetan Plateau (TP) of the southwestern China. Firstly, the incomplete downscaled SSM was retrieved by disaggregating the bias-corrected European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI, 0.25°) SSM based on apparent thermal inertia (ATI), and then the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method considering multi-spatial-scale uncertainties was employed to spatiotemporally merge downscaled and coarse-scale CCI SSM for seamless fine-scale SSM. The completeness of valid merged SSM pixels and pixels unable to retrieved SSM sums up to over 99.9 %. Comparisons with in situ SSM measurements show that merged SSM with more samples have comparable overall performance and slightly better station-level performance than the downscaled SSM with less samples. Station-level statistical metrics averages are superior to those of the overall evaluation for the merged SSM, especially in terms of R (0.592 versus 0.441) and ubRMSE (0.083 versus 0.115 m3/m3). The merged SSM can effectively reflect temporal variability of the in situ SSM measurements, accurately capture the changes of SSM caused by the precipitation events, and preserve the fine-spatial-scale variations of the downscaled SSM. These results demonstrate the success of the proposed downscaling-and-fusion framework in generating spatiotemporally complete fine-scale SSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of structure-property relationships is of great significance for exploring the luminescent mechanism, the design of functional materials with desired photoelectric properties and facilitating practical applications. In this paper, a series of cyanostilbene derivatives (TS-R) with different functional groups were synthesized by one step under mild conditions and characterized. Their photoelectric properties and structure-property relationships have been researched. The results indicate that TS-R have solution and solid dual-state emission (DSE) property, aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect, solvatochromism behavior and stimuli-responsive fluorescence characteristic for acid. The photoelectric properties can be changed by introducing different functional groups at the molecular same position of TS-R. The applications of TS-R were also investigated. The results indicate that TS-R can be used in fluorescent anti-counterfeiting, fingerprint recognition and light emitting diode (LED). [Display omitted] • A series of α-cyanostilbene derivatives with different substituents (TS-R) were simply (only through one step) and efficiently (yield is 76%–90 %) synthesized. • All TS-R have dual-state emission and obvious aggregation-induced emission enhancement effect. • The substituents of TS-R can regulate the optical properties and solvatochromic behavior. • The electronic effect of the substituents in TS-R can regulate the fluorescence 'on-off' or 'off-on' in acidochromism. • TS-R can be used in anti-counterfeiting, fingerprint recognition and OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While evidence suggests that the attitudes of healthcare providers toward medical decision-making in adolescents diagnosed with depression merit exploration, research on their preferences for Shared Decision-Making (SDM) and the factors affecting these preferences remains limited. To investigate Chinese mental health professionals' (MHPs) preferences for SDM in adolescents with depression and identify the relationships between their preference for SDM and trust and discrimination. A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Clinical Decision-making Style-Staff (CDMS-S) was applied to evaluate their preferences for SDM. Physician Trust in the Patient Scale (PTPS) was utilised to assess their trust in consumers. Social Distance Scale to Mental Illness (SDSMI) was utilised to measure their discrimination against people with mental illness. A total of 581 MHPs were identified in China. MHPs rated their preference for participation in decision making (PD) as shared (1.89 ± 0.472), information (IN) as moderate (2.62 ± 0.682), and family involvement (FI) as high (3.13 ± 0.840). The preferences for three decision topics ranked from the highest to the lowest score were working-related decision (2.35 ± 0.681), general preferences in decision (1.82 ± 0.581) and medication-related decision (1.74 ± 0.826). The mean score of PTPS and SDSMI were 34.71 (SD=9.709) and 15.17 (SD=4.299), respectively. Logistic regression indicated that the preference for PD was associated with discrimination; the preference for IN was associated with trust, discrimination and SDM-related training experience; and the preference for FI was associated with both trust and discrimination. While MHPs generally exhibit a favourable attitude toward SDM, this positivity is not universally observed across all contexts. There remains room for improvement in the willingness to co-develop medication regimens and share health information. Rational recognition of depression, and building trusting and friendly therapeutic relationships are key to promoting MHPs' preferences for SDM. MHPs' preferences for SDM have a significant impact on SDM implementation, which will be promoted by implementing SDM-related training. • Chinese mental health professionals show moderate preference for shared decision-making with depressed teens and families. • Their preference for shared decision-making is linked to their trust levels and discrimination degree to depressed teens. • Training in shared decision-making training positively influences Chinese mental health professionals' preference in such practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoextraction is an effective technique for removing cadmium (Cd) from contaminated farmland, thus achieving real ecological restoration. To clarify the potential of peanut phytoextraction, we designed a pot experiment to assess the Cd accumulation in peanut. In addition, the contribution of rhizosphere microorganisms in Cd accumulation was explored. The results demonstrate that the Cd content in peanut tissue ranked as follows: stem > leaf > root > needle > husk > kernel, with Cd mainly accumulated in the stems (41.92%) and leaves (40.27%). The bioconcentration factor for all cultivars was greater than 1, in agreement with the concept of phytoextraction. Cd extraction from peanut plants grown per season was appreciable, estimated as being from 28.5 g Cd ha−1 to 121.5 g Cd ha−1. Subsequently, based on the Cd accumulation characteristics, cultivars BS1016 and HY20 were identified as the high Cd-accumulating cultivars (HACs), and LH11 and LH14 were identified as the low Cd-accumulating cultivars (LACs), for further study as specific cultivars. For Cd-contaminated soil, high accumulation in HACs was associated with increased Cd bioavailability. The peanut rhizosphere attracted different microorganisms to cope with Cd stress. Compared with LACs, the rhizosphere of HACs tended to be enriched with high Cd-resistant microorganisms, which directly or indirectly participate in Cd activation (for example, Acidimicrobiia class of bacteria, Rhizophlyctis genus of fungi). Correlation analysis confirmed that Rhizophlyctis was a good choice to enhance the potential for Cd phytoextraction using peanut. This study demonstrates the advantages and rhizosphere mechanisms of using peanut for bioremediating Cd-contaminated soil, providing a new approach for remediation and targeted regulation of Cd-contaminated farmland. [Display omitted] • The bioconcentration factor of Cd in all peanut tissues was greater than 1. • Peanut has considerable ability to bioaccumulate Cd in aboveground tissues. • High-cadmium peanut cultivars mobilize Cd mainly through soil acidification. • Cultivars and Cd treatments create specific microbial communities in the peanut rhizosphere. • Rhizophlyctis is the most recommended fungus for improving phytoextraction potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether pentoxifylline (PTX) attenuates cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cerebral IRI was induced in male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The effects of PTX on cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion brain samples were detected through neurological deficit score, staining and electron microscopy; levels of ferroptosis biomarkers from brain samples were detected using kits. Additionally, the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), transferrin receptor protein 1, divalent metal transporter 1, solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were determined by immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Pre-treatment with PTX was found to improve neurological function, evidenced by reduced neurological deficit scores, decreased infarct volume and alleviated pathological features post-MCAO. This improvement was accompanied by reduced lipid peroxidation levels and mitigated mitochondrial damage. Notably, PTX's inhibitory effect on ferroptosis was characterised by enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and regulation of ferroptosis-related proteins. Moreover, inhibition of Nrf2 using ML385 (an Nrf2-specific inhibitor) reversed PTX's neuroprotective effect on MCAO-induced ferroptosis via the SLC7A11/GPX4 signalling pathway. Ferroptosis is evident following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. Pentoxifylline confers protection against IRI in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis through the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the small molecule functional materials with a simple synthesis have attracted more and more attention. A multi-stimuli-responsive aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule is expected to have great applications in the near future. Identically, the single-component white organic light diode (w-OLED) has a good application field. Herein, a cyanostilbene derivative (TSC) was efficiently synthesized by Vilsmeier and Knoevenagel reactions with only 2 steps under mild conditions. TSC was characterized by NMR (1H, 13C), FT-IR, HRMS and elemental analysis. TSC has aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) effect, and significant polar-, acid-, force- and light-stimuli fluorescence responsiveness properties. The AIE effect and four different stimulus responses are all simultaneously presented in TSC. This phenomenon is relatively rare in small molecule fluorescent compounds. The results of SEM and DLS reveal the AIEE of TSC is mainly due to the fact that molecular self-assembly into nanofiber networks in the aggregated state limiting the distortion of molecules. DFT calculations show that the polarity stimuli-response (fluorescence from green to orange) is closely related to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Acid/base 1H NMR titration proves that the acidochromism results from reversible protonation/deprotonation. The results of DSC, SEM, PXRD and POM prove that the essence of mechanical force stimuli-response is the change of crystallinity. The results of 1H NMR, UV–vis and fluorescence spectra, DFT calculations and SEM reveal that the light stimuli-response is attributed to the Z/E configuration transformation. Based on multi-stimuli responsive properties, TSC can be used for recognition of solvents polarity by naked eyes or fluorophotometer, used as an acid indicator and also used to quantitatively test the concentration of trace acids, used in anti-counterfeiting including safty ink, data rewriting, even can be used to construct supramolecular liquid crystals materials. In addition, TSC can be used to fabricate single phosphor w-OLED, avoiding using multicomponent composite materials. [Display omitted] • A α-cyanostilbene derivative (TSC) was synthesized with only 2 steps under mild conditions and high yielding (82 %). • TSC forms a nanoscale fiber structure in aggregated state to limit torsion producing AIEE effect. • TSC presents different stimulation responses to polarity, light, force and acid. • TSC can be used as acid sensor, safety ink, fluorescent pattern printing, and rewriting ink. • TSC can be fabricated a single phosphor organic w-LED with higher luminous efficiency (37 lm/W), avoiding using multicomponent composite materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-carbon transition of the energy system plays a crucial role in achieving carbon neutrality. However, the development of new energy heavily relies on rare earth resources, which in turn entail substantial energy consumption and carbon emissions. This "linkage dilemma" poses constraints on the realization of carbon neutrality objectives. In this study, we employ a combination of sample entropy, cross-sample entropy, and coarse-gained network modeling methods to uncover the internal complexity and mutual synchronization of the fossil energy stock market, new energy stock market, rare earth stock market, and carbon market in China. Our findings reveal several important insights. Firstly, we observe that the co-movements among the three industry stock markets and the carbon market are dynamic and closely tied to the efficiency of each market. Secondly, the co-movement between traditional and new energy stock markets remains high, with the supply chain stock market between energy and rare earth exhibiting a similar trend. This highlights the significant impact of inherent substitution or supply chain relationships on the level of synchronization. Thirdly, the stock market crashes and the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted in heterogeneous effects with notable changes observed in carbon-related market pairs. Notably, although the carbon market exhibits relatively low co-movement with other stock markets, the patterns of co-movement and their evolution are becoming increasingly complex. Lastly, based on our findings, we present conclusions and potential implications for policymakers to address the impact of the crisis on market interconnectivity, as well as guide investors to effectively allocate their investment portfolios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]