7 results
Search Results
2. Australia – A Land for Young Women? Exploring Young Women's Positioning in Contemporary Australian Family Violence Discourses.
- Author
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Johnston, Bianca, Flynn, Catherine, and Gordon, Faith
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ADOLESCENT development ,FEMINISM ,AGE distribution ,PRACTICAL politics ,DOMESTIC violence ,WOMEN ,INTIMATE partner violence ,EXPERIENCE ,SEX distribution ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,SOCIAL classes ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CONSUMER activism ,PUBLIC welfare ,PHILOSOPHY ,CULTURAL values ,SOCIAL case work - Abstract
Young women in Australia experience serious risks from intimate partner violence (IPV) as a form of family violence. However, there has been a lack of attention to the impact of this on young women and, as a result, these risks are not well understood. This article critically examines existing literature, policy and research and in doing so, specifically explores the ways in which young women aged between 10 and 20 years old are represented and positioned in contemporary family violence discourses. Framed by a review of socio-political and cultural history, the paper highlights the early colonial, patriarchal foundations of Australia, which have specific implications for the challenges that contemporary young women experience in situations of IPV. With a particular emphasis on the Australian context, this article employs both an intersectional and critical feminist lens, with a key focus on the dimensions of adolescent development and youth social geographies. Focusing specifically on these dimensions, including development, gender and age, highlights the important role that feminist social work perspectives and practices can contribute to uncovering, understanding and responding to young women's experiences of intimate partner violence through policy and advocacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Trend estimation of sub-national level daily smoking prevalence by age and sex in Australia.
- Author
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Das, Sumonkanti, Baffour, Bernard, and Richardson, Alice
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PUBLIC health surveillance ,RESEARCH evaluation ,AGE distribution ,POPULATION geography ,SEX distribution ,SURVEYS ,TIME series analysis ,DISEASE prevalence ,SMOKING ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite that the smoking prevalence has considerably declined in Australia after successful public health strategies over many decades, smoking is still the leading cause of preventable diseases and death in Australia. These declines have not occurred consistently across all geographical-demographic domains. In order to provide an evidence base for monitoring the trend towards the goal of reducing smoking across all domains in Australia, this study aims to estimate trends of smoking prevalence for small domains cross-classified by seven age groups (18-24, 25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and ≥70 years), two genders, and eight states and territories over twenty years (2001-2021). METHODS Direct estimates of smoking prevalence for the target small domains were calculated from the micro-data of the Australian National Health Surveys conducted in seven rounds during 2001-2021. The obtained direct estimates were then used as input for developing time-series models expressed in a hierarchical Bayesian structure as a form of small-area estimation. The developed models borrow cross-sectional, temporal, and spatial strength in such a way that they can interpolate smoking levels in the non-survey years for all detailed level small domains. Smoothed trends of smoking prevalence for higher aggregation levels are obtained by aggregation of the detailed level trend predictions. RESULTS Model-based small area estimators provide consistent and reasonable smoothed trends at both detailed and higher aggregation levels. Results show that the national-level trend exhibits a steeper linear decline over the study period, from 24% in 2001 to 12% in 2021, with a considerable gender difference of around 5% over the period, with males reporting a higher prevalence. Improved model-based estimates at the state level and by age also show steady declines in trends except for the Northern Territory (still above 20%) and older age groups 60-69 and ≥70 years (declining trends remain stable after 2012). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study identify the geographical-demographic groups that had poor improvement over the period 2001-2021, and are still behind the target of achieving lower smoking prevalence. These, in turn, will help health researchers and policymakers deliver targeted programs to the most vulnerable, enabling the nation to meet its health goals in a timely way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Improving the identification of bone‐specific physical activity using wrist‐worn accelerometry: A cross‐sectional study in 11–12‐year‐old Australian children.
- Author
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Brailey, Gemma, Metcalf, Brad, Price, Lisa, Cumming, Sean, Rowlands, Alex, Olds, Timothy, Simm, Peter, Wake, Melissa, and Stiles, Victoria
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WRIST ,CROSS-sectional method ,BONE density ,MATHEMATICS ,RESEARCH funding ,ACCELEROMETRY ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SEX distribution ,EXERCISE intensity ,WEARABLE technology ,AGE distribution ,QUALITY assurance ,PHYSICAL activity ,TIME ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Physical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence is important for the accrual of maximal peak bone mass. The precise dose that benefits bone remains unclear as methods commonly used to analyze PA data are unsuitable for measuring bone‐relevant PA. Using improved accelerometry methods, this study identified the amount and intensity of PA most strongly associated with bone outcomes in 11–12‐year‐olds. Participants (n = 770; 382 boys) underwent tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography to assess trabecular and cortical density, endosteal and periosteal circumference and polar stress‐strain index. Seven‐day wrist‐worn raw acceleration data averaged over 1‐s epochs was used to estimate time accumulated above incremental PA intensities (50 milli‐gravitational unit (mg) increments from 200 to 3000 mg). Associations between time spent above each 50 mg increment and bone outcomes were assessed using multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, maturity, socioeconomic position, muscle cross‐sectional area and PA below the intensity of interest. There was a gradual increase in mean R2 change across all bone‐related outcomes as the intensity increased in 50 mg increments from >200 to >700 mg. All outcomes became significant at >700 mg (R2 change = 0.6%–1.3% and p = 0.001–0.02). Any further increases in intensity led to a reduction in mean R2 change and associations became non‐significant for all outcomes >1500 mg. Using more appropriate accelerometry methods (1‐s epochs; no a priori application of traditional cut‐points) enabled us to identify that ∼10 min/day of PA >700 mg (equivalent to running ∼10 km/h) was positively associated with pQCT‐derived measures of bone density, geometry and strength in 11–12‐year‐olds. Highlights: Accelerometry methods that are commonly used to assess free‐living, bone‐relevant physical activity (PA) are not well suited to measuring bone‐specific characteristics of PA (short bursts of high‐impact activity).Processing raw acceleration data using much shorter epochs (1‐s) and using incremental 50 mg intensity thresholds (rather than traditional, broad intensity thresholds) enabled a bone‐specific, beneficial intensity to be identified.The methods outlined provide a means for more precisely assessing free‐living bone‐relevant PA and permit the transparent and reproducible analysis of raw accelerometry data, which will enhance our ability to quantify dose‐response associations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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5. Access, Readiness and Willingness to Engage in Allied Health Telerehabilitation Services for Adults: Does Cultural and Linguistic Diversity Make a Difference?
- Author
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Tang, Clarice Y., Bastani, Andisheh, Sidhu, Balwinder, Saberi, Golsa, and Baker, Elise
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CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH funding ,HUMAN beings ,STATISTICAL sampling ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,SEX distribution ,TELEREHABILITATION ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,AGE distribution ,CHI-squared test ,LINGUISTICS ,SURVEYS ,ODDS ratio ,ALLIED health personnel ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,DATA analysis software ,CULTURAL pluralism ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,ADULTS - Abstract
Telerehabilitation is an appealing service delivery option for optimising recovery. Internationally, the equity of telerehabilitation services for people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds has been questioned. Using a 31-item survey, our study explored the access, readiness and willingness of 260 patients receiving allied health services from a large tertiary health service located in Sydney, Australia, to use telerehabilitation for adults. Overall, 72% patients reported having access to technology, 38% met our readiness criteria and 53% reported willingness to engage in telerehabilitation. There were no differences in access, readiness and willingness to engage in telerehabilitation between patients from CALD and non-CALD backgrounds. Age was the only factor that influenced access (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.97), readiness (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98) and willingness (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.00) to engage in telerehabilitation. Past experience of telerehabilitation was related to willingness (OR = 2.73, 95% CI 1.55–4.79) but not access (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 0.87 to 3.68) or readiness (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 0.93 to 3.87). Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring positive patient experiences to promote ongoing willingness to use telerehabilitation. Efforts are needed to improve patients' digital health literacy, especially patients from older age groups, to ensure equitable engagement in telerehabilitation services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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6. 'How long do you think?' Unresponsive dying patients in a specialist palliative care service: A consecutive cohort study.
- Author
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O'Connor, Tricia, Liu, Wai-Man, Samara, Juliane, Lewis, Joanne, and Paterson, Catherine
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MORTALITY risk factors ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,PLACE of death ,SEX distribution ,AGE distribution ,DECISION making in clinical medicine ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,LONGITUDINAL method ,TERMINALLY ill ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) ,TIME ,HOSPICE care - Abstract
Background: Predicting length of time to death once the person is unresponsive and deemed to be dying remains uncertain. Knowing approximately how many hours or days dying loved ones have left is crucial for families and clinicians to guide decision-making and plan end-of-life care. Aim: To determine the length of time between becoming unresponsive and death, and whether age, gender, diagnosis or location-of-care predicted length of time to death. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Time from allocation of an Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS) 10 to death was analysed using descriptive narrative. Interval-censored survival analysis was used to determine the duration of patient's final phase of life, taking into account variation across age, gender, diagnosis and location of death. Setting/participants: A total of 786 patients, 18 years of age or over, who received specialist palliative care: as hospice in-patients, in the community and in aged care homes, between January 1st and October 31st, 2022. Results: The time to death after a change to AKPS 10 is 2 days (n = 382; mean = 2.1; median = 1). Having adjusted for age, cancer, gender, the standard deviation of AKPS for the 7-day period prior to death, the likelihood of death within 2 days is 47%, with 84% of patients dying within 4 days. Conclusion: This study provides valuable new knowledge to support clinicians' confidence when responding to the 'how long' question and can inform decision-making at end-of-life. Further research using the AKPS could provide greater certainty for answering 'how long' questions across the illness trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Transmission of and Views About Family Values in an Australian Convenience Sample: A Mixed Methods Study.
- Author
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Riggs, Damien W. and Due, Clemence
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FAMILIES & psychology ,PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,SOCIAL values ,RESEARCH methodology ,AGE distribution ,PSYCHOLOGY of adult children ,SEX distribution ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling ,PUBLIC opinion ,STORYTELLING ,RELIGION ,ADULTS - Abstract
Family values operate in both immediate (i.e., familial) and broader social contexts. This study used a mixed methods approach to examine both forms of family values in the Australian context. A convenience sample of 856 people completed a measure of family values about both their own values and their perceived values of one of their parents, and a measure of familism. Using a story completion approach, a majority of the sample also responded to three story stems focused on the perceived values held by fictional families. Quantitative findings identified relationships between participant and perceived parent values in terms of gender. Participants reported high levels of familism, predicted by religiosity, age, and being a parent. Qualitative findings suggested that some participants were mindful of discrimination faced by the fictional families, but many participants also provided deficit accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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