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• Anodic oxidation coating's cracking causes a severe substrate stress concentration. • Sealing weakens anodic oxidation coating's cracking resistance during fatigue tests. • Prior shot peening enhances the fatigue property of anodic oxidation coated specimen. In this study, the effects of sealing and prior shot peening treatments on the fatigue behavior of the sulphuric acid anodic oxidation coated 6082-T6 aluminium alloy were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the preferential fracture of anodic oxidation coatings due to its higher brittleness and lower fracture toughness as well as the stress concentration of near-interface substrate caused by the interface cyclic dislocation accumulation could cause the fatigue failure of anodic oxidation coated specimens. Consequently, the fatigue property of anodic oxidation coated specimens notably decreases compared to as-machined specimens, with a decrease of 26.7 % in the fatigue limit corresponding to 2 × 107 fatigue cycles. Additionally, the sealing treatment introduces numerous cracks that penetrate the coating entirely, diminishing the coating's resistance to cracking under fatigue loading; this alteration changes the fatigue failure mechanism of anodic oxidation coated specimens, ultimately resulting in a decrease of 15.5 % in the fatigue limit of anodic oxidation coated specimens. Despite exacerbating the surface integrity and increasing the surface roughness of anodic oxidation coated specimens, the prior shot peening treatment increases the fatigue limit of anodic oxidation coated specimens by 82.8 % since the affecting layer beneath the interface plays a crucial role in inhibiting the further propagation of coating cracks into the substrate as well as the crack propagation in the substrate beneath the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]