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The Japanese art of paper folding called origami has underlying principles that can help in the development of complex metamaterial structures. The purpose of the paper is to design, model, and analyze a feasible, more sustainable impact absorbing structure. There has been continuous development in the field of space science and aerodynamics, which has led us to encounter a lot of challenges. One of such challenges is smooth landing of objects. We started by creating tessellations with the help of Miura ori fold to get a repeating structure of the TCO (Triangulated Cylindrical Origami) with an aim to create a general-purpose design for Impact absorbing applications. A comparison between origami TCO’s sheets, hexagonal sandwich sheets, and cardboard corrugated sheets was made. The TCO cells are better at absorbing energy absorption due to their physical structure. The result shows that the Origami TCO sheets exceed the traditional honeycomb and corrugated sheets. As the model we developed is a general-purpose design, it can be upscaled or downscaled depending on its required application, which can range from nano technology to space technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the rapid advancements in space technology and the increasing complexity of space missions, there is a growing need for efficient and effective approaches to tackle the multifaceted challenges faced by space systems. Traditional methods often fall short in providing comprehensive support throughout the entire life cycle of space systems. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel parallel space system architecture based on ACP (artificial systems, computational experiments, and parallel execution) and explores its applications in the design, development, and operation of space systems. The proposed architecture integrates artificial systems with actual space systems and employs computational experiments to generate extensive sample data. This approach enhances the accuracy of the artificial systems' model and optimizes the performance of the real systems, facilitating parallel advancements between the two. The design, development, and operation processes of Q-Sat, implemented using the ACP framework, serve as a case study to illustrate the advantages of parallel space systems. Following adjustments made to the discrepancies between parallel systems under the ACP-based space system framework, the accuracy of missing orbit compensation improved by 86.5%, and the 24-hour forecast positional error was reduced by approximately 65 m. Furthermore, this paper discusses future trends, emphasizing the increasing efficiency and reliability of digitized, integrated, and adaptive space systems. The findings contribute to the understanding of parallel space systems and provide valuable insights for further advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global community, with coordination from the United Nations, is energized to pursue the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a list of 17 important aspirations that summarize the key challenges of our era. The SDGs apply to every nation and represent an international effort to eliminate extreme poverty, ensure access to safe drinking water, strengthen food security, and produce clean and reliable energy, among other pursuits. Space technology is already being used around the world to advance progress toward the SDGs and monitor their related Indicators. This paper explores how six technologies related to space—satellite Earth observation, satellite communication, satellite navigation and positioning, human spaceflight and microgravity research, space technology transfer, and basic scientific research—are being used to realize the vision that the SDGs represent. The paper also discusses the obstacles that limit the application of these technologies for the SDGs and provides an overview of potential paths to overcome these barriers. The paper finally studies the historical and potential roles that four distinct types of entities involved in global sustainable development—governments, non- and inter-governmental organizations, entrepreneurial companies, and universities— have played or may play in the application of space technologies towards the SDGs. • Six space technology areas are shown to support the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. • Examples of space projects that support the SDGs are found in many sectors. • New designs for technology are needed to improve effectiveness of space applications for the SDGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced a new nonexplosive roadway excavation method, combining the reserved free space technology and the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology, where the former is implemented by the gasbag, while the piston splitter is for the latter. The numerical model of roadway excavation was set up via PFC3D to investigate the mechanical fracturing performance, including the single-hole fracturing and the hole network fracturing. The results show that the reasonable hole margin is about 1.0–1.5 m, and the optimal column spacing of the hole network pattern is 1.0 m, after comprehensively analyzing the fracturing performance and the splitting force evolution. Moreover, the mechanical fracturing excavation method was applied to construct a parking chamber in the Kalatongke Mine, to preliminarily verify the feasibility of the static expansion mechanical fracturing technology. The in situ investigation results indicate that the excavation footage is about 0.8 m with the piston splitter when adopting a hole margin of 1.0–1.5 m. To sum up, the preliminary field application and the numerical simulation result both support the feasibility of mechanical fracturing, and the reasonable fracturing hole margin is about 1.0 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep space exploration activities can effectively promote the development and application of space technology, which holds significant scientific and strategic value. Detectors operating in deep space are of long mission periods and substantial distance from Earth, posing challenges in timely resource replenishment. Moreover, scheduled missions may face external uncertainties, hindering their smooth execution. Therefore, resource constraint processing strategies that possess dynamic adjustment capabilities play a crucial role in ensuring the successful execution of deep space detectors. Existing methods mainly focus on studying fixed mission sequences, and the efficiency of planning methods is not high. Specifically, the single uncertainty is only considered, and there is a lack of detection and processing mechanisms, rendering the requirements of deep space detectors inadequate. In this paper, we propose a reverse chain search algorithm, aiming to efficiently plan missions subject to resource constraints and let the mission sequence to possess a certain degree of dynamic repair capability. The results have demonstrated that the resource allocated to each mission is within the resource value range. Compared with the classic algorithm, the proposed algorithm has fewer iterations and whose maximum flow value is accurate. Meanwhile, the potential resource constraints problem during execution can be alerted with the detection and warning system. The missions that were warned are repaired by a dynamic resource repair system, and the proposed algorithm is of higher efficiency and a certain ability to resist external uncertainties. Overall, this paper lays a solid foundation for the processing of resource constraints for deep space detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Human resources development aided the developing space program of the Philippines. • Most of the selected personnel for training came from the academia. • Trainees taken from the industry followed later to support the push for space. • Most of trained personnel opted to stay in the country to support the space program. The Philippines has experienced a shift of interest in space technology development and utilization over the past decade, culminating with the establishment of its national space agency in 2019. In cooperation with different universities in Japan, the Philippines successfully developed and launched two microsatellites, DIWATA-1 and DIWATA-2, and six nanosatellites, MAYA-1 to MAYA-6. By sending personnel to Japan and other space-faring countries, the country was able to rapidly ramp up its satellite development and utilization capabilities. In this paper, we examine and evaluate the complex human resources development efforts conducted by the country to support the creation of a local space ecosystem and ensure its long-term sustainability. Through a careful review, we identify how many people benefited from training programs, studies abroad or other forms of capacity building, and how these skilled individuals were retained in the budding Filipino space sector. Precisely, we looked at the backgrounds of the different people trained by the country, what type of training they received (funding, location, and duration), and how they are supporting the local space ecosystem at the time of writing this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article explores the potential and usefulness of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in space engineering. VR is a realistic, interactive 3D computer-created world that you can explore as if you really are there. In this work, we explored VR technology usage in space borne systems and engineering. Usually, designers use native mechanical design software like CATIA and CREO to design and analyse various systems and subsystems. System designers must also analyse system interfaces, intricacies, and alignments from all angles in an interactive and immersive fashion to foresee and avoid potential issues. Therefore, an in-house virtual reality solution is developed to understand a complex engineering sub-system/system; its assembly, dis-assembly; sectional views and perform 360-degree analysis of system/sub-systems by direct interaction in a virtual environment. This technical paper also explores the use of AR technology for various users to understand intricate engineering models and assist the crew members remotely, even in case of unavailability of proper communication. The AR application is equipped with interactive simulations and demonstrations, enabling engineers to manipulate and investigate 3D models in a mixed-reality environment. Application is designed in a generalized way to take any complex engineering model as an input. The contribution of this work to the field of space technology lies in its innovative approach and in-house developments to visualize and interact with complex models through VR and AR-based solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky famously stated that while the Earth serves as the birthplace of humanity, it is not a place where mankind can indefinitely remain. Perhaps during that period, the prospect of exploring the mysteries of outer space appeared to be an unattainable aspiration. However, in the present day, there are no longer any limitations, not even the sky, since human ingenuity has facilitated access to outer space for humanity. This access is not just for the purposes of research and exploration but also for economic endeavours. Until now, the commercial utilisation of outer space has advanced at a very sluggish rate. However, firms including SpaceX, Orion Span, Virgin Galactic, and Blue Origin have achieved significant advancements in the growth of the space industry. The revenue generated by various space-related endeavours has experienced a significant 73% increase over the last ten years. The global space economy, estimated to be valued at USD one trillion in the coming years, is primarily driven by commercial activities. This presents a formidable challenge to the existing national and international taxation systems. Similar to the open seas, space is also considered res communis omnium, meaning it belongs to the entire community, and presents comparable taxing challenges with potentially uncertain solutions. The three fundamental elements of every taxation regulation, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development or the United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention, are the taxpayer's place of residence, the origin of their income, and the methods by which they generate their money. The current tax system does not have the necessary concepts and provisions to adapt to the rapid advancements in commercial space technology. This paper examines the legal issues surrounding commercial activities conducted in space, including the nature and handling of the income generated in various legal systems. It also addresses concerns such as tax avoidance and excessive taxation, emphasising the necessity for a globally coordinated approach to effectively tax commercial activities in space. • Human ingenuity has facilitated access to outer space for humanity, for the purposes of research and exploration and also for economic endeavours. • Space-related endeavours has experienced a significant 73% increase over the last ten years. • Commercial activities conducted in space require concerted action at international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Research on possible scenarios of implementing AI in nanosatellite constellations. • Challenges, applications and possible strategies in Low Earth Orbits, Transfer Region and Lunar Orbits is discussed. • Several examples and major necessities have been included. • Figures portray severe issues to applications and strategic ways to adopt the AI in nanosat constraints is shown in detail. • The future prospects and ways to step-wise organize and implement AI is discussed. The small satellites have been changing the paradigm of space technology and implementation techniques ever since the NewSpace era has begun a stiff competition and dynamic atmosphere for innovation and recreation. Nanosatellites (ranging from 1 to 10 Kg) have been of significant importance since they have been launched and experimented in the past few decades. The constellations of these satellites will be a test of technology and management in due course of time. The complexity of operations and skilled functioning of the satellites in LEO and beyond is becoming crucial for the space industry and scientific communities. This paper will demonstrate the challenges, applications, and strategies to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI) optimally to make these constellations efficient and productive under the given scenarios and constraints. A thorough investigation through literature study has been initially done to observe and monitor the recent developments and envision the futuristic implementation of cognitive computing in CisLunar space. Hence, a detailed description of strategizing this artificial intelligence implementation in three classified regions as Low Earth Orbits (LEO), Transfer Region (TR), and Lunar Orbits (LO) to emphasize their crucial role in operating nanosatellites is significantly presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We introduce a graph theory model and utilize dispatchable STN to address the mission planning problem for deep space detectors. • The proposed algorithm efficiently decreases the network scale and streamline the computational workload. • Our proposed algorithm effectively tackles the challenge of dynamic mission scheduling to effectively handle emergencies. Deep space exploration activities can effectively promote the development and application of space technology, which holds significant scientific and strategic value. The multi-mission and long-period detector is executed in deep space, and numerous temporal constraints are generated by mission planning. Moreover, scheduled missions may face external uncertainties, hindering their smooth execution. Therefore, temporal constraint processing strategies that possess dynamic adjustment capabilities play a crucial role in ensuring the successful execution of deep space detectors. Existing methods primarily concentrate on investigating fixed mission series, with limited efficiency in planning. Specifically, these methods do not rigorously enforce temporal constraints and lack the capability to handle the disruptions caused by emergencies, which hinder the smooth execution of planned missions. In this paper, we propose a dynamic temporal constraints algorithm, aiming to efficiently plan missions subject to temporal constraints and let it possess a certain degree of dynamic adjust capability. The simulation results demonstrate the effective simplification of redundant temporal constraints in mission networks by the proposed algorithm. In comparison to the classical algorithm, the computation time exhibits a clear advantage. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm possesses the capability to perform local, small-scale dynamic adjustments in response to emergencies that may disrupt the normal execution of missions. Consequently, this research establishes a robust basis for addressing temporal constraints in deep space detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mars rotorcraft is an aerial exploration platform capable of repeated take-offs and landings to extend the range of rover explorations. NASA's Ingenuity helicopter is a full y functioning coaxial helicopter for technology demonstration. Increasing the rotor diameter or the number of blades can enhance the load capacity of the coaxial helicopter but would make it difficult to be folded. A more suitable configuration for Mars exploration is the multi-rotor aircraft, which has a stronger load capacity with the same rotor diameter. Although the aerodynamic performance and operational capabilities of the Mars multi-rotor aircraft have been partially considered, mechatronic system design and autonomous flight control have not been fully addressed. Harbin Institute of Technology and China Academy of Space Technology jointly proposed a deployable Mars quadcopter for air patrol and sampling with a sample mass of 100 g. This paper presents a concept for a Mars quadcopter and its mission operations, including operational procedures and flight modes, to provide a framework for future Mars flight sampling missions. We describe the structure and avionics architecture of the Mars quadcopter. Then, we present the hardware and software design of the guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system to illustrate the autonomous flight control method. Finally, we introduce the deployment mechanism of the Mars quadcopter. • A foldable Mars quadcopter improves the efficiency and flexibility of Mars sample return tasks. • Five-module avionics system augments the Mars quadcopter for survival and operation. • A navigation method combining inertial and binocular vision enables autonomous flight on Mars. • The guidance system based on mode commands can independently plan exploration operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trends in space technology development and rapidly increasing traffic in outer space are likely to lead to the emergence of a market for services for the removal of large debris objects to disposal orbits. The commercial benefits of Active Debris Removal missions are possible when multiple objects are removed by a single spacecraft-collector that flies between targets in an optimal sequence, trying to achieve a rational ratio between mission duration and fuel costs. Given the size of the large debris population, selecting candidates for removal and optimizing such a mission is a non-trivial task. In this paper, a review of solutions, which are proposed in 65 publications between 2010 and 2023 for the problem of path planning between space debris objects in low orbits, is performed. These solutions could be categorized into three main types. The search for transfer chains in the first type of approaches is based solely on combinatorics, supplemented by various heuristics as required. In the second case, combinatorial-heuristic algorithms fully or partially utilize the secular effects of the Earth's polar compression. Solutions of the third type are based only on the use of precession of the Right Ascension of the Ascending Node of the orbit. For each analyzed work, the following information is given: objects of study, maneuvering scheme for a flight between two successive objects, method of choosing the transfer sequence, and main results. At the end of this paper, a subjective general evaluation of the analyzed works is proposed. In order to deepen the reader's understanding of the problem of large space debris removal, this review also provides background information from related fields. The reasons for the growth of observable fragments in near-Earth space and the need to remove large objects to disposal orbits are shown. The history of experiments aimed at the development of ADR technology is given. The article contains a large number of explanatory illustrations. • The review includes more than 200 research articles on the space debris origin, danger and necessity of ADR. • The study covers 65 papers on ADR path planning published between 2010 and 2023. • The thematic publications are divided into three types depending on the approach to the problem. • The description of each paper contains schemes of maneuvers of an active spacecraft and a method of finding its path. • Analysis of ADR mission parameters shows the advantages of solutions using the RAAN drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A class of novel deployable units was proposed. • A method of programmatically constructing ring topology was proposed. • DOF of the ring truss deployable mechanism and units were carried out by screw theory. • The kinematic and dynamic models of the deployable mechanism unit were analyzed. • Prototypes of two splicing schemes were manufactured to verify the mobility. With the rapid development of space technology, deployable mechanisms have attracted much attention because of their potential applications. In this paper, novel deployable mechanism units with self-limiting position function are proposed. Then, the ring truss deployable mechanisms are constructed according to two schemes of shared-nodes and shared-edges. The ring truss deployable mechanism constructed using the shared-edges scheme has higher stability, to further expand the application potential of this scheme, a procedural method is proposed to obtain the ring topology with larger aperture. Next the degree of freedom(DOF) of deployable units are analyzed using screw theory, and according to the synchronization between the units, it is proved that the constructed ring truss deployable mechanisms have only one DOF. The dynamic model of the deployable mechanism unit with the passive actuation is established and verified by simulation. Compared with others, the deployable mechanism units proposed in this paper have the advantages of strong scalability and high stability, and they have good application prospect in constructing large deployable mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of space technology, the amount of information transmission required by satellites and various spacecraft has increased exponentially. The use of optical communications is a means for future high-speed communications. Adopting superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) as a receive detector can be capable of detecting signals on the photon scale, which has great application prospects in the field of deep-space optical communication for faint signal detection. However, the use of SNSPDs and high-peak-power optical pulse signals also place higher demands on the extinction ratio of modulators. Therefore, in this paper, we designed a high extinction ratio optical modulator, which adopts cascaded Mach-Zehnder modulators structure, and the static extinction ratio can be reached 77.5 dB. In addition, an SNSPD-based 3.4 km free space optical communication experiment is successfully carried out by using the modulator and a diffuse reflector plate. • A high static extinction ratio optical modulator is designed, and the extinction ratio can be reached 77.5 dB. • SNSPD-based real time FSO experiment is successfully carried out using the modulator and a diffuse reflector plate. • The experiment successfully transmitted live video signals through 3.4 km FSO channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Technological advances achieved in space can have applications here on Earth. Ilaria Cinelli is a bioengineer focused on improving healthcare globally and advancing space exploration. The exploration of space offers boundless opportunities for human health advancement. TOPIC: Dr. Cinelli is an influential leader in healthcare and space technology on an international scale. Italia Cinelli holds a bachelor's and a master's degree in biomedical engineering from the University of Pisa in Italy. She earned a structured doctorate in neural engineering from the National University of Ireland, Galway. She completed the International Space Studies program at TU Delft, Netherlands, and completed a postdoc in neuromodulation at Tufts University in the US. Ms. Cinelli has served as crew commander on eight analogue missions for the European Space Agency. The European Patent Office commended Ms. Cinelli as one of the 50 Top Voices in Tech for her expertise in space and healthcare. Ilaria's work has spanned many regions of the globe including the UK, USA, Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain, and Italy. She was recognized by The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs as a role model and has invited her to speak about space medicine, engineering and gender equality. Ms. Cinelli has served as a mentor and role model for the Space4Women network of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs since 2020. Ilaria was the youngest President of the Aerospace Human Factors Association from 2013-2021 and also the youngest member of the Mars Society Steering Committee, serving since 2018. Ms. Cinelli was inducted as an AsMA fellow in 2020 and a fellow of the Aerospace Human Factors Association in 2021. APPLICATION: As more humans reach space, innovative leaders like Ilaria Cinelli are integral in translating space advances to ground-based applications and vice versa. Applying space technology to advance healthcare is integral in advancing wellness for humankind on planet Earth and beyond. Ilaria's work is a groundbreaking inspiration to female scientists as well as young, emerging leaders in the aerospace field. Learning Objectives 1. Learners will be able to identify two leadership characteristics of Ilaria Cinelli. 2. Learners will describe how healthcare can be advanced on Earth with application from space technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]