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The large and growing denominational diversity of sub-Saharan Christianity has attracted considerable scholarly attention, but its implications for individual experiences and well-being remain poorly understood. I examine women's perceptions, assessments, and practices in everyday construction of church idiosyncrasies, clustering, and hierarchies and women's abilities and propensities to navigate along and across the corresponding organisational boundaries in a predominantly Christian setting in rural Mozambique. The analysis uses a combination of data from a census of religious congregations, a household survey, in-depth interviews, and participant observation conducted over a decade. It demonstrates that women's church involvement is socially indispensable yet also subjectively non-binding. Accordingly, church boundaries, while clearly delineated and recognised, are also seen as highly permeable. This permeability facilitates the crossing of those boundaries but may also disincentivise such crossing. Although rural women are increasingly capable of navigating through the religious space, they are generally precluded from exiting that space altogether, as secular options for non-family social anchoring remain very limited in this and other similar low-income patriarchal contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In South Africa, households were formed at about twice the rate that the population grew be-tween census 1996 and census 2011 and the number of single-person households ballooned by 150%. Reweighted household survey data shows a surge in household formation in the late 1990s was driven by prime-aged and older women and Black African men, likely connected to new freedoms afforded to these groups after the transition to democracy. Household formation steadied in the 2000s, hiding variation in who formed what types of households. Astonishing growth in the rate at which South Africans live alone was led by Black African men, a group historically associated with circular labour migration. Women instead are heading up complex households including children. These changes connect to long-term marital decline. By 2011, most female heads were never-married and the growing majority population group of never-married adults increased their rate of household formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Territorial inequalities have long been a subject of study and concern in Canada. In the face of large structural changes such as industrial shifts and the decarbonization of our economies, there is an urgency to understand such inequalities and design effective policy interventions for those places facing persistent economic decline. This paper shares a novel composite index that measures economic disparity across Canadian Census Subdivisions (CSDs) using Census data from 2001 through 2016 and the 2011 National Household Survey. Named the "Index of Economic Disparity," it is comprised of an equally weighted average of four sub‐indices that assign percentile rankings for all CSDs based on whether they experience persistent and substantial decline in key economic areas: population, labour force outcomes, working‐age share of population, and industrial diversity. The variation of outcomes across geographies—urban and rural—highlights the importance of place‐based policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the impact of the occupational crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic on Argentina's urban regional labor markets, focusing on the composition, functioning and quality of jobs. It examines the performance of these markets during the year 2020 compared to the previous situation (2019-2020) and the subsequent recovery (2020-2021). Indicators such as changes in the sectoral composition of employment and work precariousness at the aggregate level and in major urban regions are used. The results reveal an increase in inequalities in terms of labor irregularity according to sectoral insertion, occupational category and urban region. These results are based on a descriptive, comparative and inferential data analysis from the Permanent Urban Household Survey (National Institute of Statistics and Census). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Data from social media have emerged as an auxiliary source for real-time information on migrant populations. Facebook users' tagged 'expat' data - an 'expat' being someone who lived in country x but now lives in country y - has been used to estimate immigrants and its quality assessment has relied on household surveys and UNDESA migration estimates. OBJECTIVE: Using the census as the gold standard and six definitions of migration, we examine differences between the 2020 Mexican Census and Facebook data by national origin, age, and sex. We also examine internet penetration among migrants. METHODS: We estimate migration stocks by sex, age, and country of origin for nine Latin American countries, using six definitions of migration available within the census. To evaluate biases of Facebook data, we estimate a series of linear regression models on migrant stocks where our key independent variable is 'expat,' and we control for age, sex, and origin, as well as internet penetration rate. RESULTS: Findings suggest that Facebook data are only associated with the definition that identifies recent immigrants according to country of residence five years prior to the census. Facebook's 'expat' variable is indeed capturing recent immigrants that resided in a given country, and not migrants by other definitions using country of birth and country of prior residence, as in long-term migrants or returnees. CONTRIBUTION: The contributions of this paper are fourfold. In our analysis we (1) evaluate Facebook data quality using the census as the gold standard, (2) compare Facebook data to different migrant definitions, (3) include data on migrant populations' internet access, and (4) include differences by sex and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]