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Background: Lung cancer, characterized by its high morbidity and lethality, necessitates thorough research to enhance our understanding of its pathogenesis and discover novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies increasingly demonstrate that lung cancer cells can modulate the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth, and metastasis through the release of exosomes. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by cells and contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. This paper presents a comprehensive review of exosome research in lung cancer and its progress through bibliometric analysis. Methods: Publications related to exosomes in lung cancer patients were systematically searched on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviwers, CiteSpace, and the R package "Bibliometrics". Publications were quantitatively analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019. The language of publication was restricted to "English" and the search strategy employed TS=(exosomes or exosomes or exosomes) and TS=(lung cancer). The search period commenced on January 1, 2004, and concluded on November 12, 2023, at noon. The selected literature types included Articles and Reviews. Results: The study encompassed 1699 papers from 521 journals across 71 countries and 2105 institutions. Analysis revealed a consistent upward trend in lung cancer exosome research over the years, with a notable surge in recent times. This surge indicates a growing interest and depth of inquiry into lung cancer exosomes. Major research institutions in China and the United States, including Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, and Utmd Anderson Cancer Center, emerged as crucial research hubs. The annual publication count in this field witnessed a continuous rise, particularly in recent years. Key terms such as lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), microvesicles, intercellular communication, exosomal miRNAs, and oncology dominated the research landscape. Fields like cell biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, and oncology exhibited close relation with this research. Clotilde The'ry emerged as the most cited author in the field, underlining her significant contributions. These results demonstrate the broad impact of exosome research in lung cancer, with key terms covering not only disease-specific aspects such as lung cancer and NSCLC but also basic biological concepts like microvesicles and intercellular communication. Explorations into exosomal microRNAs and oncology have opened new avenues for lung cancer exosome research. In summary, lung cancer exosome research is poised to continue receiving attention, potentially leading to breakthroughs in treatment and prevention. Conclusion: Publications on lung cancer exosomes show a rising trend year by year, with China and the United States ranking first and second in terms of the number of publications. However, there is insufficient academic learning cooperation and exchanges between the two sides, and Chinese universities account for a large proportion of research institutions in this field. Jing Li is the most productive author, Clotilde The'ry is the most co-cited author, and Cancers is the journal with the highest number of publications. The current focus in the field of lung cancer exosomes is on biomarkers, liquid biopsies, immunotherapy, and tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Yangtze River Economic Belt Development Strategy" is one of China's three major national development strategies. Enhancing the protection and quality of arable land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) is pivotal for fostering regional growth. In this study, land use data spanning the years 1980 to 2020 in the YEB were extracted from the national land use database maintained by the Resource and Environment Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Employing Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis techniques and arable land change metrics, the study delineated the spatiotemporal characteristics of arable land alterations across the YEB for the period. Additionally, using grain output data at the prefecture level from 2011 to 2020, the paper calculated provincial grain output to analyze the impact of arable land changes over the last four decades on grain output. The findings revealed that: (1) From 1980 to 2020, the total arable land area in the YEB decreased by approximately 41,775 square kilometers, with the most significant decrease occurring in the downstream region. (2) From 1980 to 1990, the primary factor contributing to the decrease in arable land area was the expansion of water bodies, while from 1990 to 2020, the principal reason for the reduction in arable land area was the expansion of construction land. (3) From 1980 to 2020, the decrease in arable land area resulted in a net reduction of approximately 25.12 million tons in total grain output, with the largest decline observed in the downstream regions and the smallest decline in the upstream regions. (4) Consistent with the trends in arable land area reduction, the main reason for the decline in grain output from 1980 to 1990 was the expansion of water bodies encroaching upon arable land, whereas from 2000 to 2010, the primary cause of arable land reduction was the expansion of construction land areas. In conclusion, the research suggested that over the past four decades, the primary driver behind the reduction in arable land within the YEB has been the expansion of construction land areas. Particularly noteworthy was the period from 2000 to 2010, during which the impact of arable land reduction on grain output was most pronounced. This period coincided with the rapid economic development and accelerated urbanization process within the YEB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of energy, food, water, and other utensils by fossil fuels generates pollution that causes constant climate change. To minimize and avoid this phenomenon, opting for less polluting energy production sources is increasingly necessary. Green hydrogen (H 2), a renewable and clean fuel, is analyzed in bibliometric terms in the present work, emphasizing photosynthetic H 2. The data were obtained through the journal database list in Web of Science, in which a total of 1507 was published between January 2010 to September 2022, dealing with the production of photosynthetic green hydrogen. The country with the most significant publication is China, with respectively 24.50% of the publications, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has 60 co-authored papers, the largest in co-authorship—most papers published in the international journal of hydrogen energy, with 19.49% of the publications. The raw materials identified as emerging are cyanobacteria and microalgae, Rhodobacter capsulatus , synechocystis sp pcc6803 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pointed out as the microalgae of most significant interest. However, it is necessary to improve them, given the decrease in inactivity provided by the Calvin-Benson cycle. Life cycle assessment studies are needed, as well as H 2 storage. There is a need to reduce the levelized cost of H 2 production, which is around 9.65–25.22 USD/gallon. Studies also point to using cyanobacteria and microalgae to produce other biofuels (bioethanol biodiesel) and materials (supercapacitors, batteries, and polymers). [Display omitted] • Evaluation of the photosynthetic production of green hydrogen. • Analysis of 1507 papers from the Web of Science with CiteSpace, Vosviwer and Exell. • Advanced bibliometric analysis of future trends in the production of green hydrogen. • Using photosynthetic methods to produce biofuels. • Polymer production uses carbon dioxide and green hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permafrost is strongly associated with human well‐being and has become a frontier of cryospheric science. Professor Guodong Cheng is one of the most outstanding geocryologists in China. He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993 and served as the president of the International Permafrost Association from 1993–1998. In the early 1980s, Professor Cheng proposed the hypothesis of the repeated‐segregation mechanism for the formation of thick‐layered ground ice near the permafrost table. Subsequently, in the early 2000s, he proposed the "proactive roadbed cooling" concept and led the successful development of a series of specific engineering measures that were fully applied in the Qinghai–Tibet Railway Project. Furthermore, he developed a conceptual model to describe the influences of changing permafrost on the groundwater system and discovered the "sink‐holing effect" (channeling with improved hydraulic conductivity of warming permafrost). Professor Cheng has also developed theories on the three‐dimensional zonation and proposed a classification system and an altitude model for high‐altitude permafrost distribution. On this special occasion of Professor Cheng's 80th birthday, this paper summarizes his outstanding achievements on permafrost science, hoping the permafrost research community will carry forward the momentum to further advance permafrost science worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an unbalanced cooperative game, its grand coalition can be stabilized by some instruments, such as subsidization and penalization, that impose new cost terms to certain coalitions. In this paper, we study an alternative instrument, referred to as cost adjustment, that does not need to impose any new coalition-specific cost terms. Specifically, our approach is to adjust existing cost coefficients of the game under which (i) the game becomes balanced so that the grand coalition becomes stable, (ii) a desired way of cooperation is optimal for the grand coalition to adopt, and (iii) the total cost to be shared by the grand coalition is within a prescribed range. Focusing on a broad class of cooperative games, known as integer minimization games, we formulate the problem on how to optimize the cost adjustment as a constrained inverse optimization problem. We prove NP -hardness and derive easy-to-check feasibility conditions for the problem. Based on two linear programming reformulations, we develop two solution algorithms. One is a cutting-plane algorithm, which runs in polynomial time when the corresponding separation problem is polynomial time solvable. The other needs to explicitly derive all the inequalities of a linear program, which runs in polynomial time when the linear program contains only a polynomial number of inequalities. We apply our models and solution algorithms to two typical unbalanced games, including a weighted matching game and an uncapacitated facility location game, showing that their optimal cost adjustments can be obtained in polynomial time. History: Accepted by Area Editor Andrea Lodi for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72022018 and 72091210]; the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR, China [Grant 16210020]; Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Grant P0032007]; and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Grant 2021454]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0268. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider optimization problems over closed embedded submanifolds of Rn , which are defined by the constraints c(x) = 0. We propose a class of constraint-dissolving approaches for these Riemannian optimization problems. In these proposed approaches, solving a Riemannian optimization problem is transferred into the unconstrained minimization of a constraint-dissolving function (CDF). Different from existing exact penalty functions, the exact gradient and Hessian of CDF are easy to compute. We study the theoretical properties of CDF and prove that the original problem and CDF have the same first-order and second-order stationary points, local minimizers, and Łojasiewicz exponents in a neighborhood of the feasible region. Remarkably, the convergence properties of our proposed constraint-dissolving approaches can be directly inherited from the existing rich results in unconstrained optimization. Therefore, the proposed constraint-dissolving approaches build up short cuts from unconstrained optimization to Riemannian optimization. Several illustrative examples further demonstrate the potential of our proposed constraint-dissolving approaches. Funding: The research of N. Xiao and K.-C. Toh is supported by the Ministry of Education of Singapore Academic Research Fund Tier 3 [Grant MOE-2019-T3-1-010]. The research of X. Liu is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12125108, 11971466, 12288201, 12021001, and 11991021]; the National Key R&D Program of China [Grants 2020YFA0711900 and 2020YFA0711904]; and the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Grant ZDBS-LY-7022]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms like fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and aquatic plants, which has become a crucial source of protein and income. However, bacterial infections pose a significant challenge to the aquaculture industry and traditional treatments, such as antibiotics and chemicals, have limitations and environmental concerns. Disease prevention and control measures, such as the use of probiotics, vaccines, and biosecurity measures, are essential for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Further research is also needed to develop more effective and sustainable strategies for the prevention and control of bacterial fish pathogens in aquaculture, where alternative treatments such as herbal extracts, essential oils, and probiotics require further investigation for efficacy and safety. Microalgae, particularly Chlorella, have potential applications in various industries such as biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and wastewater treatment. However, their large-scale production and commercialization face challenges. Safety of Chlorella to fish is a crucial issue that requires careful evaluation, with hematology being an essential tool to assess its effects on fish health and physiology. Studies show that Chlorella is safe for fish and does not have adverse effects on growth, survival, or immune system function. Chlorella is a safe and sustainable option for aquaculture, free from harmful chemicals and antibiotics. The Green Water System utilizes Chlorella as a natural filter and nutrient recycler, improving water quality and providing a well-balanced diet for aquatic animals. This eco-friendly approach also enhances fish immune systems, growth rates, and survival rates. The scientometric review shows significant research activity, with Chang JS being a prominent author and People's R China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences leading in contributions. The use of Chlorella shows promise as an alternative treatment for bacterial fish pathogens in aquaculture due to its antibacterial properties, safety, and sustainability. However, challenges such as cost-effectiveness and standardization need to be addressed for successful implementation in the aquaculture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate economic development in the digital economy and uncover trends and insights that might contribute to future research. Furthermore, the study, examining English-language publications from 2000 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection, employs bibliometric and content analysis to statistically evaluate the field of economic development in the digital economy. Co-citation, co-authorship, and bibliographical coupling analyses revealed China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and "Sustainability" as the leading influencers in terms of country, institution, and journal, respectively. Five key themes emerged: (1) the interplay between digital technologies and economic growth, (2) leveraging digital tools for businesses, (3) the applications and impacts of diverse digital technologies across sectors, (4) the broader social implications of the digital economy, and (5) government policies for fostering digital economic progress. The study concludes by proposing avenues for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]