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This article explores the concept of the urban impasse, which refers to the tension between the potential actions available to individuals in urban environments and the constraints that limit their choices. The authors argue that this impasse contributes to structural inequalities in cities. They advocate for a relational approach to studying the urban, which considers the long-term trends and institutions that shape urban life. The article includes case studies from Berlin, São Paulo, and Brazilian favelas to illustrate the complexities of urban inequalities and the role of institutions in shaping social action. The authors conclude by emphasizing the need for a deeply situational perspective to understand the conflicts and management of cities. [Extracted from the article]

Placemaking is a concept used in urban planning to shape public spaces. It is a complex and evolving concept that involves various actors with different goals, including grassroots community members, artists, developers, and governments. Placemaking has the potential to address urban crises and improve urban life, but it is distinct from mainstream planning and can take the form of informal interventions led by activists. It has been influenced by various discourses, including post-capitalism and post-liberalism, and it is important to consider how it can benefit marginalized groups and contribute to meeting place-based goals of access and inclusion. Placemaking has gained renewed attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are challenges to maintaining its integrity, such as the rush to implement initiatives without proper community engagement. Despite these challenges, placemaking holds potential for progress in addressing social vulnerabilities and building bridges across communities. [Extracted from the article]