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Among the classical dances, Odissi is one of the major classical dances. With time, the dance performances of various Odissi gurus spread Odissi dance outside India and other countries. Like other Indian classical dances in Bangladesh, Odissi dance is also growing in popularity. In 1985, Padma Vibhushan Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra's illustrious disciple, Smt. Sanjukta Panigrahi received the first Odissi classical dance promotion. In 1989 Smt. Sani Mahapatra first popularized Odissi dance in the dance style of Guru Kelucharan Mahapatra in Bangladesh. At present Odissi dance has been attached to the dance department in Bangladesh University of Dhaka. Also, Odissi training is being given at Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy, Indian High Commission, IGCCR, Shanta Mariam Private University, and various institutions. As a result, the promotion and expansion of Odissi dance have been significantly noticeable in the past few years. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the present situation of Odissi dance in post post-independent era in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undesirable companion dog behaviours negatively impact the lives of both owners and dogs. Therefore, it is imperative that behaviour modification interventions are researched to establish effectiveness. Counterconditioning is commonly recommended for modification of a broad range of undesirable dog behaviours, however, to date, no comprehensive review has investigated the effectiveness of this technique. This study aimed to evaluate the existing literature on counterconditioning interventions for dog behaviour modification, adopting broad inclusion criteria. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 12 peer-reviewed papers and 2 dissertations were identified. A review of these 14 studies found that there were discrepancies in the definitions and applications of counterconditioning-based interventions. These discrepancies were based on the contingency with which dogs received reinforcement and could be categorised into classical and operant counterconditioning methodologies. The majority of the studies resulted in positive outcomes, particularly when addressing undesirable kennel behaviours and aggressive behaviours towards other dogs or household visitors. However, separation-related behaviours were found to be more resistant to change. Furthermore, heterogeneity in intervention techniques, reliance on expert implementation or instruction, and small sample sizes, limit the generalisability of the results. Our review confirms the effectiveness of counterconditioning in reducing undesirable dog behaviours, however it is essential that future studies clearly detail all aspects of the intervention, such that methodologies can be accurately understood, applied, and compared. Future research should also focus on increasing sample sizes and including physiological measures of stress of participating dogs. • Research investigating counterconditioning for dog behaviour modification was reviewed. • There was marked variation in the definitions and applications of counterconditioning. • These applications can be categorised as classical or operant counterconditioning. • Heterogeneity in interventions makes conclusions on effectiveness of techniques difficult. • Semantic clarity is essential in further dog behavioural intervention research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leo Lok is a practitioner and independent scholar of Chinese medicine. As a native speaker of multiple Chinese languages and a fluent reader of premodern texts, he is passionate about transmitting ancient knowledge and perspectives to a modern audience which he does through his online platform, Voices of Our Medical Ancestors. In this interview, recorded in April 2024, Leo talks with the editor of the Journal of Chinese Medicine, Daniel Maxwell, about aspects of textual transmission, acupuncture styles, needle retention and how to make progress along the path of Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]