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This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review and visualization of smart and sustainable energy consumption, delving into the challenges and opportunities of developing renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The study examines research trends and emerging themes about integrating smart solutions and sustainable energy resource consumption. The analytical methods used involve thoroughly analyzing empirical data, case studies, and review papers to map the research landscape. The results highlight dominant research topics, influential authors, and publication timelines in this field. The review identifies the key challenges in harnessing renewable and non-renewable energy sources, including the need for reliable energy sources, energy storage systems, and smart grid technologies. The paper concludes with insights into the most effective practices for promoting smart and energy-efficient methods while emphasizing the complexity of sustainable energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has emerged as a global focal point, notably affecting vulnerable countries like Pakistan. The country faces heightened risk, prompting concern among many due to its susceptibility to climate-related hazards. An imperative challenge arising from this phenomenon is the necessary shift towards sustainable energy, particularly concerning energy consumption within the building sector. Buildings significantly contribute to daily energy usage and subsequent GHG emissions. In Pakistan, transitioning to energy-efficient building stock holds pivotal importance in mitigating climate change impacts. This hinges on establishing a robust institutional framework and regulatory structure centered around energy efficiency. While Pakistan possesses policies and national guidelines advocating for energy-efficient buildings, their practical enforcement and application remain inadequate. The inception of the Building Energy Code of Pakistan in 1990, based on ASHRAE 90.1 standards, marked a step forward. However, obstacles rooted in institutional weakness and limited capacity building have impeded its effective adoption and adherence. Although the Energy Provisions of 2011 introduced modifications, their scope remained confined mainly to commercial structures. This paper conducts an extensive assessment of Pakistan's existing institutional and regulatory framework for building energy efficiency and transition. Drawing on literature insights and stakeholder perspectives, an in-depth understanding of prevailing policies and institutions uncovers underlying reasons for noncompliance and limited implementation. Additionally, input was gathered from stakeholders through interviews, aiming to identify barriers obstructing the reinforcement of building energy efficiency measures in Pakistan. Discourse and narrative analysis, informed by literature and stakeholder interviews, revealed the significance of awareness, participation, coordination, capacity building, technical expertise, finance, and resources as key factors contributing to deficient compliance and implementation of existing codes and policy guidelines. This paper also proposes actionable recommendations to expedite the transition towards a sustainable, energy-efficient building stock in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on advancements and future directions in process design for sustainable energy systems. Topics discussed include optimizing energy management strategies for fuel-cell hybrid vehicles; reviewing energy-efficient and renewable systems in educational institutions; and developing automated methods for enhancing energy efficiency in industrial robotics.

The object of the research of the article is transport system of a city. The paper reviews the necessity to assess the greenhouse emissions in the city and proposes the methods for greenhouse emissions inventory of the urban transport system. The proposed approach is aligned with guidelines for the development of Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) of Mayor Covenants of European Union (EU). The methodologies outlined in the paper allow to estimate annual greenhouse emissions from transport sector. The SECAP defines transport sectors based on ownership and functioning as following: municipal transport fleet, public transport, and private and commercial transport. The paper proposes the methodology to estimate direct and indirect emissions in each of the described sector based on the information that is typicaly available to municipalities in Ukraine. The assessment is conducted on disaggregated level for different fuel types (diesel, petroleum, natural gas, biofuel, electricity, etc.) and separately for each fleet type (buses, trucks, passenger vehicles, specialized machinery). Total CO2 emissions are then estimated by multiplying the amount of fuel consumed by the emission factor for each fuel type and vehicle type. Information of fuel consumption is estimated based on annual milage and estimated based on available data and number of assumptions proposed in the paper. The proposed methodology for greenhouse emissions inventory for the transport sector allows to analyze available data, recommendations for data collection and a methodology for determining CO2 emissions from the operation of the transport system with sufficient accuracy of calculations. Based on these results, it is possible to forecast changes in energy consumption and emissions in the transport sector as a result of various interventions. For example, in Zhytomyr city the results of inventory were used to develop a set of measures, which include updating the rolling stock of electric transport; increasing the energy efficiency of the power grids of the transport system, developing cycling infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is the relationship between sustainable energy sources and financial development. The main research hypothesis assumes a positive link between these areas, with inevitable differences across countries and business sectors. The following research questions were asked: Is the impact of financial development on sustainable energy resources the same in different EU countries advanced in green transition processes? How is transition towards renewable energy sources progressing in different economic sectors? Does financial development influence sectoral transition in particular countries? This study uses the TOPSIS method and 25 variables for EU countries from 2013 to 2021. Key findings reveal that the link between sustainable energy sources and financial development varies across EU countries, country size affects energy autonomy, and the transition also differs by business sector. Surprisingly, higher financial development correlates with less progress in sustainable energy initiatives. The results of our research may be useful for government decision-makers in the process of designing and controlling the country's transition to sustainable energy. The original contribution of the study is expressed in its the diagnosis of the relationship between financial development and sustainable energy sources, while most studies have focused on the relationship between the energy market and financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process Intensification (PI) is an effective way to enhance process efficiency and sustainability at affordable costs and efforts, attracting particular interest in the European area, as one of the most important chemical production areas in the world. PI primarily contributes by developing and testing new processing technologies that once integrated within a process improve the overall process performance substantially but as a result, it may alter the overall process (flowsheet) structure and its dynamic behavior. As such PI plays a key role in improving energy efficiency, optimizing resource allocation, and reducing environmental impact of industrial processes, and thereby leading to a cost- effective, eco-efficient, low-carbon and sustainable industry. However, along with opportunities, the PI new technologies have challenges related to failures in longer-term performance. In this respect, Process Systems Engineering (PSE) stance is more on integration aspects of new PI technologies into processes by making process (re)designs, doing operability studies, and performance optimizations within a supply chain setting. PSE contributes to overcoming the challenges by providing systematic approaches for the design and optimization of PI technologies. This perspective paper is a lightly referenced scholarly opinion piece about the status and directions of process intensification field from a PSE viewpoint. Primarily, it focuses on PSE perspectives towards sustainable lower energy usage process systems and provides a brief overview of the current situation in Europe. It also emphasizes the key challenges and opportunities for (new) PI technologies considering their integration in a process in terms of process synthesis and design, process flowsheet optimization, process and plantwide control, (green) electrification, sustainability improvements. Potential research directions on these aspects are given from an industrial and academic perspective of the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To face with the surge of cloud computing services, energy problem and carbon mission constraint, more and more geo-distributed hybrid powered data centers are build over the world. Geo-distributed hybrid powered data centers are located in different locations equipped with different types of green energy source. In this work, we propose a periodic requests dispatcher, including a periodic model and a spatial balance algorithm, to minimize the brown energy use. The periodic model divides the long-term period into several time slots, and the spatial balance algorithm achieves energy optimization by balancing user requests in each time slot. Besides, a research case is simulated by Cloudsim platform. We conduct several comparative analysis in aspect of energy utilization, electricity cost and carbon emission. The experiment results show that the dispatcher can effectively reduce the electricity cost, and reasonably achieve the request distribution balance in geo-distributed hybrid powered data centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Split incentives, in which the costs and benefits of energy efficiency upgrades are unevenly felt between landlords and tenants, are a powerful barrier that prevents retrofits from taking place. The problem is clearly playing out across the low-income, and inefficient homes of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, Canada, where greenhouse emissions are high, and a large proportion of residents are burdened by energy poverty. To help solve the problem and facilitate home energy efficiency renovations, a project called Energize Bridgewater was developed. Guided by 10 semi-structured interviews with Energize Bridgewater team members (n = 4) and property managers (n = 6), we present a case study which sought to contextualize and better understand how Energize Bridgewater may incentivize owners of rental houses to participate in this clean energy transition. Our results focus on three main findings: i) the reality of the split incentive problem in Bridgewater; ii) barriers to landlord engagement; and iii) reactions to proposed programming. We close this paper with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our work, including a set of recommendations for Energize Bridgewater and similar projects facing the split incentive problem while working toward a clean and cost-effective energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A bibliometric analysis of the relevant literature on tunnel lighting was conducted. • The literature is sorted by energy saving, visual comfort, and low carbon. • The relationship between energy saving and low carbon is discussed. • The relationship between energy saving and comfort is also discussed. • The optimization methods of tunnel light environment are summarized. A reasonable and applicative tunnel light environment is important to ensure driving safety. This review aims to contribute to this growing area of research by exploring the tunnel lighting, which expands from safety to visual comfort, energy saving, and low carbon This paper employs bibliometric method to a visual analysis of the relevant literature and summarizes current research efforts and development directions. Firstly, the literature is visually presented by CiteSpace to elaborate the state-of-art with the dimensions of the timeline graph, the keyword co-occurrence graph, and the institutions & countries co-occurrence graph. Afterwards the literature is reviewed from three major perspectives: energy saving, visual comfort, and low carbon. Current research is mainly on luminaire arrangement, auxiliary lighting and other measures to reduce energy consumption. Visual comfort is mainly improved by optimizing the light environment's physical quantities, e.g. luminance, color temperature, color rendering etc. Current measures to achieve low carbon targets include green energy, green photoconductivity, green luminaires and green operation. Energy saving, visual comfort and low carbon are interrelated and complementary. However, a systematic understanding of how tunnel lighting contributes to carbon emission is still lacking. There is still room for development in tunnel lighting to achieve full intelligent control and the goal of carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary world faces several energy problems and struggles to balance sustainable energy and steady industrial development. In this context, the existing energy efficiency studies have not unfolded the mysteries surrounding the industrial units' energy-saving potential and the key determinants and impacts of the manufacturing units' energy efficiency levels. Therefore, there is a need to comprehensively study the existing energy efficiency studies and clarify the above. Considering two databases, Scopus and Web of Science, the study uses bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review to analyze the current energy efficiency literature. The bibliometric analysis is based on 619 published papers and assesses the existing energy efficiency literature to ascertain the evolution of energy efficiency studies from 2001 to 2022. This investigation adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) framework for a systematic review of ninety-three relevant papers from the existing energy efficiency literature. The systematic literature review (SLR) highlights twenty-seven theories discussed in several dimensions of the environmental and industrial linkages in the manufacturing sector. Subsequently, the study identifies energy efficiency measures and the associated methodological issues. Next, the study addresses the available set of determinants and the impacts of energy efficiency performance on manufacturing industries across the globe. It explores the potential research gap in the existing studies. Finally, the concluding remarks, discusses several policy implications, and suggests avenues for future research in the direction of theory, context, and methodology in energy efficiency domain. [Display omitted] • Bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review are performed to synthesize the current energy efficiency studies. • The study considers 619 energy efficiency papers from Scopus and Web of Science databases over the past 22 years. • The study uses the PRISMA-2020 framework and uses Bibliometrix in R (RStudio) and VOSViewer software for the analysis. • SLR considers 93 papers and identifies 27 existing theories, addresses determinants and impacts of energy efficiency. • The study identifies the research gap, presents several policy implications and provides the scope for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the escalating global warming and its severe consequences, the exploitation of hydrogen, an eco-friendly energy carrier, is gaining great interest. This paper comprehensively reviews the most common hydrogen production, storage, transportation and utilization processes, while their effectiveness is explored from energy, water, economic and environmental perspectives. Their main characteristics, advantages, shortcomings and challenges are discussed as well. The research reveals that the hydrogen's water footprint, energy consumption, carbon emissions, and cost vary significantly depending on the specific technologies used throughout its life cycle, from production to end use. For instance, fossil fuel-based hydrogen production methods, such as steam methane reforming, offer elevated energy performance and cost-effectiveness, but have a significant carbon footprint. In contrast, water electrolysis is environmentally friendly, but requires more water and has lower energy efficiency. Besides, high-pressure containers are the preferred method for hydrogen storage, while liquid and solid storages are better suited for high-energy-density applications. Regarding hydrogen transportation, pipelines are effective over long distances, whereas tankers are convenient for short distances. Furthermore, fuel cells are more energy, carbon and water efficient when using hydrogen as fuel, but they are generally more expensive than internal combustion engines. [Display omitted] • Hydrogen production, storage, transportation and utilization methods are reviewed. • Their energy efficiency, water use, cost, and environmental impact are explored. • Key recommendations to boost the utilization of hydrogen systems are outlined. • Fossil fuel-based technologies are more energy-efficient and cost-effective. • Renewable-based processes are more environmentally friendly but water-intensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation of this paper is to investigate the resistance of countries' energy research and development (RD&D) expenditures to random shocks. The analysis includes the five countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom) that are the biggest investors in RD&D in fossil fuels, renewables, energy efficiency, and nuclear energy. Thus, economies will be able to take precautions against global shocks in producing sustainable energy policies. To achieve this aim, this paper uses the artificial neural network approach, which uses a distributed computing model that can store and generalize data after a learning period. Empirical results widely depend on countries and distinct energy technology policy fields. The key findings provide evidence that RD&D expenditures, except for renewables, do not tend to mean revert. The economies of Japan, Germany, and the United States should make more renewable investments to reduce the resistance of renewable energy sources to shocks and thus produce policies for both environmental sustainability and energy security. The economies of France and the United Kingdom can ensure energy security by continuing their sustainable energy policies. • Applied SDG policies focused on energy technology RD&D are presented. • The stochastic characteristics of energy technology investments are examined. • Carbon-reducing policies are recommended for the top five economies. • Energy technologies are perused through artificial intelligence approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption analysis has often faced challenges such as limited model accuracy and inadequate consideration of the complex interactions between energy usage and meteorological data. This study is presented as a solution to these challenges through a detailed analysis of energy consumption across UBC Campus buildings using a variety of machine learning models, including Neural Networks, Decision Trees, Random Forests, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Support Vector Regression, and K-Neighbors. The primary objective is to uncover the complex relationships between energy usage and meteorological data, addressing gaps in understanding how these variables impact consumption patterns in different campus buildings by considering factors such as seasons, hours of the day, and weather conditions. Significant interdependencies among electricity usage, hot water power, gas, and steam volume are revealed, highlighting the need for integrated energy management strategies. Strong negative correlations between Vancouver's temperature and energy consumption metrics are identified, suggesting opportunities for energy savings through temperature-responsive strategies, especially during warmer periods. Among the regression models evaluated, deep neural networks are found to excel in capturing complex patterns and achieve high predictive accuracy. Valuable insights for improving energy efficiency and sustainability practices are offered, aiding informed decision-making for energy resource management in educational campuses and similar urban environments. Applying advanced machine learning techniques underscores the potential of data-driven energy optimization strategies. Future research could investigate causal relationships between energy consumption and external factors, assess the impact of specific operational interventions, and explore integrating renewable energy sources into the campus energy mix. UBC can advance sustainable energy management through these efforts and can serve as a model for other institutions that aim to reduce their environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), industrial robots, and renewable energy consumption, driven by the rapid technological advancements and widespread adoption of AI tools in various industries. This research aims to evaluate the environmental implications of these technologies, specifically their impact on renewable energy usage. Employing a comprehensive analytical framework, this study utilizes advanced methodologies, including regularization factors, to accurately estimate the effects of these variables. Through a thorough data analysis, the research quantifies how AI and industrial robots influence the shift towards renewable energy sources. The findings reveal that investments in AI significantly enhance renewable energy consumption, as demonstrated by both conventional estimation techniques and those that integrate regularization factors. Conversely, the use of industrial robots is found to have a detrimental effect on renewable energy consumption. These results have important implications for policymakers, industry leaders, and sustainability researchers. This study encourages policymakers and investors to prioritize funding for AI solutions that promote renewable energy adoption, while it advises industry managers to strategically modify their use of industrial robots to reduce their environmental impact. Ultimately, this research lays a critical foundation for future inquiries and policy initiatives aimed at aligning technological advancements with sustainable energy practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and natural resource depletion have reinvigorated the relevance of technical advancements in energy efficiency, which has been emphasized by the Paris Climate Accord that includes a framework for carbon neutrality. In that effort, the governments have been allocating a considerable amount of budget shares to research and development relating to energy efficiency and green energy. Thus, this study primarily examines the impact and effectiveness of research and development on energy efficiency and energy sources (renewables and fossil fuels) on CO2 emissions in the European region using a novel Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). Our data cover annual observations of 9 EU countries, including Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden, based on the period 1990–2021. Our empirical findings confirm that the U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve occurs across all quantiles at 1% significance levels. The findings reveal that energy consumption increases CO2 emissions across the lower to higher quantiles. We discover that (i) R&D on renewable energy cuts CO2 emissions just at the median and higher quantiles, (ii) R&D on Fossil Fuels decreases CO2 emissions just at the lower quantile, and (iii) R&D on Energy efficiency lowers CO2 emissions at both the median and higher quantiles. Therefore, empirical findings suggest that policymakers should maintain their incentives for energy efficiency R&D and renewable R&D to achieve sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the comprehensive changes and adjustments made to the Bachelor's degree program in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (BSc) to align with the growing need for sustainable energy solutions. The primary objective of these revisions is to equip future engineers with a deep understanding of both traditional fossil energy sources and emerging renewable energy technologies, with a particular emphasis on smart grids. The revamped curriculum integrates advanced content delivery through a unique blend of professional laboratories, in-person lectures, discussions with industry experts, and online courses. By providing a holistic educational experience, the program aims to prepare graduates to lead the transition towards sustainable energy systems, fostering innovation and resilience in the energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition towards a sustainable and renewable energy future is essential to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Small–medium combined heat and power (CHP) systems are increasingly popular for distributed energy generation, as they offer improved energy efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional power generation systems. This article reviews recent research articles related to small–medium CHP systems, including their role in renewable energy systems, use of biofuels, steam injection, diagnostics, and carbon capture. Throughout the research, the high potential of coastal regions has been observed and studied as a solid base for the later development of CHP systems. Based on the reviewed literature, the highest potential solutions are proposed to be further investigated as an efficient, economical solution for generating electricity and heat for various small-scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global energy crisis has spurred increased investments in energy efficiency and clean energy initiatives; however, the results have fallen short of expected effectiveness. Concurrently, population growth and urbanisation drive a persistent surge in energy demands, especially within the residential sector, significant to overall building energy consumption. Current research focuses on residents' responses to one-shot investments for energy efficiency or clean sources. The renovation wave, involving a massive number of existing buildings, calls for the mobilisation of huge investments that can be hard to afford in the short run. Sustainable behavioural change is complementarily rising as a key asset for maximising the overall estimated energy saving potential. Despite significant efforts to analyse household energy use and promote behavioural transformations, the literature remains gaping about future users, particularly the younger generation, as future leaders of sustainable development who exhibit a more responsible approach towards climate-related issues but also a strong dependency on digital-based solutions, which may influence energy use patterns and living habits, also impacting relations among peers and overall societal sustainability and energy efficiency. This article proposes a systematic literature review to analyse the variables affecting young people's energy behaviour at home. The aim is to investigate the engines and gaps between strategies or tools for behaviour change and the expected effects, then find potential methods to address that barrier to identify a more promising approach, encouraging the younger generation to translate towards more sustainable energy behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a novel cross-domain knowledge transfer method is implemented to optimize the tradeoff between energy consumption and information freshness for all pieces of equipment powered by heterogeneous energy sources within smart factory. Three distinct groups of use cases are considered, each utilizing a different energy source: grid power, green energy source, and mixed energy sources. Differing from mainstream algorithms that require consistency among groups, the proposed method enables knowledge transfer even across varying state and/or action spaces. With the advantage of multiple layers of knowledge extraction, a lightweight knowledge transfer is achieved without the need for neural networks. This facilitates broader applications in self-sustainable wireless networks. Simulation results reveal a notable improvement in the 'warm start' policy for each equipment, manifesting as a 51.32 % increase in initial reward compared to a random policy approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As digital economy develops, its impact on green innovation and energy efficiency has become the focus of current research. To explore the impact of the current development of the digital economy on the energy industry, this paper selects the parameter of green innovation resilience, analyzes the impact mechanism of green innovation resilience on energy efficiency under the shock of digital economic development, and uses relevant data from 284 cities in China from 2011 to 2019 for empirical testing. It is found that: green innovation resilience promotes energy efficiency; low level of green innovation resilience inhibits the improvement of energy efficiency, while high level of resilience promotes energy efficiency; the initial stage of digital economic development generates resource grabbing and the effect of technological constraints, which weakens the role of green innovation resilience in promoting energy efficiency. The results indicate that the resilience of the green innovation system should be strengthened in order to fully tap the potential for promoting energy efficiency; the policy orientation of "digital greening—energy efficient" should be pursued in the development of digital economy; the rational allocation of resources and the implementation of green standards should be strengthened in the process of digital economic development; and the constraints on energy efficiency improvement in the early stage of digital economic development should be broken through by accelerating the digitalization process. • Green innovation resilience can promote energy efficiency. • Early digital economy development can lead to resource grabbing and technology constraints effects. • Pursuing the policy orientation of "digital greening—energy efficient". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to test the role of market timing between oil price shock and energy efficiency mitigation in ASEAN countries. To achieve the study objective, a persistence econometric modeling technique is applied. The results revealed that oil prices are now the other main source of energy efficiency mitigation in ASEAN economies. Market timing-based factors are replaced with for oil price shock to increase, warranting a collaborative environment. Moreover, green financing loan schemes invest both public and private funds in energy efficiency mitigation to capitalize on a cleaner environment by controlling the oil price shock. The consideration and application of financial consideration for sustainable innovation-financing projects or companies is limitless. Providing for screening CO2 emission reduction and cooperation proposals with speedy greenhouse gas reduction rates might have large opportunity costs. There may be a case for governments to increase industrial growth, improve resource efficiency, and increase factor productivity while tackling energy efficiency. Economic growth in ASEAN may have an even greater influence on greenhouse gas reduction than in other countries. On such points, there is a need to pay attention. If the suggested policy suggestions are implemented successfully, they would help enhance the scope of financing considerations for sustainable innovation to uplift energy efficiency mitigation through market timing-based mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambitious targets of peaking CO2 emissions before 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality before 2060 (Goal 3060) have emerged as the driving force in the development of China's low-carbon energy policy. Adopting a systematic review approach, this article provides a timely analysis of key Chinese renewable energy and energy efficiency policies under Goal 3060 across five sectors: electricity, industry, transportation, buildings, and local governments. In addition, the review identifies challenges to be addressed and offers policy recommendations. There are five main conclusions: (1) expedite the development of market-based and network-based governance systems; (2) pursue the harmonization of policies by avoiding contradiction and fragmentation; (3) develop new policies, especially in the building and transportation sectors; (4) embrace surveillance technologies to improve implementation and compliance; and (5) ensure just transition by implementing policy to reduce the negative socioeconomic impacts on fossil fuels-based communities and workers. This review serves as a useful guide for scholars interested in China's clean and low-carbon energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]