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Background: In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), the association between low-flow time and outcomes in accidental hypothermia (AH) patients compared to those of patients without AH has not been fully investigated. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the retrospective multicenter registry in Japan. We enrolled patients aged ≥ 18 years who had been admitted to the emergency department for OHCA and had undergone ECPR between January, 2013 and December, 2018. AH was defined as an arrival body temperature below 32 °C. The primary outcome was survival to discharge. Cubic spline analyses were performed to assess the non-linear associations between low-flow time and outcomes stratified by the presence of AH. We also analyzed the interaction between low-flow time and the presence of AH. Results: Of 1252 eligible patients, 105 (8.4%) and 1147 (91.6%) were in the AH and non-AH groups, respectively. Median low-flow time was 60 (47–79) min in the AH group and 51 (42–62) min in the non-AH group. The survival discharge rates in the AH and non-AH groups were 44.8% and 25.4%, respectively. The cubic spline analyses showed that survival discharge rate remained constant regardless of low-flow time in the AH group. Conversely, a decreasing trend was identified in the survival discharge rate with longer low-flow time in the non-AH group. The interaction analysis revealed a significant interaction between low-flow time and AH in survival discharge rate (p for interaction = 0.048). Conclusions: OHCA patients with arrival body temperature < 32 °C who had received ECPR had relatively good survival outcomes regardless of low-flow time, in contrast to those of patients without AH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of a prophylactic distal perfusion catheter (DPC) after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the association between prophylactic DPC and prognosis in patients with OHCA undergoing ECPR. A secondary analysis of the Study of Advanced Life Support for Ventricular Fibrillation with Extracorporeal Circulation in Japan (SAVE-J II) database was performed to compare groups of patients with and without prophylactic DPCs. A multivariate analysis of survival at discharge was performed using factors that were significant in the two-arm comparison. A total of 2044 patients were included in the analysis after excluding those who met the exclusion criteria. Survival at discharge was observed in 548 (26.9%) patients. In total, 100 (4.9%) patients developed limb ischemia, among whom 14 (0.7%) required therapeutic intervention. Multivariate analysis showed that prophylactic DPC did not result in a significant difference in survival at discharge (odds ratio: 0.898 [0.652–1.236], p = 0.509). The implementation of prophylactic DPC after ECPR for patients with OHCA may not contribute to survival at discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A better understanding of the relative contributions of various factors to patient outcomes is essential for optimal patient selection for extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) therapy for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, evidence on the prognostic comparison based on the etiologies of cardiac arrest is limited. What is the etiology-based prognosis of patients undergoing ECPR for OHCA? This retrospective multicenter registry study involved 36 institutions in Japan and included all adult patients with OHCA who underwent ECPR between January 2013 and December 2018. The primary etiology for OHCA was determined retrospectively from all hospital-based data at each institution. We performed a multivariable logistic regression model to determine the association between etiology of cardiac arrest and two outcomes: favorable neurologic outcome and survival at hospital discharge. We identified 1,781 eligible patients, of whom 1,405 (78.9%) had cardiac arrest because of cardiac causes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis for favorable neurologic outcome showed that accidental hypothermia (adjusted OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 2.98-8.80; P <.001) was associated with a significantly higher rate of favorable neurologic outcome than cardiac causes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis for survival showed that accidental hypothermia (adjusted OR, 5.19; 95% CI, 3.15-8.56; P <.001) had significantly higher rates of survival than cardiac causes. Acute aortic dissection/aneurysm (adjusted OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02-0.28; P <.001) and primary cerebral disorders (adjusted OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.50; P =.004) had significantly lower rates of survival than cardiac causes. In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, although most patients with OHCA underwent ECPR for cardiac causes, accidental hypothermia was associated with favorable neurologic outcome and survival; in contrast, acute aortic dissection/aneurysm and primary cerebral disorders were associated with nonsurvival compared with cardiac causes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In some cases of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who underwent extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), negative pupillary light reflex (PLR) and mydriasis upon hospital arrival serve as common early indicator of poor prognosis. However, in certain patients with poor prognoses inferred by pupil findings upon hospital arrival, pupillary findings improve before and after the establishment of ECPR. The association between these changes in pupillary findings and prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association of pupillary examinations before and after the establishment of ECPR in patients with OHCA showing poor pupillary findings upon hospital arrival with their outcomes. To this end, we analysed retrospective multicentre registry data involving 36 institutions in Japan, including all adult patients with OHCA who underwent ECPR between January 2013 and December 2018. We selected patients with poor prognosis inferred by pupillary examinations, negative pupillary light reflex (PLR) and pupil mydriasis, upon hospital arrival. The primary outcome was favourable neurological outcome, defined as Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2 at hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between favourable neurological outcome and pupillary examination after establishing ECPR. Results: Out of the 2,157 patients enrolled in the SAVE-J II study, 723 were analysed. Among the patients analysed, 74 (10.2%) demonstrated favourable neurological outcome at hospital discharge. Multivariable analysis revealed that a positive PLR at ICU admission (odds ration [OR] = 11.3, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 5.17–24.7) was significantly associated with favourable neurological outcome. However, normal pupil diameter at ICU admission (OR = 1.10, 95%CI = 0.52–2.32) was not significantly associated with favourable neurological outcome. Conclusion: Among the patients with OHCA who underwent ECPR and showed poor pupillary examination findings upon hospital arrival, 10.2% had favourable neurological outcome at hospital discharge. A positive PLR after the establishment of ECPR was significantly associated with favourable neurological outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognosis for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been reported to be worse in the cold season. On the other hand, it is unclear whether a similar trend exists in OHCA patients who are treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). This study was a retrospective multicenter registry study. We examined the association between ECPR and season. We compared the prognosis in four seasonal groups according to the day of occurrence. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for the assessment of clinical and neurological outcomes. A total of 2024 patients with OHCA who received ECRP were included. There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality (p = 0.649) and in the rate of favorable neurological outcome (p = 0.144). In the multivariable logistic regression, the seasonal factor was not significantly associated with worse in-hospital mortality (p = 0.855) and favorable neurological outcomes (p = 0.807). In this study, there was no seasonal variation in OHCA patients with ECPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bleeding is the most common complication in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients receiving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). No studies comprehensively described the incidence rate, timing of onset, risk factors, and treatment of bleeding complications in OHCA patients receiving ECPR in a multicenter setting with a large database. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of bleeding during the first day of admission and to comprehensively describe details of bleeding during hospitalization in patients with OHCA receiving ECPR in the SAVE-J II study database. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the SAVE-J II study, which is a multicenter retrospective registry study from 36 participating institutions in Japan in 2013–2018. Adult OHCA patients who received ECPR were included. The primary outcome was the risk factor of bleeding complications during the first day of admission. The secondary outcomes were the details of bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 1,632 patients were included. Among these, 361 patients (22.1%) had bleeding complications during hospital stay, which most commonly occurred in cannulation sites (14.3%), followed by bleeding in the retroperitoneum (2.8%), gastrointestinal tract (2.2%), upper airway (1.2%), and mediastinum (1.1%). These bleeding complications developed within two days of admission, and 21.9% of patients required interventional radiology (IVR) or/and surgical interventions for hemostasis. The survival rate at discharge of the bleeding group was 27.4%, and the rate of favorable neurological outcome at discharge was 14.1%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the platelet count (< 10 × 104/μL vs > 10 × 104/μL) was significantly associated with bleeding complications during the first day of admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.865 [1.252–2.777], p = 0.002). Conclusions: In a large ECPR registry database in Japan, up to 22.1% of patients experienced bleeding complications requiring blood transfusion, IVR, or surgical intervention for hemostasis. The initial platelet count was a significant risk factor of early bleeding complications. It is necessary to lower the occurrence of bleeding complications from ECPR, and this study provided an additional standard value for future studies to improve its safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), the association between low-flow time, the duration between the initiation of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the establishment of ECPR, and outcomes has not been clearly determined. This was a secondary analysis of the retrospective multicenter registry in Japan. This study registered patients ≥18 years old who were admitted to the emergency department for OHCA and underwent ECPR between January, 2013 and December, 2018. Low-flow time was defined as the time from initiation of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation to the establishment of ECPR, and patients were categorized into two groups according to the visualized association of the restricted cubic spline curve. The primary outcome was survival discharge. Cubic spline analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the nonlinear associations between low-flow time and outcomes. A total of 1,524 patients were included. The median age was 60 years, and the median low-flow time was 52 (42‐53) mins. The overall survival at hospital discharge and favorable neurological outcomes were 27.8% and 14.2%, respectively. The cubic spline analysis showed a decreased trend of survival discharge rates and favorable neurological outcomes with shorter low-flow time between 20 and 60 mins, with little change between the following 60 and 80 mins. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that patients with long low-flow time (>40 mins) compared to those with short low-flow time (0‐40 mins) had significantly worse survival (adjusted odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence intervals, 0.31-0.57) and neurological outcomes (0.65; 0.45-0.95, respectively). The survival discharge and neurological outcomes of patients with low-flow time shorter than 40 min are better than those of patients with longer low-flow time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]