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This paper investigates an optimal methodology for mitigating low-frequency oscillation concerns in power systems. The study explores the synergistic integration of a power system stabilizer (PSS) and a flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) to formulate an intelligent controller. A comprehensive analysis encompasses various PSS design strategies, including lead-lag (LL), proportional-derivative-integral (PID), and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) controllers. The FACTS device selected for this investigation is a static VAR compensator (SVC), highlighting the exceptional efficacy of FOPID-based PSS over alternative strategies with a power oscillation damper. The study extends its scope to encompass a comparative assessment of two distinct optimization algorithms: the moth flame optimization (MFO) and the antlion optimization (ALO). The research is conducted using a single-machine infinite bus power system (SMIB) as the case study platform. A total of four diverse test scenarios are executed under varying operating conditions. The evaluation of the developed method employs six distinct performance indices to investigate the developed controller thoroughly. The outcomes reveal that the MFO-optimized FOPID-PSS and SVC controller outperforms other control schemes. This optimized configuration demonstrates substantial improvements across all performance indices. These findings underscore the superior capabilities of the proposed approach in enhancing power system stability and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a ground fault location algorithm (GFLA) in double‐circuit transmission lines (DCTL) with a T‐off connection to an industrial microgrid (IMG) containing electric arc furnaces (EAF), renewable distributed generations (RDG), and static VAR compensator (SVC). The design presented utilizes the information on the current and voltage phasors of one side of the transmission lines (TL) during the fault period, and there is no need for the availability of information on the type of faulty phase(s) and even the faulty section. To find the exact location of the fault in this design, the voltage phasor equations governing the fault point in positive, negative, and zero‐sequence (PNZS) domains, the zero‐sequence current (ZSC) equation of the fault point, and the boundary condition equation of the fault point have been used. The simulation system is implemented in Simulink/MATLAB using accurate modelling of all network components. The algorithm has been tested and evaluated in different fault conditions, including various locations, phase types, phase‐to‐ground connection resistance, occurrence time, and microgrid (MG) operation modes. The successful results of various tests of the proposed design as well as the analysis of various sensitivities confirm the satisfying performance of the suggested algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTSs) have been widely incorporated in electric power systems in order to control system parameters. This paper proposes the modeling of four FACTS devices, using the Branch Flow Model (BF) as an optimization problem to reduce the complexity of the Newton–Raphson (NR) load flow code with FACTS devices. The devices are represented as variable impedances, as a function of a firing angle, and as voltage source converters (VSCs) located on the buses and transmission lines. This proposed model solves the problem associated with the selection of appropriate initial conditions of the parameters of each device that guarantee convergence. The model is validated by evaluating its percentage deviation with respect to the NR method, using the standard test systems, IEEE 5-bus, IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and IEEE 57-bus systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices is increasing day by day as they provide compensation for power systems. The installation of such devices solves many issues regarding the stability and power transferability of power systems. However, for optimizing the performance of FACTS devices, the location and sizes of FACTS devices must be selected very carefully. On the other side, the utilization of optimization techniques is increasing daily, as it is capable of solving nonlinear, random problems by its stochastic nature. As a result, it became a reliable tactic for solving stochastic problems almost in every aspect of our lives. Therefore, it is adopted for solving power system problems, like, FACTS devices allocation, distributed generators allocation, determining component's parameters, and more. In this paper, the optimal size and location of several FACTS devices are selected to achieve the following single objective functions separately: fuel cost minimization and power losses minimization, then combining the mentioned objective function into one multiobjective function for gross cost minimization. The power system optimized is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 30‐bus standard system, and the FACTS devices installed are static VAR compensator, thyristor control series compensator, and thyristor‐controlled phase shifter, while the optimization is performed using different conventional and recent optimization algorithms, including a newly developed algorithm, typically Leader Walrus Optimization Algorithm "LWaOA," making a comparison among such algorithms to investigate the algorithm that possesses the best performance. The results of the optimization processes show the superiority of LWaOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]