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[Display omitted] • A pH-responsive discoloration photonic crystal sensor was proposed for amniotic fluid recognition. • The sensor showed the high accuracy and sensitivity, rapid response and visual detection. • Compared with pH test paper, a noticeable color difference and extraordinary accuracy were obtained. In this study, we proposed a pH-responsive photonic crystal hydrogel sensor (PCHs) to conveniently and accurately recognize the amniotic fluid from urine of parturient women, which was constituted by three-dimensional polymethyl acrylamide (PMMA) array and optimized hydrogel. PMMA array was self-assembled by 180 nm monodispersed nanoparticles with vertical sedimentation method. The functional hydrogel containing N-acryloyl phenylalanine (APA), acrylamide (AM) and N, N'-methylene bis(acrylamide) (BIS) as co-monomer and crosslinking agent respectively, was photo-polymerized by the precursor under 365 nm UV light. This hydrogel significantly shrank or swelled corresponding to the acidity and alkalinity of the aqueous solution, which resulted in both the reflection peak position (λ max) of the prepared sensor and its structural color changing with the pH value. The λ max of PCHs redshifted from 514 nm to 606 nm in 60 s while the pH value of testing solution increased from 4.5 to 8.0, which exactly covered the pH value of amniotic fluid and urine. Correspondingly, its structure color gradually changed from pale-green to red ensuring their naked-eye determination. Furthermore, an extremely high sensitivity as 26.3 nm/pH of Δ λ max was obtained which was linearly related to pH value. The prepared sensor possessed steady accuracy and extraordinary sensitivity compared with the pH test strip which was generally used in amniorrhexis diagnosis nowadays besides the advantages of the low cost, simple operation, rapid response and visual detection mode. The reliability of this PCHs was further confirmed by the real sample detection which relative standard deviation was below 5.0 %, suggesting its potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]