12 results
Search Results
2. Current immunotherapy techniques in meningioma.
- Author
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White, Alexandra J., Harary, Maya, Casaos, Joshua, and Everson, Richard G.
- Subjects
IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,TUMOR classification ,CANCER vaccines ,IMMUNE response ,MENINGIOMA ,BRAIN tumors - Abstract
Introduction: Although meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor, there are limited treatment options for recurrent or aggressive lesions. Compared to other brain tumors, meningiomas may be uniquely amenable to immunotherapy by virtue of their location outside the blood–brain barrier. Areas covered: This review describes our current understanding of the immunology of the meninges, as well as immune cell infiltration and immune signaling in meningioma. Current literature on meningioma immunology and immunotherapy was comprehensively reviewed and summarized by a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (1/1/1990-6/1/2024). Further, we describe the current state of immunotherapeutic approaches, as well as potential future targets. Potential immunotherapeutic approaches include immune checkpoint inhibition, CAR-T approaches, tumor vaccine therapy, and immunogenic molecular markers. Expert opinion: Meningioma immunotherapy is in early stages, as no immunotherapies are currently included in treatment guidelines. There is substantial heterogeneity in immune cell infiltration, immunogenicity, and immune escape across tumors, even within tumor grade. Furthering our understanding of meningioma immunology and tumor classification will allow for careful selection of tumors and patient populations that may benefit from primary or adjunctive immunotherapy for meningioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Characterisation of Lagovirus europaeus GI–RHDVs (Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Viruses) in Terms of Their Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity.
- Author
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Tokarz-Deptuła, Beata, Kulus, Jakub, Baraniecki, Łukasz, Stosik, Michał, and Deptuła, Wiesław
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RABBIT diseases ,VIRUS diseases ,OLD World badger ,IMMUNE response ,BLUETONGUE virus ,RABBITS ,MOUNTAIN soils - Abstract
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease viruses (RHDV) belong to the family Caliciviridae, genus Lagovirus europaeus, genogroup GI, comprising four genotypes GI.1–GI.4, of which the genotypes GI.1 and GI.2 are pathogenic RHD viruses, while the genotypes GI.3 and GI.4 are non-pathogenic RCV (Rabbit calicivirus) viruses. Among the pathogenic genotypes GI.1 and GI.2 of RHD viruses, an antigenic variant of RHDV, named RHDVa—now GI.1a–RHDVa, was distinguished in 1996; and in 2010, a variant of RHDV—named RHDVb, later RHDV2 and now GI.2–RHDV2/b—was described; and recombinants of these viruses were registered. Pathogenic viruses of the genotype GI.1 were the cause of a disease described in 1984 in China in domestic (Oryctolagus (O.) cuniculus domesticus) and wild (O. cuniculus) rabbits, characterised by a very rapid course and a mortality rate of 90–100%, which spread in countries all over the world and which has been defined since 1989 as rabbit haemorrhagic disease. It is now accepted that GI.1–RHDV, including GI.1a–RHDVa, cause the predetermined primary haemorrhagic disease in domestic and wild rabbits, while GI.2–RHDV2/b cause it not only in rabbits, including domestic rabbits' young up to 4 weeks and rabbits immunised with rabbit haemorrhagic disease vaccine, but also in five various species of wild rabbits and seven different species of hares, as well as wild ruminants: mountain muskoxen and European badger. Among these viruses, haemagglutination-positive, doubtful and harmful viruses have been recorded and described and have been shown to form phylogenogroups, immunotypes, haematotypes and pathotypes, which, together with traits that alter and expand their infectious spectrum (rabbit, hare, wild ruminant, badger and various rabbit and hare species), are the determinants of their pathogenicity (infectivity) and immunogenicity and thus shape their virulence. These relationships are the aim of our consideration in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Protective immune response of recombinant Fiber-2 protein as subunit vaccine against Fowl-adenovirus-4 infection in Pakistan.
- Author
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Ather, Faiza, Zia, Muhammad Ashir, Shah, Muhammad Salahuddin, and Habib, Mudasser
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PERICARDIUM diseases ,IMMUNE response ,RECOMBINANT proteins ,IMMUNOLOGY ,VACCINATION - Abstract
Background: Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS) has emerged as a major viral disease of poultry industry causing huge economic losses in the recent past years. Its etiological agent, Fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) has been reported in the various countries including Pakistan. Various strategies including inactivated vaccines, are being devised to control the disease since its appearance. Subunit vaccines based on viral structural proteins have demonstrated more promising protection against FAdV-4 infection than commercial inactivated vaccines. Among different viral structural proteins, Fiber protein (mainly Fiber-2) has been as a suitable candidate for developing the recombinant subunit vaccine against HPS. Methods: Considering the importance of the Fiber-2 gene, the pET28a expression vector was utilized to clone its open reading frame, which was subsequently expressed as an oligo-histidine tagged fusion protein in BL21 cells of Escherichia coli via the IPTG induction method. The expressed recombinant fiber-2 protein was purified using nickel (Ni2+) affinity chromatography and used as a subunit vaccine in broiler birds following challenge with pathogenic FAdV-4 isolate. The immunological response was evaluated using ELISA. Results: The gene for the Fiber-2 protein was effectively cloned and expressed as a soluble 60 kDa protein, as detected by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. The protective efficacy of subunit vaccine was assessed by ELISA which showed the highest protection (80%) against the virus challenge than that of commercial inactivated vaccine (70%). Conclusion: The recombinant fiber-2 protein was determined to be a good option for a recombinant subunit vaccination to control HPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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5. New mRNA cancer vaccine triggers fierce immune response to fight malignant brain tumor.
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CANCER vaccines ,IMMUNE response ,MESSENGER RNA ,BRAIN tumors ,GLIOMAS - Abstract
A new mRNA cancer vaccine developed at the University of Florida has shown promising results in a first-ever human clinical trial. The vaccine quickly reprogrammed the immune system to attack glioblastoma, a highly aggressive and lethal brain tumor. The vaccine uses a patient's own tumor cells to create a personalized vaccine and employs a complex delivery mechanism using lipid nanoparticles. The results from the trial were similar to those seen in preclinical mouse models and in a clinical trial involving pet dogs with brain tumors. The next step is to conduct a Phase 1 pediatric clinical trial for brain cancer. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
6. Does the effectiveness of biological medications in the treatment for psoriasis depend on the moment of starting therapy? A preliminary study.
- Author
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Niedźwiedź, Michał, Noweta, Marcin, Narbutt, Joanna, Owczarek, Witold, Ciążyńska, Magdalena, Czerwińska, Agnieszka, Krzyścin, Janusz, Lesiak, Aleksandra, and Skibińska, Małgorzata
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PSORIASIS treatment ,BIOLOGICALS ,IMMUNE response ,SKIN disease treatment ,IMMUNOLOGY - Abstract
Introduction: It is well known that biological medications acting on selected elements of the immune response are highly effective in psoriasis treatment. It is a common perception that psoriasis is a seasonal disorder with improvement in warmer months, however it has not been unequivocally confirmed. It is not known whether the time of year of starting systematic therapy for psoriasis influences treatment outcomes. Material and methods: Changes in psoriasis severity scores during treatment with biologics were investigated. The scores were recorded for 62 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis at the beginning, after 1, 4 and 7 months of the therapy. Patients were divided into two groups: those beginning the treatment in the cold period of the year (November-March) and in the warm period (May-September). The seasonal groups were also divided into subgroups according to the type of biologics used: interleukin inhibitors and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors. Results of the treatment were analysed using standard statistical tests of differences between samples. Results: After 1 and 4 months of the therapy, better efficacy of interleukin inhibitors was found in patients starting treatment in summer. The course of psoriasis improvement in patients taking TNF-α inhibitors resulted in consistent improvement regardless of the season. The outcome of the treatment after 7 months was similar for both seasonal groups and types of biologics used. Conclusions: Our understanding of the effectiveness of the treatments depending on the time of the year combined with the type of biologics used, may further improve results of the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUT-MICROBIOTA AND SPORT ACTIVITY.
- Author
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Mokarrami, Alì, Capacci, Annunziata, Trio, Beatrice, Canosci, David Della Morte, and Merra, Giuseppe
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GUT microbiome ,PHYSICAL activity ,SPORTS ,IMMUNOLOGY ,METABOLISM - Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this umbrella review is to bring together the most recent reviews concerning the relationship between gut-microbiota and sport activity. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted through PubMed and focused on reviews and systematic reviews published between 2015 and June 2021 that dealt with the topic of microbiota and physical activity. Only articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Key words related to the term microbiota alone or in conjunction with other terms such as "supplements", "diet", "probiotics", "prebiotics", "health", "physical activity", and "pathogens" were analyzed. The selection process was done first by analyzing the titles, then the abstracts, and finally the full text. Results: After screening the title and abstract, 29 articles were excluded. Therefore, 20 studies were included in the present umbrella review. The figure shows the steps of the selection process (Figure 1). The specifications of the presented articles are listed in Table 2. Conclusions: Exercise appears to be an environmental factor that can determine changes in the gut microbial composition with possible benefits for the host. Increased microbiota diversity improves metabolic profile and immunological responses and may provide a possible biomarker for health improvement. Exercise altered microbiota could be used to look for new approaches in the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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8. Researcher at Central South University Targets HIV/AIDS (Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a cytokine-enhanced HIV infection model with antibody immune response delay).
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HIV infections ,AIDS ,ANTIBODY formation ,IMMUNE response ,HOPF bifurcations - Abstract
A new report discusses research on HIV/AIDS conducted at Central South University in Hunan, People's Republic of China. The study investigates the dynamics of a cytokine-enhanced HIV infection model with delays in intracellular, virus replication, and immune response. The research establishes the virus reproductive number and the antibody immune reproductive number as important parameters and determines that delays have no effect on the stability of certain equilibria. However, numerical analysis suggests that time delays play a positive role in virus infection and can lead to Hopf bifurcation. For more information, readers can refer to the article "Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a cytokine-enhanced HIV infection model with antibody immune response delay" in the International Journal of Biomathematics. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
9. Research from Shanxi Normal University Broadens Understanding of HIV/AIDS (Dynamic analysis and optimal control of a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response).
- Subjects
HTLV ,ANTIBODY formation ,AIDS ,IMMUNE response ,HIV - Abstract
Researchers from Shanxi Normal University in Taiyuan, China have developed a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response. The study explores two cases: constant control and optimal control. The researchers found that the concentration of CD4+ T cells is not an effective indicator for understanding the development process of the disease, but rather the number of HIV virus particles should be used as an important reference. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamics and control of HIV/HTLV co-infection. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
10. Common immune response protective across many diseases.
- Subjects
IMMUNE response ,KILLER cells ,CYTOTOXIC T cells ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) has revealed a common immune response that is protective across multiple diseases. The study focused on the immune cell receptors NKG2A and NKG2C, which play a role in regulating the function of T cells and natural killer cells. The researchers found that an NKG2A-dominant immune response was associated with decreased disease severity, lower mortality rates, and a reduced prevalence of chronic conditions. These findings have implications for the development of targeted and effective treatments for various diseases. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
11. "Method And Kit For Detection Of Cell Mediated Immune Response" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20230398206).
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PATENT applications ,IMMUNE response ,INTRADERMAL injections ,MONONUCLEAR leukocytes - Abstract
A patent application has been filed for a method and kit to detect cell-mediated immune responses. The method involves administering an immunogenic composition containing the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or a fragment thereof to a human subject. The magnitude of induration and erythema in the skin at the injection site is measured to assess the immune response. The kit includes the immunogenic composition and means for intradermal injection. The invention aims to elicit an immune response in individuals without active SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be used for diagnostic purposes. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
12. Antimicrobial Resistance: Factors to Findings : Omics and Systems Biology Approaches
- Author
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Vijay Soni, Ajay Suresh Akhade, Vijay Soni, and Ajay Suresh Akhade
- Subjects
- Immunology, Immune response, Pathogenic microorganisms, Bioinformatics, Diseases—Causes and theories of causation, Genomics
- Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing globally at an incredible rate, and many infectious diseases have already reached an alarming stage of resistance to existing treatments. WHO reports that nearly1.27 million people currently die each year due to resistant infections, and AMR is projected to account for 10 million annual deaths globally by 2050. There is an urgent need for novel approaches to address this issue. Omics technologies are powerful research tools used extensively to study pathogen biology and the activity of microbial agents. These tools, paired with systems biology approaches, can provide novel insights into antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance, and aid in the development of new, more effective measures to combat resistant pathogens. This book provides a comprehensive overview of omics technologies to study pathogen biology, including proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis, and the role of systems biology in developing strategies to combat resistant pathogens. It addresses environmental reservoirs and mobile genetic agents in AMR, host-pathogen interactions and physiology in the development of resistance, drug repurposing and development, and cutting-edge tools such as machine learning, AI for big data analysis, and genomic surveillance. The final section discusses future perspectives on omics-systems biology in AMR, and identifies opportunities for scientific collaboration in the global fight against antimicrobial resistance. This book serves as a comprehensive and accessible resource for researchers in academia and industry focused on immunology, drug development, biotechnology, and systems biology.
- Published
- 2024
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