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• A photo-enzyme nanosystem for CO 2 reduction was constructed. • In-CdS was prepared to improve its photocatalytic performance. • NADH regeneration yield of 10 %In-CdS@ZIF-8 is 94.10 %. • FDH was immobilized to produce 267.18 μM HCOOH. • 85.98% of the residual activity was retained after reusing 8 times. Replacement of fossil fuel by renewable resources is a central resource and energy efficiency strategy, where CO 2 is the key molecule to proceed effectively in this direction. Here, we synthesized In-doped CdS and constructed a new photo-enzyme nanosystem 10 %In-CdS@ZIF-8&FDH, which can catalyze CO 2 to formic acid (HCOOH) via formate dehydrogenase immobilized on ZIF-8 while photocatalytic regenerating NADH via indium-doped CdS. Indium doping greatly enhances the photocatalytic performance of CdS. The NADH regeneration rate reaches 94.10 %. The nanosystem can produce 267.18 μM HCOOH, which is 4.27 times that of the free enzyme system. And 85.98 % of the residual activity can be retained after reusing 8 times. This study will inspire more research efforts for light-driven enzymatic nanosystems in CO 2 fixation and lay the foundation for realizing renewable energy-driven CO 2 conversion to produce chemical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]