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Background: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a chronic inflammatory breast disease, and abscess formation is a common complication of GLM. The process of abscess formation is accompanied by changes in multiple inflammatory markers. The present study aimed to construct a diagnosis model for the early of GLM abscess formation based on multiple inflammatory parameters. Methods: Based on the presence or absence of abscess formation on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 126 patients with GLM were categorised into an abscess group (85 patients) and a non-abscess group (41 patients). Demographic characteristics and the related laboratory results for the 9 inflammatory markers were collected. Logistics univariate analysis and collinearity test were used for selecting independent variables. A regression model to predict abscess formation was constructed using Logistics multivariate analysis. Results: The univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the N, ESR, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-α were independent diagnostic factors of abscess formation in GLM (P< 0. 05). The nomogram was drawn on the basis of the logistics regression model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.890, which was significantly better than that of a single indicator and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were high (81.2% and 85.40%, respectively). These results predicted by the model were highly consistent with the actual diagnostic results. The results of this calibration curve indicated that the model had a good value and stability in predicting abscess formation in GLM. The decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated a satisfactory positive net benefit of the model. Conclusion: A predictive model for abscess formation in GLM based on inflammatory markers was constructed in our study, which may provide a new strategy for early diagnosis and treatment of the abscess stage of GLM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial intestinal inflammation is a common disease of aquatic animal in high-density aquaculture. This study aims to construct a model of intestinal inflammation in northern snakehead, and analyze the intestinal transcriptome after Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infection by high-throughput sequencing technologies (RNA-seq), in order to obtain candidate genes and regulatory pathways that may participate in inflammatory response. Northern snakehead [(13.05 ± 2.39) g] were infected through anal for 24 h with different concentrations of A. hydrophila (1.0 × 10−4, 1.0 × 10−5, 1.0 × 10−6, 1.0 × 10−7 and 1.0 × 10−8 CFU/mL). Intestinal histology observation showed that infection with A. hydrophila caused obvious inflammatory responses in intestine, especially in hindgut. The results also indicated that intestinal permeability related parameters (D-LA and Na+-K+-ATP), immune-related parameters (C3, LZM, AKP, MPO, IL-1β and TNF-α) and immune-related gene expression (il-1β and tnf-α) were significantly changed compared to the CK group. In this process, high concentration of A. hydrophila infection caused the death of snakehead. On the basis of the above evaluation, we successfully constructed a model of intestinal inflammation induced by A. hydrophila in northern snakehead, and the optimal dosage of A. hydrophila was 1.0 × 10−6 CFU/mL. Subsequently, the constructed model was analyzed on the Illumina Genome Analyser II platform for intestinal transcriptome. Results showed that a total of 370,492,420 clean reads, 145,236 transcripts and 89,431 unigenes were obtained. Moreover, a total of 7566 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, including 4486 upregulated genes and 3080 downregulated genes. Notably, the key pathways [Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs)] and genes [ tlr1 , tlr2 , tlr5 , nf-κb , tnf-α , il-1β , il-10 , nod1 ] related to inflammation were discovered. These results revealed the response of northern snakehead to A. hydrophila at the transcriptional level, which provide insights for the regulatory mechanisms of intestinal inflammation in northern snakehead. • A model of intestinal inflammation in northern snakehead was constructed by Aeromonas hydrophila. • The optimal dosage of Aeromonas hydrophila for inducing intestinal inflammation in northern snakehead was 1.0 × 10−6 CFU/mL. • The key pathways and genes related to inflammation were discovered by high-throughput sequencing technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]