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• Experiments on the member buckling and ultimate strengths of cold-rolled aluminium alloy channel columns are performed. • The aluminium alloy 5052-H36 materials are used to fabricate the cold-rolled aluminium structural channel columns. • Non-linear FE models are developed using ABAQUS to simulate laboratory experiments and calibrated against the test results. • A parametric study based on FE models is performed to extend the data by varying cross-section dimensions and member lengths. • Experimental and numerical results are ued to calibrate the new design equations for cold-rolled aluminium alloy columns. The paper first presents the development of detailed finite element (FE) models for investigating the member capacity of cold-rolled aluminium alloy 5052-36 channel columns. The numerical non-linear FE models are developed using the commercial FE software package ABAQUS to simulate laboratory experiments and calibrated against the test results. The experimental program was performed by the authors at the University of Sydney and the detailed test results are fully described in a companion paper. The calibrated numerical FE models with actual mechanical properties and measured geometric imperfections in analyses accurately predict the experimental results and behaviours, including flexural and flexural-torsional buckling as well as local-global interaction buckling failure modes. A parametric study is subsequently performed to extend the data range by varying cross-section dimensions and member lengths. The effects of loading eccentricity positions and initial geometric imperfections are also considered in the parametric study. The experimental and numerical results are compared with design strength predictions from current Australian/New Zealand, American and European specifications for aluminium structures in the companion paper. In this paper, the Direct Strength Method (DSM) for the design of compression members as per the Australian/New Zealand standard AS/NZS 4600 for cold-formed steel structures is adopted for comparison. The DSM design rules for cold-formed steel compression members are found to provide more accurate predictions than those of current specifications for aluminium structures and therefore used to propose improved design equations for cold-rolled aluminium alloy columns. Finally, a reliability analysis is performed to evaluate the safety level of current design specifications and the proposed design rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]