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326,585 results

328. The paper technology of confinement: evolving criteria in admission forms (1850–73)

Author

Filippo Maria Sposini

Subjects
Hospitals, Psychiatric, Canada, Jurisdiction, Mental Disorders, media_common.quotation_subject, Theory of Forms, Perspective (graphical), Identity (social science), History, 19th Century, Historiography, Documentation, 06 humanities and the arts, Hospitalization, 060104 history, Psychiatry and Mental health, 060105 history of science, technology & medicine, Insanity, Law, Institution, Humans, Lunatic, 0601 history and archaeology, Sociology, media_common
Abstract

This paper investigates the role of admission forms in the regulation of asylum confinement in the second half of the nineteenth century. Taking the Toronto Lunatic Asylum as a case study it traces the evolution of the forms’ content and structure during the first decades of this institution. Admission forms provide important material for understanding the medico-legal assessment of lunacy in a certain jurisdiction. First, they show how the description of insanity depended on a plurality of actors. Second, doctors were not necessarily required to indicate symptoms of derangement. Third, patients’ relatives played a fundamental role in providing clinical information. From an historiographical perspective, this paper invites scholars to consider the function of standardized documents in shaping the written identity of patients.

Published
2021

340. Archaeology in the Digital Era : Papers from the 40th Annual Conference of Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Southampton, 26-29 March 2012

Author

Earl, Graeme, Sly, Tim, Chrysanthi, Angeliki, Murrieta-Flores, Patricia, Papadopoulos, Constantinos, Romanowska, Iza, Wheatley, David, Earl, Graeme, Sly, Tim, Chrysanthi, Angeliki, Murrieta-Flores, Patricia, Papadopoulos, Constantinos, Romanowska, Iza, and Wheatley, David

Published
2014
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341. Zealotry promotes coexistence in the rock-paper-scissors model of cyclic dominance.

Author

Verma, Gunjan, Chan, Kevin, and Swami, Ananthram

Subjects
*FANATICISM, *ROCK-paper-scissors (Game), *BIOLOGY, *ECOLOGY, *SOCIOLOGY
Abstract

Cyclic dominance models, such as the classic rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game, have found real-world applications in biology, ecology, and sociology. A key quantity of interest in such models is the coexistence time, i.e., the time until at least one population type goes extinct. Much recent research has considered conditions that lengthen coexistence times in an RPS model. A general finding is that coexistence is promoted by localized spatial interactions (low mobility), while extinction is fostered by global interactions (high mobility). That is, there exists a mobility threshold which separates a regime of long coexistence from a regime of rapid collapse of coexistence. The key finding of our paper is that if zealots (i.e., nodes able to defeat others while themselves being immune to defeat) of even a single type exist, then system coexistence time can be significantly prolonged, even in the presence of global interactions. This work thus highlights a crucial determinant of system survival time in cyclic dominance models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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350. Endangered Literacies? Affordances of Paper-Based Literacy in Medical Practice and Its Persistence in the Transition to Digital Technology

Author

Marilena Fatigante, Francesca Alby, Cristina Zucchermaglio, and Laura Sterponi

Subjects
doctor-patient interaction, paper-based literacy, digital literacy, medical rhetoric, multimodal analysis, Literature and Literary Theory, business.industry, Communication, Best practice, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Information technology, Literacy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Reading (process), Pedagogy, Semiotics, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sociology, Affordance, business, 0503 education, media_common, Digital literacy, Qualitative research
Abstract

Under the rapid advances of digital technology, traditional paper-based forms of reading and writing are steadily giving way to digital-based literacies, in theory as well as in application. Drawing on a study of literacy in a medical workplace context, this article examines critically the shift toward computer-mediated textual practices. While a considerable body of research has investigated benefits and issues associated with digital literacy tools in medicine, we consider the affordances of paper-based practices. Our analysis of verbal interaction and textual artifacts drawn from a qualitative study of oncology visits indicates that the uses of pen and paper are advantageous for both doctor and patient. Specifically, they allow doctors to process and package information in ways that are favorable to their personal modus operandi, and they enable patients to participate in the medical visit and take an active role in managing their medical treatment. Understanding the affordances of paper-based literacy provides insights for refining digital tools as well as for motivating the design of possible hybrid forms and digital-analog intersections that can best support medical practices.

Published
2017