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We propose an electrode-free zinc manganese battery, where both zinc and MnO2 are electro-deposited from the electrolyte via a charging process onto carbon current collectors. The electrode-free batteries show an improved cycling performance of thin-film batteries than the ones with a zinc anode and a facilitated fabrication process for fiber batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The capacities achieved 0.08 mAh/cm2 for thin-film electrolytic MnO 2 -Zn batteries. • Over 200 cycles were demonstrated for batteries with electrolyte of 25 µL/cm2. • The shuttle reactions caused by iodide mediators were revealed experimentally. Whilst electrolytic MnO 2 with a high capacity draws great attention recently, the shuttle reactions between the mediator additives in the electrolytes with zinc and MnO 2 are often overlooked. In this work, neutral acetate electrolytes with iodide mediator are tested for electrolytic MnO 2 -Zn system on thin-film batteries. With a limited amount of electrolyte, the shuttle reactions caused by iodide mediator becomes more obvious, which results in low Coulombic efficiencies and shortens shelf-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]