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Polyaniline (PANI) stands out as a highly promising conducting polymer with potential for advanced utilization in high-performance pseudocapacitors. Therefore, there exists a pressing need to bolster the structural durability of PANI, achievable by developing composite materials that can enhance its viability for supercapacitor applications. In this particular study, a pioneering approach was undertaken to produce a novel NiMn2O4/PANI supercapacitor electrode material. A comprehensive array of analytical techniques was employed to ascertain the structural configuration, morphology, oxidation states of elements, composition, and surface characteristics of the electrode material. The electrochemical evaluation of the NiMn2O4/PANI composite shows a specific capacitance (Cs) of 1530 ± 2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Significantly, the composite material displays an outstanding 93.61% retention of its capacity after an extensive 10 000 cycles, signifying remarkable cycling stability, while the 2-electrode configuration reveals a Cs value of 764 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 and 826 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct) value of 0.67 Ω. Chronoamperometric tests showed excellent stability of the fabricated material up to 50 h. This significant advancement bears immense promise for its potential implementation in high-efficiency energy storage systems and heralds a new phase in the development of supercapacitor technology with improved stability and performance metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The novel Nd 2 S 3 based rGO electrode materials were developed via hydrothermal route. • The Nd 2 S 3 based rGO electrode was used for supercapacitor application. • The Nd 2 S 3 /rGO nanohybrid contain the specific capacitance (C s) of 782.46 F g−1 @ 1 A/g. • The Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO nanocomposite display excellent supercapacitive performances. The two-dimensional metal sulphide acts as potent electrodes for supercapacitors; instead, they require further cycle stability and performance rate improvements before they can be used in real-world applications. Improved supercapacitor efficacy can be achieved by developing binder-free and hierarchical carbon nanohybrid electrode materials. Herein, we report the fabrication of a binder-free Nd 2 S 3 -based rGO nanohybrid electrode via the hydrothermal route for energy-saving equipment. Several analytical tools were used to determine the physiochemical features of the all-synthesized electrode materials. Several electrochemical tests, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), were utilized to determine the pseudocapacitive nature of fabricated materials. The C s from GCD of Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO nanohybrid (782.46 F g−1) was greater than Nd 2 S 3 (332.69 F g−1) and reduced GO (470.18 F g−1). Furthermore, the Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO electrode shows excellent cyclic stability with a rate capability of 90 % over 5000th cycles. It facilitates the perfect connection for fast electrolyte ion diffusion between the electrolyte and electrode surface. Incorporating rGO into rare earth metal sulphide significantly enhances the capacitive characteristics of the electrode due to providing a larger surface area and enriching active zones. These findings suggest that supercapacitors may be constructed using binder-free Nd 2 S 3 /reduced GO electrodes, resulting in better electrochemical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuel usage leads to carbon dioxide emissions and energy resource reduction, necessitating eco-friendly, innovative and successful technology for energy storage application. Supercapacitors (SC s) are incredibly efficient storage systems, preventing nonrenewable power source reduction and environmental degradation. The current study reports the fabrication and analysis of g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite for SC s electrode. Several analytical methods were used to assess the composite's performance. Electrochemical investigation revealed that the specific capacitance (C s) of g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite at current density (j) of 1 A/g was 1349.5 F/g, having energy density (E d) of 57.1 Wh/kg at a power density of 276 W kg−1 along with mechanical stability of 40 h and 96.2% capacitance retention over 5000th cycles of charge and discharge (GCD) at 1 A/g. The g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite material exhibited a decreased solution (R s) and charge transfer resistance (R ct) in the EIS results when matched with individual materials. The improved electrochemical results were attributed to the enhanced surface area, greater electrochemical active sites and lower resistance. The study showcases the potential of hydrothermally generated g-C 3 N 4 /NiIn 2 S 4 composite particularly in SC s and other energy storage-related materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation for the production of specific nanostructured electrode materials emerges from the escalating energy demands of the forthcoming generation. In this study, we demonstrated the fabrication process and evaluated the performance of supercapacitors utilizing manganese aluminate (MnAl 2 O 4) nanoparticles adorned on graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). The composite material produced via hydrothermal methods exhibited a notable increase in specific capacitance (C s) and demonstrated excellent long-term stability throughout cycling. The improved electrochemical functionality was caused by several aspects, such as the occurrence of various oxidation states of manganese ions, a substantial specific surface area (SSA), a structure rich in nitrogen and a porous nature that enables rapid ion transportation. The electrode composed of a composite material exhibited excellent stability over 5000th cycles in 2.0 M KOH at 1 A g−1. Additionally, the specific capacitance (C s) of the MnAl 2 O 4 /g-CN nanohybrid was determined to be 586 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. MnAl 2 O 4 /g-CN nanohybrid revealed a C s of 1161 F g−1, an energy density (E d) of 74 Wh kg−1 and a power density (P d) value of 340 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1. The electrochemical characteristics of g-CN were influenced by the presence of electrochemically activated sites in its nanosheet structures. The findings suggested that utilizing MnAl 2 O 4 /g-CN composite as electrode materials for storing energy could be an appealing and cost-effective option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CuAl 2 O 4 /rGO nanohybrid was prepared by facile hydrothermal approach. • Several analytical tools were employed to identify material characteristics. • CuAl 2 O 4 /rGO nanohybrid display high specific capacitance and energy density of 1206 F/g and 34.83 Wh kg−1, respectively. • The fascinated electrochemical results were attributed to greater electronic conductivity, faster charge transfer and enriched active sites. Transition metal-based spinel oxides are fascinating supercapacitor electrodes materials due to their good specific capacitance (C s) and cost-effectiveness. But the spinel materials show poor cycling stability due to their limited surface area. This issue was reduced by using carbon-based electrode materials such as rGO, which enhances the electroactive surface area that leads to improve the number of reactive sites. In this research, a simple hydrothermal approach was utilised to synthesise the CuAl 2 O 4 /rGO (CAO/rGO) nanocomposite. It successively characterised with different analytical techniques to study the physiochemical property of the synthesized materials. Additionally, the potential of the materials as the electrode was determined with a three-electrode configuration by utilising different electrochemical tools that were performed to assess the characteristics of the electrode material. The synthesised nanocomposite exhibits a magnificent specific capacitance (C s) of 1206.14 F/g at 1 A/g, while demonstrating specific energy (E d) of 34.83 Wh kg−1 and specific power (P d) of 228 W kg−1 which is higher than individuals and also shows high retention capacitance value of 93.36% after 8000th charge/discharge (GCD) cycles. The symmetric behaviour of the fabricated electrode is also determined with two electrode systems exhibiting the specific energy and specific capacitance of 16.54 Wh kg−1 and 601.91 F/g, correspondingly. This study demonstrates that incorporating rGO into CuAl 2 O 4 nanoarray improves energy storage performance and it has the potential to work in other energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative development of electrode materials and their application through compositing offers promising opportunities for advancing the efficiency of future energy storage devices (ESDs), particularly in high-efficiency supercapacitors (SCs). In this study, we examine the synthesis of electrode combinations consisting of NbSe 2 (niobium diselenide) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for applications in supercapacitors. The successful integration of rGO and NbSe 2 was confirmed by Raman analysis, which identifies characteristic peaks associated with both materials. The thermal stability of the electrode material was explained using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical investigations reveal that the NbSe 2 /rGO composite illustrates improved electrochemical performance. The excellent specific capacitance (C sp) of 1512.15 F g−1, power density (P d = 275.5 W kg−1) and energy density (E d = 63.76 Wh Kg−1) at 1 A g−1 observed in galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) analysis. Furthermore, the long duration of cycling exhibits a notable level of stability (6000th) as observed by using the chronoamperometry technique. The NbSe 2 /rGO composite exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance and notable structural characteristics, making it a desirable candidate for application in supercapacitors (SCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of energy storage technology is vital in addressing the worldwide energy challenges which has garnered attention of researchers due to limited availability of non-renewable resources. Energy storage equipment's such as supercapacitor, batteries and capacitors have limitations because of poor electrochemical performance and reduced cycle stability exhibited by electrode materials. In order to assess suitability of electrode material for supercapacitor applications, it was crucial to achieve notably high electrochemical performance and stability. Due to larger values of power, energy density and excellent life cycle pseudocapacitor have gained the attention of researchers. The work employed hydrothermal method to produce MnSe, WSe 2 and MnSe/WSe 2 composite materials. Various methodologies were employed to ascertain the distinctive features of structural, electrochemical, and morphological attributes. The utilization of a 3-electrode setup yielded findings indicating that the MnSe/WSe 2 composite possesses the highest specific capacitance value of 1326 F g−1, a specific energy value of 37 Wh kg−1 and a power density value of 225 W kg−1. The analysis of electrochemical stability of MS@WS composites showed that structural stability over 5000th cycles for 40 h. The Nyquist plot gives numerical value of charge transfer resistance of MS@WS nanohybrids (1.5 Ω) which was smaller than MS (1.7 Ω) and.WS (1.9 Ω). These values suggested that prepared electrode material may have potential to use in supercapacitor applications and other electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy crises have emerged in the contemporary period due to the rapid expansion of industry. The expansion of high-capacity storage systems that can operate independently and use renewable energy is essential. The pseudocapacitors are known for their excellent anode properties, which contribute to high specific capacitance (C s). Transition metal selenide (TMS) has arisen as a highly promising choice for anode materials in supercapacitor (SC s) devices, owing to its noteworthy conductivity and storage capacity. In the current investigation, the simple hydrothermal approach was utilized to achieve the successful synthesis of the binary ZnSe@MnSe (ZS@MS) composite for electrode material. However, crystallinity of ZS@MS composite indicates its potential for utilization as an electrode in supercapacitor (SC s) applications. Moreover, ZS@MS electrode revealed remarkable specific capacitance (C s) of 1439.98 F g−1 in electrochemical performance. In addition, ZS@MS electrode exhibits a high energy density (E d) of 56.17 Wh kg−1 and power density (P d) 265 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, ZS@MS electrode demonstrates stable behavior and exceptional cyclic stability over 5000th cycles. Fabricated ZS@MS electrode material possesses more electrochemical properties than pure materials, making it highly promising for supercapacitors (SC s) and other energy storage-related applications. • Hydrothermal technique was used to synthesized ZnSe, MnSe and ZnSe/MnSe composite which shows specific capacitance (C s) of 536 F g−1, 733 F g−1 and 1439.89 F g−1, respectively at 1 A g−1. • MnSe/ZnSe exhibit energy density (56.17 Wh kg−1) and power density (265 W kg−1) at 1 A g−1. • MnSe/ZnSe composite exhibit high stability after 5000th cycles indicate the stable behavior of nanocomposite materials. • ZnSe/MnSe exhibit low Rct value of 0.35 Ω as compared to ZnSe of 0.51 Ω and MnSe of 0.46 Ω. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation for developing nanostructured electrode materials arises from the increasing demands of energy requirements of the upcoming generation due to excessive use of fossil fuels. The latest eco-friendly energy storage devices like supercapacitors that offers significant economic and environmental advantages, which possesses prolonged lifespan and a remarkable power density. In this study, structural evolution and electrochemical performance of BiFeO 3 @g-CN electrode material is characterized. The electrochemical properties of BiFeO 3 @g-CN are determined by using different analytical tests. The specific capacitance of pure BiFeO 3 and BiFeO 3 @g-CN composite shows 557 and 1164 F/g, respectively calculating from galvanostatic charge-discharge plots. A number of factors, including the presence of several transition metal oxide, specific surface area (SSA), a nitrogen-rich structure of g-CN that allows quick ion transport which contributes to enhanced electrochemical efficiency. The material's structural stability was confirmed by its electrochemical stability after the 5000th cycle after 50 h. The BiFeO 3 @g-CN showed a lower charge transfer resistance (0.3 Ω) evaluated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. The improvement in electrochemical properties of BiFeO 3 @g-CN electrode material indicates its potential suitability for integration into supercapacitors. The material's exceptional stability demonstrates its potential as a viable candidate for next-generation energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • BiFeO 3 @ g-CN may be used for energy storage devices. • BiFeO 3 and BiFeO 3 @g-CN nanohybrids showed specific capacitance of 557 and 1164 F/g, respectively • The charge transfer resistance is a value of 0.3 Ω. • The material's structural stability was confirmed after the 5000th cycle after 50 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of addressing the escalating and crucial energy demands of humanity has served as an inspiration for the discovery and creation of advanced nanomaterials used to facilitate convenient and sustainable energy-storing materials and systems. A cost-effective and environmentally safe nanocomposite was synthesized through the incorporation of molybdenum oxide (MoO 3) and 2-D graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) nanosheets by hydrothermal route. The C s of the g-CN, MoO 3 and MoO 3 /g-CN at 10 mV s−1 were measured to be 212.146, 350.49 and 693.56 F g−1 respectively, in a 2 M KOH by CV. The C s for g-CN, MoO 3 and MoO 3 /g-CN nanocomposite at 1 A g−1 were displayed as 852, 688 and 283 F g−1 by GCD. The E d of the nanocomposite was significantly elevated to 35.4 Wh kg−1 when subjected to P d of 273 W kg−1. MoO 3 /g-CN nanocomposites have advantageous characteristics for energy-storing devices due to their notable increased surface area, enhanced electric conduction, and synergistic effect of MoO 3 and g-CN. The utilization of MoO 3 /g-CN nanocomposite presents a viable and pragmatic approach to address the prevailing energy problem by serving as an effective energy storage option. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on variable nanostructured supercapacitors within the research community, which heightened interest that attributed to the growing demand for renewable energy resources. To resolve these issues through the advancement of electrode materials, metal chalcogenides-based rGO nanocomposite have demonstrated significant potential across various sectors, including energy storage and conversion. The presents investigation involves the synthesis of an Ag 2 Se/rGO nanosheet composite as an electrode material using a facile hydrothermal route for structural, morphological and electrochemical characterizations. However, the electrochemical findings revealed that specific capacitance (C sp) of Ag 2 Se/rGO composite was determined to 1443 F/g at 1 A/g. Additionally, energy density (E d) was 77.09 Wh/kg at power density (P d) was recorded to 310 W/kg at a 1 A/g. Moreover, obtained result suggests that there was high efficiency of ion diffusion observed when there was a low charge transfer resistance (R ct = 0.54 Ω) between Ag 2 Se and rGO. In addition, it has been observed that the columbic efficiency (η = 96 %) of the Ag 2 Se/rGO composites electrode remains high even after undergoing 5000th charging-discharging cycles. This remarkable stability demonstrates the excellent life cycle stability and low charge transfer resistance of prepared materials. The results of this study indicate that the Ag 2 Se/rGO composite electrode exhibits significant potential as an anode material which can be effectively utilized in various energy storage applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]