42 results
Search Results
2. New Malaria Study Findings Have Been Reported by a Researcher at Oxford University (Climate change, malaria and neglected tropical diseases: a scoping review).
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MALARIA ,CLIMATE change ,TROPICAL medicine ,RESEARCH personnel ,MOSQUITO-borne diseases - Abstract
A new study conducted by researchers at Oxford University explores the effects of climate change on malaria and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The study analyzed papers published between January 2010 and October 2023 and found that the impact of climate change on these diseases is likely to vary by disease and location, be non-linear, and evolve over time. The research emphasizes the need for comprehensive and collaborative modeling efforts to better understand how climate change will affect malaria and NTDs. The study also highlights the importance of considering current low-burden countries with high healthcare access and quality when studying dengue, chikungunya, and non-vector-borne NTDs. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
3. A Tribute to a Visionary Scientist—John R. David—Richard Pearson Strong, Professor of Tropical Public Health, Emeritus, Harvard.
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Shaw, Jeffrey J. and Satoskar, Abhay
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TROPICAL medicine ,MEDICAL sciences ,COLLEGE teachers ,NEGLECTED diseases - Abstract
This document is an editorial from the journal "Pathogens" that pays tribute to the scientist John R. David. It highlights his contributions to the fields of cytokines and leishmaniasis research. The editorial includes scientific papers written by colleagues, mentees, and friends of John, showcasing the impact he had on various disciplines. The papers cover topics such as epidemiology, chemotherapy, clinical immunology, and molecular biology related to leishmaniasis. The document aims to inspire further research in this field and shed light on the devastating and neglected diseases caused by leishmaniases. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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4. Report on the Joint Workshop on the Relations between Health Inequalities, Ageing and Multimorbidity, Iceland, May 3–4, 2023.
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Vandenbroucke, Jan P, Sørensen, Henrik Toft, Rehkopf, David H, Gradus, Jaimie L, Mackenbach, Johan P, Glymour, M Maria, Galea, Sandro, and Henderson, Victor W
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HEALTH equity ,COMORBIDITY ,CLINICAL epidemiology ,NEUROSCIENCES ,TROPICAL medicine - Abstract
This paper is a summary of key presentations from a workshop in Iceland on May 3– 4, 2023 arranged by Aarhus University and with participation of the below-mentioned scientists. Below you will find the key messages from the presentations made by:Professor Jan Vandenbroucke, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Emeritus Professor, Leiden University; Honorary Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UKProfessor, Chair Henrik Toft Sørensen, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, DenmarkProfessor David H. Rehkopf, Director, the Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, CA., USProfessor Jaimie Gradus, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USProfessor Johan Mackenbach, Emeritus Professor, Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, HollandProfessor, Chair M Maria Glymour, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USProfessor, Dean Sandro Galea, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USProfessor Victor W. Henderson, Departments of Epidemiology & Population Health and of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Health, Religion, and Politics: Re-assessing the Role of Christian Missionaries in Colonial Assam.
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Jagriti and Sengupta, Madhumita
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MEDICAL missionaries , *CHRISTIANITY , *TROPICAL medicine ,CHRISTIAN attitudes - Abstract
Most studies of Christian missionaries in British Assam have focused on their role in promoting Christianity or education, not to mention their contributions to the development and standardization of local languages. There has been a singular lack of studies concerning the immense contributions made by the missionaries in setting up a healthcare infrastructure in the region. This absence has further distorted the debate on whether the missionaries operated as independent agents or as auxiliaries of the state. This paper dwells on the medical work carried out by the missionaries in British Assam and contends that the missionaries fulfilled multiple roles and functions in the province. We argue that the significance of the work of the missionaries is enhanced by the utter neglect of healthcare by the colonial state in the frontier region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Researcher's Work from University of California Focuses on Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (Practical Application of a Relationship-Based Model to Engagement for Gene-Drive Vector Control Programs).
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VECTOR control ,TROPICAL medicine ,RESEARCH personnel ,MEDICAL care ,REPORTERS & reporting - Abstract
A new report from the University of California focuses on the practical application of a relationship-based model to engagement for gene-drive vector control programs in tropical medicine and hygiene. The researchers emphasize the importance of engaging end users in the decision-making processes surrounding engagement, rather than treating them as passive recipients of predetermined strategies. The study provides a transparent description of the University of California Malaria Initiative's implementation of the relationship-based model in the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe. The research concludes that this approach can lead to the development of ethical, transparent, and effective engagement strategies for malaria control programs. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
7. Research Data from Nanjing Agricultural University Update Understanding of Health and Medicine (Reinhard Hoeppli and Medical Parasitology/Tropical Medicine in Peking Union Medical College).
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MEDICAL parasitology ,AGRICULTURAL colleges ,MEDICAL schools ,TROPICAL medicine ,REPORTERS & reporting - Abstract
A new report from Nanjing Agricultural University discusses the contributions of Reinhard Hoeppli, a Swiss medical parasitologist, to the field of medical parasitology and tropical diseases in China. Dr. Hoeppli served as the Director of the Division of Parasitology at Peking Union Medical College from 1930 to 1952, where he made significant advancements in the field and discovered the 'Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon'. The report also highlights his diplomatic efforts for Peking Union Medical College during the occupation by Japanese forces. The research paper provides a comprehensive review of Dr. Hoeppli's influence and contributions. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
8. Data on Bioethics Described by Researchers at Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (Migration health ethics in Southeast Asia: a scoping review [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]).
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BIOETHICS ,TROPICAL medicine ,RESEARCH personnel ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,ETHICS ,PUBLIC health ethics - Abstract
A scoping review conducted by researchers at the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit explores the ethics of healthcare for mobile and marginalized populations in Southeast Asia (SEA), as well as the ethics of research involving these populations. The review identified 18 papers with substantial bioethical analysis, focusing on concepts such as capability, agency, dignity, vulnerability, precarity, complicity, and structural violence. The research highlights the need for more empirical research to better understand the ethical issues in research, clinical care, and public health related to migration in SEA. The study emphasizes the importance of considering diverse factors and contexts in order to advance migration health ethics in the region. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
9. Research on Science and Technology Reported by Researchers at Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (Migration health ethics in Southeast Asia: a scoping review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]).
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SCIENCE journalism ,TROPICAL medicine ,RESEARCH personnel ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,PUBLIC health ethics ,ETHICS - Abstract
A scoping review conducted by researchers at the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit explores the ethics of healthcare for mobile and marginalized populations in Southeast Asia (SEA), as well as the ethics of research involving these populations. The review identified 18 papers with substantial bioethical analysis, focusing on concepts such as capability, agency, dignity, vulnerability, precarity, complicity, and structural violence. The research highlights the need for more empirical research to better understand the ethical issues in research, clinical care, and public health related to migration in SEA. The study emphasizes the importance of considering diverse factors and contexts in order to advance migration health ethics in the region. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
10. Global outreach and networking promotion to accelerate tropical diseases elimination.
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Lv, Shan and Zhou, Xiao-Nong
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TROPICAL medicine ,DISEASE eradication ,EARLY diagnosis ,OUTREACH programs ,SUSTAINABLE development ,DRUG development - Abstract
Cooperation and networking are powerful tools in the combating against tropical diseases. Cooperation on a global scale is essential due to the transboundary nature of tropical diseases. Networking plays a pivotal role in facilitating such cooperation. Both cooperation and networking can foster innovation in disease control programmes. Collaborative research can lead to the development of new drugs and vaccines, while shared surveillance data can enable the early detection and control of disease epidemics. Therefore, consensus of cooperation and networking has been reached during the 7th Symposium on Surveillance-Response Systems Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination, which reflected in the two documents, i.e., Consensus for Transboundary Tropical Diseases Control, and Action Consensus of the Network of WHO Collaborating Centres Related to NTDs. These documents will improve the efforts in the fighting against tropical diseases through collective actions to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Mitigating the escalating threat of infectious diseases outbreaks in tropical Africa: a perspective examination of challenges and strategies for future preparedness.
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Hassan, Hakeem Kayode, Adigun, Olaniyi Abideen, Manirambona, Emery, Olaleke, Noah Olabode, Abioye, Micheal Sunday, Lucero-Prisno III, Don Eliseo, Atewologun, Faith Ayobami, and Okesanya, Olalekan John
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COMMUNICABLE diseases ,DISEASE outbreaks ,MALARIA ,MEDICAL personnel ,EMERGING infectious diseases ,TROPICAL medicine ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Background: The escalating threat of infectious disease outbreaks in Africa, particularly emerging and re-emerging diseases, necessitates urgent and comprehensive action. The frequency of these outbreaks demands a robust enhancement of notification and reporting systems to enable swift public health interventions. Tropical diseases such as malaria, COVID-19, typhoid fever, yellow fever, arboviruses, cholera, rabies, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, black fungus, meningitis, evolving pathogens, and antimicrobial resistance pose significant health risks globally, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The region faces complexities in healthcare, including weak systems, inadequate surveillance, socioeconomic disparities, and other issues. Poor health literacy, traditional practices, and distrust hinder effective disease control and contribute to disease emergence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Continuous research and global collaboration are essential to address these public health concerns, especially given Africa's unique challenges. Disease surveillance emerges as a highly effective strategy, crucial in regions vulnerable to infectious diseases. Establishing and strengthening comprehensive surveillance and reporting systems at individual, regional, national, and international levels is crucial due to the unpredictable nature of borderless outbreaks and their significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and economic stability. National surveillance relies heavily on effective control mechanisms within local community areas, necessitating the active involvement of medical personnel. Successful systems depend on functional countries using collected data for timely warnings and localized interventions. Stakeholders, including governments, health authorities, and international organizations, must collaborate urgently to implement and sustain these vital systems, mitigating the devastating consequences of infectious disease outbreaks. Additionally, a holistic approach is crucial, involving prioritized local production of vaccines, medicines, and diagnostics through initiatives like the African Vaccine Producers Initiative. This approach emphasizes the need for domestic pharmaceutical production, intensified public awareness campaigns, and the training of the next generation of global health leaders, ensuring multidimensional strategies, political and diplomatic skills, and evidence-based assessments. Conclusion: Collaboration among governments, international organizations, and educational institutions is essential for successful policy advocacy and implementation to strengthen health security and mitigate the continuous rise of infectious diseases on the continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. 75 years' journey of malaria publications in English: what and where?
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Deora, Nimita, Kar, Sonalika, Pande, Veena, and Sinha, Abhinav
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MALARIA ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases ,SECONDARY analysis ,WEB databases ,ENDEMIC diseases ,TROPICAL medicine - Abstract
Malaria has inflicted serious morbidity and mortality across the globe. The major brunt of the disease has been on African, South-East Asian and South American countries. Proportionally, malaria has attracted global research priorities and this is evident from the number of publications related to malaria from across the globe, irrespective of its endemicity. However, formal and exhaustive analyses of these 'malaria publications' are rarely reported. The systematic review and secondary data analyses were done to retrieve information on what has been published on malaria, where is it published, and which countries are major contributors to malaria research. The study presents malaria publications from 1945 to 2020 retrieved using three databases: Web of Science
™ , Embase® and Scopus® . Exported data were examined to determine the number of publications over time, their subject areas, contributions from various countries/organizations, and top publishing journals. The total number of published records on malaria ranged from 90,282 to 112,698 (due to three different databases). Based on the number of publications, USA, UK, France, and India were identified as the top four countries. Malaria Journal, American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, and PLoS One were the most preferred journals, whereas the University of London (Institutions other than LSHTM), the National Institute of Health, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the University of Oxford appeared to be the top contributing organization. A disproportional contribution to malaria research was observed with non-malaria endemic countries making the largest contribution. Databases differed in their output format and needed standardization to make the outputs comparable across databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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13. Understanding how neglected tropical diseases programs in five Asia-Pacific countries adjusted to the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.
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Jaworski, Alison, Craig, Adam T., Dyer, Clare E. F., Goncalves, Julio, Neuendorf, Nalisa, Newland, Jamee, Kelly-Hanku, Angela, Pomat, William, MacLaren, David, and Vaz Nery, Susana
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COVID-19 pandemic ,TROPICAL medicine ,NEGLECTED diseases ,EMERGENCY management ,QUALITATIVE research ,SOCIAL anxiety - Abstract
Background: Following the COVID-19 pandemic declaration, the World Health Organization recommended suspending neglected tropical diseases (NTD) control activities as part of sweeping strategies to minimise COVID-19 transmission. Understanding how NTD programs were impacted and resumed operations will inform contingency planning for future emergencies. This is the first study that documents how South-East Asian and Pacific NTD programs addressed challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology/Principal findings: Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 NTD Program Coordinators and related personnel from Fiji, Papua New Guinea, The Philippines, Timor-Leste, and Vanuatu. Constructivist grounded theory methods were drawn on to generate an explanation of factors that enabled or hindered NTD program operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted NTD programs in all countries. Some programs implemented novel strategies by partnering with services deemed essential or used new communications technology to continue (albeit scaled-back) NTD activities. Strong relationships to initiate cross-program integration, sufficient resources to implement adapted activities, and dedicated administrative systems were key enabling factors for recommencement. As the COVID-19 pandemic continued, exacerbating health resources scarcity, programs faced funding shortages and participants needed to find efficiencies through greater integration and activity prioritisation within their NTD units. Emphasising community-led approaches to restore trust and engagement was critical after widespread social anxiety and disconnection. Conclusions/Significance: Sustaining effective NTD programs during a global emergency goes beyond managing immediate activity disruptions and requires attention to how NTD programs can be better ensconced within wider health programs, administrative, and social systems. This study underscores the importance of pre-emergency planning that reinforces NTD control programs as a critical service at all health systems levels, accompanied by governance arrangements that increase NTD staff control over their operations and strategies to maintain strong community relationships. Ensuring NTD units are supported via appropriate funding, personnel, and bureaucratic resources is also required. Author summary: Disruptions to health services during the COVID-19 pandemic may delay progress in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) control by several years. Current studies of how NTD programs responded to the challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic are largely from African settings and focus on earlier periods during the pandemic when policy advice was most stringent. In contrast, this study documents how NTD staff and other related personnel in five South-East Asian and Pacific countries adapted to changing situations throughout the pandemic. We found a difference in the strategies NTD programs initially used to manage the immediate challenges of strict new public health measures compared to those used later in the pandemic's evolution when seeking to recommence usual programs. Initially, some NTD programs devised new ways of offering modified services, primarily though cross-program integration with other health services that were allowed to continue operating. When operations re-commenced, NTD programs faced financial challenges that meant human and resource efficiencies in these units needed to be found. The cumulative impact of pandemic-related restrictions and misinformation eroded community trust in health programs more broadly and required NTD staff to rebuild local relationships. The lessons learned in these settings may help NTD programs in these and other regions prepare for prolonged future emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Advising the immunocompromised traveller: a review of immunocompromise at The London Hospital for Tropical Diseases Travel Clinic between 1st April 2019 and 30th April 2020.
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Beer, Ellen, Chowdhury, Humayra, Carroll, Bernadette, Luintel, Akish, van Tulleken, Christoffer, and Longley, Nicky
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TRAVEL hygiene ,TROPICAL medicine ,VACCINE safety ,PARTICIPANT observation ,DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents - Abstract
Background: Immunocompromised travellers (ICTs) face greater infectious and non-infectious travel-associated risks than their immunocompetent counterparts. Increasing travel and emergence of novel immunosuppressants poses great challenges for travel medicine practitioners to confidently provide up-to-date evidence-based risk management advice and pre-travel care for ICTs. Methods: We reviewed the records of ICTs attending the London Hospital for Tropical Diseases (HTD) Travel Clinic between 1st April 2019 and 30th April 2020 with the aim to describe demographic and travel characteristics, type, and severity of immunocompromise, the degree of risk associated with intended travel and evaluate travel advice. Results: Of the 193 ICTs identified, immunocompromise was due to physiological reasons (42%), chronic infection (17.1%) and immunosuppressive therapy (16.6%). Median age was 38 (range 9 months to 84 years) and male to female ratio 0.75 (83:110). Travel was intended to 80 countries for a median of 16 days (range 2 to 3167), predominantly for leisure (53%), non-medical work (17%) and visiting friends and relatives (12%). Live vaccine safety dominated discussion in the pre-travel consultation. Existing guidelines arguably fell short in dealing with travel risks associated with hyper-specific conditions, targeted immunosuppressants and non-vaccine preventable infections. Conclusions: Our cohort represents a wide spectrum of immunocompromise, for whom we arguably need more measurable ways to approach travel-associated risks. We propose prospective qualitative participatory research to inform our unit of the priorities of ICTs in the pre-travel consultation. We further recommend the formation of a repository of specialists and formulary of complex cases to direct subsequent informative systematic review and prospective risk studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Participatory development of a community mental wellbeing support package for people affected by skin neglected tropical diseases in the Kasai province, Democratic Republic of Congo.
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Nganda, Motto, Luhaka, Pierre, Kukola, Junior, Ding, Yan, Bulambo, Christian, Kadima, Jacob, Kim, Joy, Marshall, Sara, Mulamba, Raphael, Ngenyibungi, Stephanie, Ngondu, Florent, Seekles, Maaike, Sabuni, Louis, and Dean, Laura
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WELL-being ,COGNITIVE development ,TROPICAL medicine ,SOCIAL support ,PHOTOVOICE (Social action programs) - Abstract
Background Skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) produce signs and symptoms that are often physically challenging, stigmatizing and have a negative impact on the mental wellbeing of people affected. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), little is known about the mental wellbeing experiences of people affected by skin NTDs and support is lacking. We collaborated with ongoing NTD programs, the Ministry of Health and people affected to evidence experiences and opportunities for change and co-developed a mental wellbeing support package for people affected and local health system actors. Methods This implementation research study used the photovoice method alongside key-informant interviews to evidence mental wellbeing challenges in people affected by skin NTDs and explore opportunities for change. These were used to co-develop a skin NTD mental wellbeing support package with people affected, community members and local health system actors through a participatory workshop. Results Stigma, discrimination, decreased livelihoods and mental wellbeing challenges were evidenced by people affected by skin NTDs, their communities and health system actors. Participants identified and co-established community-led peer support groups, strengthened with basic knowledge on psychosocial support, and income-generating or recreational initiatives to support mental wellbeing of people affected by skin NTDs. Conclusions Co-developing a support package with persons affected, community members and health system actors is a step towards holistic care for people affected by skin NTDs and promotes uptake and ownership of intervention components. Contexte Les maladies tropicales négligées (MTN) cutanées produisent des signes et des symptômes qui sont souvent difficiles à supporter physiquement, ils sont également stigmatisants et ont un impact négatif sur le bien-être mental des personnes touchées. En République Démocratique du Congo (RDC), on sait peu de choses sur le bien-être mental des personnes atteintes de MTN cutanées, et le soutien fait défaut. Nous avons collaboré avec les programmes de lutte contre les MTN en cours, le ministère de la santé et les personnes touchées pour mettre en évidence les expériences et les possibilités de changement, et nous avons élaboré un programme de soutien au bien-être mental pour les personnes touchées et les acteurs du système de santé local. Méthodes utilisées Cette étude de recherche sur la mise en œuvre a utilisé la méthode photovoice, ainsi que des entretiens avec des informateurs clés, afin de mettre en évidence les problèmes de bien-être mental des personnes touchées par les MNT cutanées. Ces éléments ont été utilisés pour élaborer un programme de soutien au bien-être mental des MNT cutanées avec les personnes concernées, les membres de la communauté et les acteurs du système de santé local dans le cadre d'un atelier participatif. Résultats La stigmatisation, la discrimination, la diminution des moyens de subsistance et les problèmes de bien-être mental ont été mis en évidence par les personnes atteintes de MTN cutanées, leurs communautés et les acteurs du système de santé. Les participants ont identifié et mis en place des groupes communautaires de soutien par les pairs, renforcés par des connaissances de base en matière de soutien psychosocial, et des initiatives génératrices de revenus/récréatives pour soutenir le bien-être mental des personnes touchées par les MTN cutanées. Conclusions L'élaboration d'un ensemble de mesures de soutien en collaboration avec les personnes concernées, les membres de la communauté et les acteurs du système de santé, constitue une étape vers une prise en charge holistique des personnes atteintes de MNT cutanées et favorise l'adoption et l'appropriation des composantes de l'intervention. Antecedentes Las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs) cutáneas producen signos y síntomas que a menudo suponen un reto físico, estigmatizan y tienen un impacto negativo en el bienestar mental de las personas afectadas. En la República Democrática del Congo (RDC), se sabe poco sobre las experiencias de bienestar mental de las personas afectadas por ETDs cutáneas, y falta apoyo. Colaboramos con los programas en curso sobre las ETDs, el Ministerio de Sanidad y las personas afectadas para poner de manifiesto las experiencias y las oportunidades de cambio, y desarrollamos de manera conjunta un paquete de apoyo al bienestar mental para las personas afectadas y los agentes del sistema sanitario local. Métodos Este estudio de investigación utilizó el método fotovoz, junto con entrevistas a informantes clave, para poner de manifiesto los desafíos de bienestar mental de las personas afectadas por ETDs cutáneas y explorar las oportunidades de cambio. Estos datos se utilizaron para desarrollar un paquete de apoyo al bienestar mental de manera conjunta con las personas afectadas por las ETDs cutáneas, los miembros de la comunidad y los actores del sistema sanitario local a través de un taller participativo. Resultados El estigma, la discriminación, la disminución de los medios de subsistencia y los problemas de bienestar mental fueron evidenciados por las personas afectadas por ETD cutáneas, sus comunidades y los agentes del sistema sanitario. Los participantes identificaron y establecieron conjuntamente grupos de apoyo entre pares dirigidos por la comunidad, fortalecidos con conocimientos básicos sobre apoyo psicosocial e iniciativasrecreativas y generadoras de ingresos para apoyar el bienestar mental de las personas afectadas por las ETD cutáneas. Conclusións El desarrollo conjunto de un paquete de medidas de apoyo con las personas afectadas, los miembros de la comunidad y los actores del sistema sanitario es un paso hacia la atención holística de las personas afectadas por las NTDs a y promueve la adopción y apropiación de los componentes de la intervención. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Insights and challenges of insecticide resistance modelling in malaria vectors: a review.
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Ibrahim, Eric Ali, Wamalwa, Mark, Odindi, John, and Tonnang, Henri Edouard Zefack
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MALARIA ,MALARIA prevention ,TROPICAL medicine ,BASIC needs - Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the most devastating tropical diseases, resulting in loss of lives each year, especially in children under the age of 5 years. Malaria burden, related deaths and stall in the progress against malaria transmission is evident, particularly in countries that have moderate or high malaria transmission. Hence, mitigating malaria spread requires information on the distribution of vectors and the drivers of insecticide resistance (IR). However, owing to the impracticality in establishing the critical need for real-world information at every location, modelling provides an informed best guess for such information. Therefore, this review examines the various methodologies used to model spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal patterns of IR within populations of malaria vectors, incorporating pest-biology parameters, adopted ecological principles, and the associated modelling challenges. Methods: The review focused on the period ending March 2023 without imposing restrictions on the initial year of publication, and included articles sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. It was also limited to publications that deal with modelling of IR distribution across spatial and temporal dimensions and excluded articles solely focusing on insecticide susceptibility tests or articles not published in English. After rigorous selection, 33 articles met the review's elibility criteria and were subjected to full-text screening. Results: Results show the popularity of Bayesian geostatistical approaches, and logistic and static models, with limited adoption of dynamic modelling approaches for spatial and temporal IR modelling. Furthermore, our review identifies the availability of surveillance data and scarcity of comprehensive information on the potential drivers of IR as major impediments to developing holistic models of IR evolution. Conclusions: The review notes that incorporating pest-biology parameters, and ecological principles into IR models, in tandem with fundamental ecological concepts, potentially offers crucial insights into the evolution of IR. The results extend our knowledge of IR models that provide potentially accurate results, which can be translated into policy recommendations to combat the challenge of IR in malaria control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Clinical and epidemiological characterization of eosinophilic ascites in Egypt: a single center experience.
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Medhat, Mohammed Ahmed, Abdelmalek, Mohamed O., Mekky, Mohamed A., Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdel-Malek, Mohamed Ahmed Yehya, Ahmed, Sayed Hassan, Amry, Yusuf S., and Hassan, Waleed Attia
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ASCITES ,BOWEL obstructions ,SYMPTOMS ,ABDOMINAL pain ,TROPICAL medicine ,PULMONARY eosinophilia - Abstract
Background & aims: Eosinophilic ascites is non-common and challenging disease. This study aimed to describe the clinical presentation and treatment of eosinophilic ascites. Methods: This was a prospective single-center study that included cases with eosinophilic ascites who were admitted to Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt, during the period between May 2020 to May 2023. The clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and follow-up data of the included patients were collected and analyzed. Results: Seventeen cases of eosinophilic ascites were included in the study. The main presenting manifestations were abdominal pain (47.1%), and abdominal pain with distension (29.4%). Two patients presented with a picture of intestinal obstruction. Moderate ascites was found in 10 patients (58.8%) by ultrasound. Eosinophilia in the peripheral hemogram was detected in 76.5% of the study population. Endoscopic examination showed gastro-duodenitis in 9 patients (52.9%) and duodenitis in 4 patients (23.5%). All patients showed complete improvement and disappearance of ascites after starting steroids within two weeks. Eleven patients (64.7%) relapsed after discontinuation of steroids. Conclusion: Eosinophilic ascites is an uncommon cause of ascites that is often underdiagnosed. The relapse rate after stopping treatment is high but with excellent response to retreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Assessing diversity index of contaminant fungi in traditional home-made salted fish: Implications for public health in a tropical setting.
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THASNIATY, Rahmah, LUBIS, Syafrina SARI, HARAHAP, Diannita, DJAFAR, Tasliati, and IQHRAMMULLAH, Muhammad
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ASPERGILLUS ,TROPICAL medicine ,AGAR ,ASPERGILLUS flavus ,ASPERGILLUS fumigatus ,ASPERGILLUS niger ,MICROFUNGI - Abstract
threat to the quality of salted fish products, leading to both economic losses and health concerns. The aim of this study is to elucidate the profile of contaminant fungi in traditional home-made salted fishes and assess their diversity index. Methods: Samples of salted fish were collected from Lhok Seudu, Aceh Besar, Indonesia, following approximately three months of storage. The samples were salted barred queenfish (Scomberoides tala), red snapper (Lutjanus compchanus), and blackfin snapper (Lutjanus buncanella). After diluted to a 10-6 concentration, the sample was inoculated onto potato dextrose agar media for 5-7 days of incubation. Grown fungal colonies were enumerated, and distinct macroscopic variants were isolated for further analysis, with subsequent incubation periods of 5-7 days. Observations encompassed both macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fungi. Results: The findings suggested that the appearance of Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus, was prevalence. The diversity index of contaminant fungi in the salted fish products was 1.15, categorized as having moderate diversity. Conclusion: Indonesian public health authorities should maintain a heightened awareness of the potential threat posed by mycotoxins in traditional home-made salted fish. The moderate diversity of fungal contamination highlights the probability of exposure to a range of fungal contaminants, each presenting distinct health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. A New Model for Ranking Schools of Public Health: The Public Health Academic Ranking.
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Dugerdil, Adeline, Babington-Ashaye, Awa, Bochud, Murielle, Margaret Chan, Chiolero, Arnaud, Gerber-Grote, Andreas, Künzli, Nino, Paradis, Gilles, Puhan, Milo Alan, Suggs, L. Suzanne, Van der Horst, Klazine, Escher, Gérard, and Flahault, Antoine
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SCHOOL rankings ,PUBLIC schools ,PUBLIC health ,BIBLIOTHERAPY ,UNIVERSITY rankings ,TROPICAL medicine ,WEB analytics ,SOCIAL indicators - Abstract
Objectives: As there is no ranking designed for schools of Public Health, the aim of this project was to create one. Methods: To design the Public Health Academic Ranking (PHAR), we used the InCites Benchmarking and Analytics™ software and the Web Of Science™ Core Collection database. We collected bibliometric data on 26 schools of Public Health from each continent, between August and September 2022. We included 11 research indicators/ scores, covering four criteria (productivity, quality, accessibility for readers, international collaboration), for the period 2017–2021. For the Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), a network gathering faculties across different universities, a specific methodology was used, with member-specific research queries. Results: The five top schools of the PHAR were: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Public Health Foundation of India, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, SSPH+, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Conclusion: The PHAR allows worldwide bibliometric ordering of schools of Public Health. As this is a pilot project, the results must be taken with caution. This article aims to critically discuss its methodology and future improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Exploring the interplay between climate change and schistosomiasis transmission dynamics.
- Author
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Tabo, Zadoki, Kalinda, Chester, Breuer, Lutz, and Albrecht, Christian
- Subjects
SCHISTOSOMIASIS ,CLIMATE change ,TRANSMISSION of parasitic diseases ,HELMINTHS ,TROPICAL medicine - Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms, poses a major public health challenge in economically disadvantaged regions, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Climate factors, such as temperature and rainfall patterns, play a crucial role in the transmission dynamics of the disease. This study presents a deterministic model that aims to evaluate the temporal and seasonal transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis by examining the influence of temperature and rainfall over time. Equilibrium states are examined to ascertain their existence and stability employing the center manifold theory, while the basic reproduction number is calculated using the next-generation technique. To validate the model's applicability, demographic and climatological data from Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, which are endemic East African countries situated in the tropical region, are utilized as a case study region. The findings of this study provide evidence that the transmission of schistosomiasis in human populations is significantly influenced by seasonal and monthly variations, with incidence rates varying across countries depending on the frequency of temperature and rainfall. Consequently, the region is marked by both schistosomiasis emergencies and re-emergences. Specifically, it is observed that monthly mean temperatures within the range of 22e27 °C create favorable conditions for the development of schistosomiasis and have a positive impact on the reproduction numbers. On the other hand, monthly maximum temperatures ranging from 27 to 33 °C have an adverse effect on transmission. Furthermore, through sensitivity analysis, it is projected that by the year 2050, factors such as the recruitment rate of snails, the presence of parasite egg-containing stools, and the rate of miracidia shedding per parasite egg will contribute significantly to the occurrence and control of schistosomiasis infections. This study highlights the significant influence of seasonal and monthly variations, driven by temperature and rainfall patterns, on the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis. These findings underscore the importance of considering climate factors in the control and prevention strategies of schistosomiasis. Additionally, the projected impact of various factors on schistosomiasis infections by 2050 emphasizes the need for proactive measures to mitigate the disease's impact on vulnerable populations. Overall, this research provides valuable insights to anticipate future challenges and devise adaptive measures to address schistosomiasis transmission patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Navigating the Haematological Maze: Unraveling the Role of NLR and PLR as Predictors of Dengue Severity- A Cross-sectional Study from Southern India.
- Author
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NAVYA, P. T., BEGUM, RAMEEJAN, THAJUDEEN, AYEESHA SITHIKA, HUSSAIN, MOHAMMED ALTHAF, and VIJAYASHREE, R.
- Subjects
DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,PLATELET lymphocyte ratio ,DENGUE ,TROPICAL medicine ,NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio ,BLOOD cell count - Abstract
Introduction: Dengue Fever (DF) poses a critical public health threat in tropical regions, displaying a spectrum of manifestations without distinct diagnostic hallmarks. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) are useful biomarkers of inflammation and prognostic markers in various diseases. The inflammation that occurs in dengue is due to the exaggerated response of the immune system. Aim: To assess the utility value of NLR and PLR as prognostic markers for dengue severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 99 admitted Dengue patients. Patients were grouped into three categories: DF, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Various parameters of Complete Blood Count (CBC), NLR, and PLR were compared among the groups using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test (p-value <0.05 considered significant). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Among the 99 patients, 63.6% exhibited thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1.5 lac/dL), and 7% of patients had a platelet count <20,000/dL. All DHF and DSS patients had thrombocytopenia. Leucopenia was evident in 45.45% of patients, with 6% having a Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) <2000/dL. TLC remained stable across these stages. The mean NLR in DF was 2.47 (range 0.1-15.4), in DHF it was 1.013 (range 0.2-3.2), and in DSS it was 0.41 (range 0.08-0.65.17) with a p-value of 0.02. The PLR displayed substantial differences, with mean values of 134.4 (range 10.1-273.8) for DF, 50.57 (range 7.1-96.1) for DHF, and 10.39 (range 3.1-38.8) for DSS with a p-value of 0.003. NLR had 63% accuracy, 77.8% sensitivity, and 94.4% specificity. PLR had 81.5% accuracy, 93.3% sensitivity and 33.3% specificity. Conclusion: The specificity of NLR was higher, while PLR exhibited superior accuracy and sensitivity in detecting severe cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Exploring the Role of Community Involvement in Reducing the Burden of Schistosomiasis and Other Neglected Tropical Diseases in Malawi: Where are We in the Fight Against Neglected Tropical Diseases?
- Author
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Lubanga, Adriano Focus, Bwanali, Akim Nelson, Munthali, Leonard Eston, Mphepo, Mzati, Chumbi, Gertrude Diana, Kangoma, Melina, Matola, Yankho, Kaonga, Byenala, and Moyo, Chitemwa Sithando
- Subjects
NEGLECTED diseases ,COMMUNITY involvement ,SCHISTOSOMIASIS ,TROPICAL medicine ,SCHOOL children - Abstract
Schistosomiasis has been endemic in Malawi since 1947. Despite the longevity of endemicity of the disease, it still maintains a high burden in Malawi. This could be attributed to insufficient coverage of preventive and therapeutic mass drug administration (MDA) which mainly targets school-aged children, leaving out adults who also bear a high burden of the disease. Additionally, despite well documented impact of community involvement in boosting up the effectiveness of health programmes, there is minimal community involvement in schistosomiasis control and prevention programmes. Therefore, this perspective seeks to discuss the historical background of schistosomiasis in Malawi, gaps in community engagement and participation and suggest ways of enhancing the role of the community in prevention and control programmes. Amongst other challenges, the control programmes are centralised, leading to minimal input at the district and community level as well as low awareness of schistosomiasis control and prevention methods at the community level. It is of utmost significance therefore to provide comprehensive schistosomiasis health education to the communities and devise a thorough outline of the specific roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders including community members in the fight against schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Strongyloides: omics to worm-free populations.
- Author
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Buonfrate, Dora, Hunt, Vicky L., Odermatt, Peter, and Streit, Adrian
- Subjects
TROPICAL medicine - Abstract
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Strongyloides: omics to worm-free populations'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Knowledge of tropical diseases and response capabilities of healthcare providers in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
- Author
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Adje, David U and Dambo, Edmund D
- Subjects
MEDICAL personnel ,LABORATORY personnel ,TROPICAL medicine ,NEGLECTED diseases ,HEALTH facilities - Abstract
Background The public health impact of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is quite substantial. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and response capability of health professionals regarding NTDs in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Methods A pre-tested questionnaire with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.716 was administered to 350 health professionals. The questionnaire assessed the knowledge, resource availability and capacity to handle NTD cases. Results Only 38 (12.6%) respondents were familiar with the World Health Organization's definition of NTDs. Although self-reported knowledge was highest for physicians (37 [82.2%]), there was no statistically significant knowledge disparity between cadres of health professionals. Only 12 (46.2%) practitioners in private health facilities reported adequate knowledge. The tier of practice was significantly associated with management of NTDs (χ
2 = 10.545; df 2; p = 0.005). Only 24 (47.1%) medical laboratory scientists and 18 (40.0%) physicians had adequate clinical resources for management of NTDs. Nearly three-quarters (211 (70.1%)] of respondents had never been trained in the management of NTDs. More than half (177 [58.8%]) of facilities lacked pharmaceuticals or standard operating procedures for management of NTDs. Conclusions Self-reported knowledge of NTDs was suboptimal. Physical and clinical resources for the diagnosis and treatment of NTDs were inadequate. Targeted training, increased funding and provision of adequate resources are needed in order to ameliorate the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Increasing the uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) through seasonal malaria chemoprevention channel delivery: protocol of a multicenter cluster randomized implementation trial in Mali and Burkina Faso
- Author
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Koita, Kadiatou, Bognini, Joel D., Agboraw, Efundem, Dembélé, Mahamadou, Yabré, Seydou, Bihoun, Biébo, Coulibaly, Oumou, Niangaly, Hamidou, N'Takpé, Jean-Batiste, Lesosky, Maia, Scaramuzzi, Dario, Worrall, Eve, Hill, Jenny, Briand, Valérie, Tinto, Halidou, and Kayentao, Kassoum
- Subjects
INSECTICIDE-treated mosquito nets ,CLUSTER randomized controlled trials ,MALARIA ,HEALTH facilities ,CHEMOPREVENTION ,MALARIA prevention ,PREGNANT women - Abstract
Background: The uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) remains unacceptably low, with more than two-thirds of pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa still not accessing the three or more doses recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). In contrast, the coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC), a more recent strategy recommended by the WHO for malaria prevention in children under five years living in Sahelian countries with seasonal transmission, including Mali and Burkina-Faso, is high (up to 90%). We hypothesized that IPTp-SP delivery to pregnant women through SMC alongside antenatal care (ANC) will increase IPTp-SP coverage, boost ANC attendance, and increase public health impact. This protocol describes the approach to assess acceptability, feasibility, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of the integrated strategy. Methods and analysis: This is a multicentre, cluster-randomized, implementation trial of IPTp-SP delivery through ANC + SMC vs ANC alone in 40 health facilities and their catchment populations (20 clusters per arm). The intervention will consist of monthly administration of IPTp-SP through four monthly rounds of SMC during the malaria transmission season (July to October), for two consecutive years. Effectiveness of the strategy to increase coverage of three or more doses of IPTp-SP (IPTp3 +) will be assessed using household surveys and ANC exit interviews. Statistical analysis of IPT3 + and four or more ANC uptake will use a generalized linear mixed model. Feasibility and acceptability will be assessed through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with health workers, pregnant women, and women with a child < 12 months. Discussion: This multicentre cluster randomized implementation trial powered to detect a 45% and 22% increase in IPTp-SP3 + uptake in Mali and Burkina-Faso, respectively, will generate evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of IPTp-SP delivered through the ANC + SMC channel. The intervention is designed to facilitate scalability and translation into policy by leveraging existing resources, while strengthening local capacities in research, health, and community institutions. Findings will inform the local national malaria control policies. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered on August 11th, 2022; registration # PACTR202208844472053. Protocol v4.0 dated September 04, 2023. Trail sponsor: University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Mali. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in Travellers
- Author
-
Hakan Leblebicioglu, Nick Beeching, Eskild Petersen, Hakan Leblebicioglu, Nick Beeching, and Eskild Petersen
- Subjects
- Tropical medicine, Internal medicine
- Abstract
This book provides essential information on the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of common and some rare infections in travellers. It will equip readers with key knowledge on clinically important emerging and re-emerging infections caused by wide variety of bacteria, viruses and parasites. The coverage ranges from influenza, hepatitis, malaria and tuberculosis to Ebola virus disease, Lassa fever, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever, dengue, Zika virus infection and many other important diseases. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms is discussed, and practical advice is included regarding disease prevention in travellers and humanitarian aid workers. Other generic chapters address the clinical approach to fever in the returning traveller, and preparedness and response to emerging infectious diseases. This comprehensive, up-to-date book will be an excellent source of information and guidance for all clinicians and researchers with an interest in infectious diseases, microbiology, epidemiology, and travel medicine.
- Published
- 2024
27. Manson's Tropical Diseases E-Book
- Author
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Jeremy Farrar, Patricia J. Garcia, Peter J Hotez, Thomas Junghanss, Gagandeep Kang, David Lalloo, Nicholas J. White, Jeremy Farrar, Patricia J. Garcia, Peter J Hotez, Thomas Junghanss, Gagandeep Kang, David Lalloo, and Nicholas J. White
- Subjects
- Parasitic diseases, Diseases, Tropical medicine
- Abstract
For 125 years, physicians have relied on Manson's Tropical Diseases for a comprehensive clinical overview of this complex and fast-changing field. The fully revised 24th Edition, Dr. Jeremy Farrar, along with an internationally recognized editorial team, global contributors, and expert authors, delivers the latest coverage on parasitic and infectious diseases from around the world. From the difficult to diagnose to the difficult to treat, this highly readable, award-winning reference prepares you to effectively handle whatever your patients may have contracted. Covers all of tropical medicine in a comprehensive manner, general medicine in the tropics, and non-clinical issues regarding public health and ethics. Serves as an indispensable resource for physicians who treat patients with tropical diseases and/or will be travelling to the tropics, or who are teaching others in this area. Contains a new section on 21st Century Drivers of Tropical Medicine, with chapters covering Poverty and Inequality, Public Health in Settings of Conflict and Political Instability, Climate Change, and Medical Product Quality and Public Health. Includes all-new chapters on Surgery in the Topics, Yellow Fever, Systemic Mycoses, and COVID-19. Covers key topics such as drug resistance; emerging and reemerging infections such as Zika, Ebola, and Chikungunya; novel diagnostics such as PCR-based methods; point-of care-tests such as ultrasound; public health in settings of conflict and political instability; and much more. Differentiates approaches for resource-rich and resource-poor areas. Includes reader-friendly features such as highlighted key information, convenient boxes and tables, extensive cross-referencing, and clinical management diagrams.
- Published
- 2024
28. Neglected Tropical Diseases - Sub-Saharan Africa
- Author
-
John O. Gyapong, Boakye A. Boatin, John O. Gyapong, and Boakye A. Boatin
- Subjects
- Parasitology, Medical microbiology, Tropical medicine, Public health, Diseases
- Abstract
This fully updated and expanded second edition provides an overview of the major neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) occurring in sub-Saharan Africa, such as leishmaniasis, buruli ulcer, schistosomiasis and many more. The well-structured chapters explore in detail the epidemiology and biology of these parasitic diseases. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches as well as prevention strategies are also reviewed. Furthermore, the book discusses the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa, taking into account the social and economic impact on the region and its health system.The book is aimed at researchers, advanced students and clinicians working on infectious diseases, tropical medicine and parasitology, and is a must-read for scientists specialising in the particularities of the sub-Saharan region.
- Published
- 2024
29. An Aussie doctor's fight to save lives from disaster, disease and destruction.
- Author
-
McIver, Lachlan
- Subjects
COMMUNICABLE diseases ,TROPICAL medicine ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,MEDICAL quality control ,MEDICAL care of poor people ,CLIMATE change ,RURAL health services ,DISASTERS ,PUBLIC health ,PHYSICIANS ,HEALTH equity - Abstract
An interview with physician, Lachlan McIver is presented. He discusses his memoir "Life and Death Decisions," sharing insights from his career tackling complex issues like Indigenous health, climate change impacts, and drug-resistant infections. He reflects on his unconventional career path, the psychological challenges of patient care, and the urgent need for action on climate change's health impacts.
- Published
- 2024
30. Research on Public Health Reported by Researchers at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Violence outcomes in later adolescence with the Good School Toolkit-Primary: a nonrandomized controlled trial in Uganda).
- Subjects
TROPICAL medicine ,ADOLESCENCE ,RESEARCH personnel ,VIOLENCE ,INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
A recent report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine discusses research on public health related to violence prevention in Uganda. The study aimed to determine if the Good School Toolkit-Primary intervention reduced victimization and perpetration of violence among adolescents four years later. The research found no evidence of a long-term intervention effect on peer violence victimization or any secondary outcomes. However, exposure to the intervention was associated with reduced peer violence for adolescents with high family connectedness and reduced intimate partner violence perpetration among males with high socio-economic status. The study suggests that young adolescents in connected families and with higher socio-economic status may be better equipped to transfer violence prevention skills as they get older. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
31. New Blindness Study Findings Recently Were Reported by Researchers at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine [The Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness survey: Review of the methodology and protocol for the seventh version (RAAB7)...].
- Subjects
TROPICAL medicine ,BLINDNESS ,RESEARCH personnel ,NEUROLOGICAL disorders ,SENSORY disorders - Abstract
A recent report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine discusses the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB), a survey methodology used to collect data on vision impairment and eye care services for individuals aged 50 and older. The latest version, RAAB7, has been fully digitized, allowing for fast and secure data collection. The researchers have also developed a website that provides open access to RAAB data from the past 20 years. Future developments include near vision screening, a health economics module, and a health systems data collection module. The goal of RAAB is to inform eye health service planning and support the global eye health community. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
32. Findings from Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Provides New Data about Managed Care (Understanding the Role of the Tanzania National Health Insurance Fund In Improving Service Coverage and Quality of Care).
- Subjects
NATIONAL health insurance ,MANAGED care programs ,TROPICAL medicine ,INSURANCE funding ,QUALITY of service - Abstract
A recent study conducted by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute explores the role of the Tanzania National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) in improving service coverage and quality of care. The study used qualitative interviews with stakeholders to understand the causal pathways and feedback loops of the NHIF. The findings suggest that the NHIF plays a crucial role in providing financial resources to healthcare facilities, but reimbursement delays interrupt this process. The study recommends improving reimbursement administrative processes, increasing the capacity of lower levels of care, and incentivizing providers for continuity of care to enhance the quality of care. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
33. Recent Findings in Artificial Intelligence Described by Researchers from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (The Challenges of Regulating Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare; Comment on "Clinical Decision Support and New...).
- Subjects
CLINICAL decision support systems ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,TROPICAL medicine ,RESEARCH personnel ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Researchers from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine have published a report on the challenges of regulating artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. They emphasize the importance of rigorous regulation to instill trust among healthcare providers and patients. The researchers outline five key challenges that regulators face in dealing with AI in healthcare and highlight the need for the regulatory environment to keep up with the fast-evolving space of healthcare. While AI applications in healthcare have already shown progress and benefits for patients, there is still potential for future developments that must be addressed and regulated to prevent potential risks. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
34. New Research on Rift Valley Fever from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Summarized (Severe morbidity and hospital-based mortality from Rift Valley fever disease between November 2017 and March 2020 among humans in Uganda).
- Subjects
RIFT Valley fever ,TROPICAL medicine ,RNA virus infections ,ARBOVIRUS diseases ,MOSQUITO-borne diseases ,GASTROPARESIS - Abstract
A recent report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine highlights the severity of Rift Valley fever (RVF) among humans in Uganda. The study found that RVF cases in Uganda between November 2017 and March 2020 resulted in high hospital-based mortality and severe morbidity. The majority of cases were male, with a median age of 32. Symptoms included fever, bleeding, and gastrointestinal issues, with survivors experiencing prolonged symptoms such as jaundice and visual difficulties. The research suggests the need for comprehensive interventions to improve surveillance, prevent infections, detect outbreaks, and enhance patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
35. Researchers from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Provide Details of New Studies and Findings in the Area of Global Health (Under-5 mortality surveillance in low-income and middle-income countries: insights from two Health and...).
- Subjects
LOW-income countries ,MIDDLE-income countries ,TROPICAL medicine ,WORLD health ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
A new report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine highlights the importance of complete data on under-5 mortality in low-income and middle-income countries for tracking progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2. The report outlines a community-based approach to enhance under-5 mortality surveillance in low-income countries, using The Gambia as a case study. The methodology involves Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSSs) in Basse and Fuladu West, employing unique identification numbers, household visits, and collaboration with communities. The study found that the most common causes of death among under-5 children in The Gambia were acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, and birth asphyxia. Challenges include the cost of maintaining the HDSSs, poor road infrastructure, and the need for national integration of HDSS data into the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics system. The success of this model suggests its potential for scalable and adaptable under-5 mortality surveillance in resource-limited settings. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. New Findings from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the Area of Public Health Described ("Going into the black box": a policy analysis of how the World Health Organization uses evidence to inform guideline recommendations).
- Subjects
TROPICAL medicine ,WORLD health ,PUBLIC spaces ,POLICY analysis ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
A recent study conducted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine examined the policy process used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to inform guideline recommendations. The study focused on the update of the WHO Consolidated HIV Testing Services (HTS) Guidelines as a case study. The research found that while the guideline development process was inclusive and transparent, there were gaps in training and preparation for stakeholders, particularly regarding the complexity of the Grading Recommendations Assessment Development Evaluation (GRADE) framework. The study also highlighted the need for a different approach to evidence synthesis and greater structure in formulating guideline development groups. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
37. Research Reports on Mental Health Diseases and Conditions from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Provide New Insights (Acceptability and Feasibility of Maternal Mental Health Assessment When Managing Small, Nutritionally At-Risk...).
- Subjects
MENTAL illness ,PSYCHIATRIC research ,MENTAL health ,TROPICAL medicine ,MATERNAL health ,AT-risk youth ,INFANTS - Abstract
A recent report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine highlights the importance of considering maternal mental health (MMH) in nutrition programs. The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of MMH assessments in low-resource settings. The research found that there are ethical dilemmas in asking about MMH if local treatment services are inadequate, and many challenges were identified, including governance, staff training, and finance. The study concludes that further research is needed to determine the safety and benefits of MMH screening, and current service providers can take steps to improve care for mothers and infants. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
38. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Reports Findings in Pediatrics (Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, morbidity and well-being assessments in women and children in Indonesia, India and Senegal: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting...).
- Subjects
TROPICAL medicine ,WELL-being ,STUNTED growth ,PEDIATRICS ,CHILD nutrition ,MATERNAL nutrition - Abstract
New research conducted by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine explores the complex factors that contribute to child stunting in the first 1000 days of life. The study focuses on understanding the interplay between environmental, physiological, and psychological factors that influence child nutritional status. The research will be conducted in India, Indonesia, and Senegal, and will assess anthropometry, biomarkers of nutrition and health status, dietary intakes, fetal growth and development, infant morbidity, infant and young child feeding practices, and perinatal maternal stress, depression, and social support. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and shared with policy-makers and participating communities. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
39. Studies from Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Add New Findings in the Area of Food Culture and Society (From Diversity To Uniformity: Comparing Nutritional Transition of Food Consumption In Four Regions In Senegal).
- Subjects
NUTRITION transition ,TROPICAL medicine ,FOOD consumption ,SOCIAL change ,UNIFORMITY ,CULTURE - Abstract
A new report from the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute explores the nutritional transition of food consumption in four regions of Senegal. The research highlights the homogenization of diet and the shift towards increased uniformity in food choices in African countries due to rapid social and economic changes. The study emphasizes the importance of collecting oral narratives on foodways and studying the impact of these changes in different African contexts. The findings reveal that food consumption patterns have become more homogeneous over the past few decades, with increased reliance on vegetable oil and refined staple grains in Senegalese villages. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
40. Study Findings on Mental Health Diseases and Conditions Detailed by a Researcher at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Acceptability and Feasibility of Maternal Mental Health Assessment When Managing Small, Nutritionally At-Risk...).
- Subjects
MENTAL illness ,MENTAL health ,TROPICAL medicine ,RESEARCH personnel ,MATERNAL health ,INFANTS - Abstract
A recent report from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine highlights the importance of considering maternal mental health (MMH) in nutrition programs. The study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of MMH assessments in low-resource settings. The research found that there are ethical dilemmas in asking about MMH if local treatment services are inadequate, and community and program staff perceptions of MMH were primarily negative. The study suggests that improvements in governance, care pathways, advocacy, training, funding, and utilizing existing community networks are needed to improve care for mothers and infants. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
41. Reports on Health and Medicine Findings from Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Provide New Insights (Using responsive feedback from routine monitoring data to guide course corrections for a family planning...).
- Subjects
TROPICAL medicine ,FAMILY planning ,PUBLIC universities & colleges ,PUBLIC schools ,OPEN scholarship - Abstract
A recent study conducted by Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine proposes the use of simple interrupted time series (ITS) analyses of routine data as a responsive feedback tool to improve public health programs. The study used an Excel-based analysis to measure the effect of a radio campaign promoting a family planning call center in Nigeria. The results showed an increase in calls requesting family planning information during the campaign, but the number of calls gained was lower than anticipated. The researchers suggest that regular feedback systems can help program implementers make necessary adjustments throughout the intervention period. This research demonstrates that basic Excel-based ITS analysis of routine data can be a useful tool for organizations with limited resources and research capacity. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
42. New Anxiety Disorders Study Findings Have Been Reported by Investigators at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Integration of Services for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Mental Health In Nigeria: Development of a Practical Model...).
- Subjects
MENTAL illness ,NEGLECTED diseases ,ANXIETY disorders ,MENTAL health ,TROPICAL medicine - Abstract
A study conducted by researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety among individuals living with leprosy and lymphatic filariasis in Nigeria. The study found high rates of depression, anxiety, and reduced well-being among these individuals, with a strong correlation between measures. Qualitative interviews revealed experiences of stigma, exclusion, and concerns about financial and economic needs. The researchers concluded that mental health services should be designed with an understanding of local needs and user priorities. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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