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This study investigates the psychological impact of viewing user-generated content depicting extreme real-world violence. Eight threads were harvested from a publicly accessible online discussion forum in which people discussed their experiences of witnessing real-world torture, maiming or death online. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to systematically analyse these threads. The themes capture the contradictory ways in which people react to viewing extreme real-world violence online, with some finding it intensely distressing and others using it as a resource for psychological grounding or (perceived) strengthening. Based on this analysis, we highlight pathways that may lead to the cessation or continuation of viewing such content and argue that greater research on this seemingly common but under-studied experience is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus epidemic, which emerged in Wuhan at the end of 2019, spread worldwide and caused more than 4 million deaths as of 2021. The cruise industry, whose goal is to maintain customer satisfaction at the highest possible level, like all service industries, has passed a difficult test with serious coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases that emerged on various ships. The new rules of the COVID-19 pandemic are reflected in the service processes of the ships that started to sail again after a long-term pause in the sector. The main motivation of this study is to determine whether the factors affecting customers' perceived service quality have changed during the pandemic period in the cruise industry, which is one of the sectors where service quality should be maintained high. Therefore, this study aims to determine the factors affecting the perceived service quality of cruise passengers and determine the new factors that occurred during the pandemic. To achieve this goal, the online narratives of 418 passengers cruising in the European Region between September 2020 and September 2021 were analyzed using Leximancer software, and key elements of passengers' perceptions of service quality were determined. As a result of the study, it was found that cabin location, restaurant quality, and COVID-related variables became significant factors affecting the perceived service quality of cruise passengers during the pandemic period. Additionally, disembarkation and embarkation, which were important variables in the pre-COVID period, were reclassified under the COVID category. The study also determined that adherence to COVID-19 measures by cruise companies positively impacted customer satisfaction during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the impact of user-generated content (UGC) on the purchase intention (PI) of ChatGPT Premium among undergraduate students, focusing on the mediating roles of brand attitude (BA) and brand trust (BT) by using SOR and HOE models. Using quantitative research methods and analyzing data from 105 undergraduate students who using TikTok in Malang City, Indonesia. Data analysis using SEM-PLS, and the results show that user-generated content has no direct effect on purchase intention. Meanwhile, user-generated content has a direct positive and significant effect on brand attitude and brand trust. Each brand attitude and brand trust also have a significant positive effect on purchase intention. Positive UGC can increase brand attitude and brand trust as well as increase interest in purchasing premium ChatGPT. Furthermore, based on the results of the indirect effect, it is known that brand attitude and brand trust can mediate the influence of user-generated content on purchase intention, where both act as full mediators in this research. This paper offers valuable insights into how UGC on platforms like TikTok influences consumer behavior in the context of freemium to premium transition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]