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Metformin/glipizide tablets are a compound formulation composed of metformin hydrochloride and glipizide. This study aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets of metformin/glipizide (500 mg/2.5 mg) in healthy Chinese subjects. We conducted a single-center, open-label, randomized, two-way crossover study with a total of 48 subjects enrolled (24 in each dietary group). The test or reference formulations were given to the subjects at random at a ratio of 1 : 1, with a seven-day washout period. Blood samples, collected at prearranged intervals before and up to 24 hours after dosage, were analyzed using validated LC-MS/MS technology to ascertain plasma concentrations of metformin and glipizide. Finally, 23 subjects completed the fasting and fed studies, respectively. In both studies, the 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (test/reference) of the C m ax , AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were all found to fall within the acceptable range for bioequivalence (80%–125%). The exposure of metformin/glipizide FDC tablets in vivo was not significantly affected by food. No serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both the test and reference metformin/glipizide tablets exhibited bioequivalence and were well tolerated under both fasting and fed conditions. This trial is registered with CTR202686. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sugarcane leaves have been extensively consumed as a herbal tea for centuries in China, which is an economically important crop containing multiple health benefits. Here we report the structure and in vitro antitumor activity of a purified sugarcane leaf polysaccharide (SLP70–1). SLP70–1 is a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide made up of mannose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.00: 1.89: 2.83. Additionally, the molecular weight of SLP70–1 was 3.23 kDa. Linkage together with NMR examination demonstrated the structural foundation of SLP70–1 were consisted of →4)- α -D-Gal p -(1→, →4)- α -D-Glc p -(1→, →2)- β -D-Man p -(1→, →3)- β -D-Gal p -(1→, →4,6)- β -D-Gal p -(1→, →6)- α -D-Gal p -(1→, →3,6)- α -D-Glc p -(1→ and α -D-Glc p -(1→，and the side chain was confirmed to be →4)- α -D-Glc p -(1→ and →6)- α -D-Gal p -(1→. According to an in vitro cell experiment, SLP70–1 could markedly decrease the survival ability of cancer cells exhibiting concentration dependence, including the survival rate of cancer cells in the lungs, colon, cervix, kidney, and breast, implying potent antitumor activity. In summary, SLP70–1 exhibits features that qualify it as a promising antitumor adjuvant candidate. • A novel polysaccharide SLP70-1 was obtained from sugarcane leaves. • The glycosidic bond types and linkage patterns were successfully clarified. • SLP70-1 exhibited a certain antitumor effect in vitro. • The underlying structure-function relationship was elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As water scarcity intensifies worldwide, the equitable allocation of water resources has emerged as a critical challenge. This research investigates the intricate issue of allocating responsibility for virtual water, a concept that quantifies the water embedded in traded commodities. In pursuit of an effective allocation mechanism, we refine an innovative accounting scheme grounded in economic welfare gains arising from externalities. The results show that water-stressed areas in China, such as Xinjiang, significantly contribute to exporting virtual water and is responsible for 70%–85% of the virtual water outflow. Furthermore, more than 50% of virtual water imported from water-rich regions is attributed to these water-stressed areas while their trade partners bear the rest water responsibility. In contrast, southern China's abundant water resources reduce dependence on virtual water trade, leading to fewer responsibilities. Globally, the allocated responsibility for the new accounting mechanism reaches up to 7.5 times higher than for production-based accounting (PBA) and consumption-based accounting (CBA). Our study also reveals that the degree of dependency (price elasticities) plays a pivotal role in shaping the allocation outcomes. The implications of this research are significant for establishing a transparent and accountable framework for sustainable water resource management and facilitating seamless transitions toward sustainability. As global water scarcity intensifies, the redefined responsibility accounting according to the economic welfare is indispensable in addressing immediate and long-term water-related challenges. • We refine a mechanism to reallocate responsibility based on economic welfare gains. • Notable differences exist between results of the new mechanism and current production, consumption, and income-based methods. • Water-stressed areas bear higher proportions of virtual water responsibility. • Price elasticities play a crucial role in determining responsibility allocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blonanserin is a novel oral antischizophrenic drug. Under fasting (n = 50) and fed (n = 60) conditions, this study compared the bioequivalence of the generic blonanserin tablet with the reference blonanserin tablet. In this single-center, randomized, open-label, 2-period, 2-sequence, crossover study, 110 patients were randomly given a 4-mg dose of either the test or reference blonanserin tablet with a 14-day washout period. Blood samples were taken before performing and up to 72 hours following. A validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique was used to measure the levels of blonanserin in plasma. Safety was evaluated throughout the study. The study found no significant differences in the maximum observed drug concentration in the plasma (C max ), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last sampling time (AUC 0-t ), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC 0-∞ ) between the 2 blonanserin formulations. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the test/reference formulations for C max , AUC 0-t , and AUC 0-∞ were within the 80%-125% limit. Food dramatically raised blonanserin exposure, and also significantly prolonged the lag time of absorption. No serious adverse events occurred. These results indicate that the 2 blonanserin formulations were bioequivalent and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. In clinical treatment, it is necessary to consider the food effect of blonanserin., (© 2023, The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.)