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Background: This study addresses the scarcity of research on nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) in China. It aims to explore the current NVP status in the country using validated questionnaires, analyze associated factors, and provide a useful reference for future research. The study also compares results from different assessment tools. Methods: Online questionnaires were utilized to gather data from 535 pregnant women across 24 provinces. Demographic, pregnancy, and NVP-related information were collected. NVP severity was assessed using Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) and the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching (RINVR) scales. Ordinal logistic regression identified factors linked to NVP severity. Differences between PUQE and RINVR assessments were compared. Results: NVP prevalence exceeded 90%, with 96.1% assessed by PUQE and 90.8% by RINVR. Incidence decreased from nausea to retching and vomiting. Severe NVP correlated with reduced gestational weight gain, younger age, fewer gestational weeks, and living in North (all P values < 0.05). There was moderate consistency between PUQE and RINVR assessments. The NVP prevalence assessed by the PUQE is higher than that assessed by the RINVR in the same population. However, the proportion of NVP levels above moderate assessed by RINVR is greater than that assessed by PUQE. Conclusions: NVP is highly prevalent among Chinese pregnant women, with nausea being predominant. RINVR assessments may be better able to identify severe NVP, thereby improving the low treatment rates for severe NVP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-fertility rate has been a common problem in many industrialized countries. To reverse the declining trend of new births, Chinese government gradually lifted its restrictions on the number of births per family, allowing for a household to have no more than two children. Little is known about the additional births or population increase contributed by the gradual relaxation of birth restrictions. To fill this gap, this quasi-experimental design study including data from 124 regions used the synthetic control method and controlled interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the differences in birth rates and rates of natural population increase between China and its synthetic control following implementation of the two-child policy from 2011 to 2020. A total of 123 regions were included in the control pool. Data collected during 1990–2010 were used to identify the synthetic China for each study outcome. The mean rate differences of birth rates and rates of natural increase between China and synthetic China after two-child policy implementation were 1.16 per 1000 population and 1.02 per 1000, respectively. These rate differences were distinguished from variation due to chance (one-sided pseudo- P -values: P for birth rates = 0.047, P for rates of natural increase = 0.020). However, there were statistically significant annual reductions in the pre–post trend of birth rates and rates of natural increase compared with those of controls of <0.340 per 1000 population per year [ P  = 0.007, 95% CI = (−0.584, −0.096)] and <0.274 per 1000 per year [ P  = 0.028, 95% CI = (−0.518, −0.031)]. The results suggested that lifting birth restrictions had a short-term effect on the increase in birth rates and rates of natural population increase. However, birth policy with lifting birth restrictions alone may not have sustained impact on population growth in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China accounted for 45.3% of new cases of primary liver cancer (PLC) worldwide in 2020. While variations in PLC incidence between different regions of China and decreasing incidence in overall China have been reported, incidence patterns have not been thoroughly explored by region. We examined the nearly status and temporal trends of PLC incidence in different geographical regions in China and project future trends. The age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) was estimated for 1978 to 2012 by different geographical regions and gender in China. Age‐period‐cohort model was adopted to evaluate age and birth cohort effects on the temporal trend of five registries of China (Hong Kong, Shanghai, Jiashan, Harbin and Zhongshan), Bayesian age‐period‐cohort model was adopted to project future trends for 2013 to 2032. PLC incidence in China exhibits marked geographical disparity, with the highest incidence in Southwest China, and gender differences being particularly pronounced in South China. While other registries exhibited decreasing trend, Zhongshan exhibited an increasing trend, with the cohort effect showing a marked upward trend for females born in 1916 to 1949 and males born in 1916 to 1962. During 2013 to 2032, the ASR appears to increase by 86.9% for men and 40.0% for women in Zhongshan, while the remaining registries will decline by around 50%. Since the high incidence of hepatitis B virus infection in early birth cohort, recent rise of nonviral risk factors and the severe aging of the Chinese population, it may be critical to tailor future prevention and control strategies for PLC to the distribution of risk factors in different geographical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disparities in short-term ischemic stroke (IS) prognosis among Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) subtypes were observed. Notably, little is known about the long-term prognosis of different subtypes in China. We aim to investigate the long-term outcome in IS patients and try to explore the potential interactive effects between IS subtypes and antithrombotic therapy., Methods: This is a prospective cohort of stroke survivors. Patients diagnosed with first-ever IS at the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2010 to December 2019 were recruited. They were followed until September 2022 to assess recurrence, mortality, and functional recovery. The multivariate Fine-Gray model assessed stroke recurrence, while Cox regression estimated hazard ratios. Modified Rankin Scale scores(mRS) were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed effects model., Results: At baseline, 589 of 950 participants (62.00 %) were male. The longest follow-up was 150 months, the shortest was 1.5 months, and the median follow-up was 81.0 months. Cardio-embolism (CE) bore the highest mortality risk compared to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (HR=4.43,95 %CI 1.61-12.23). Among survivors on anticoagulant therapy, CE exhibited a reduced risk of mortality (HR = 0.18, 95 % CI 0.04-0.80). In function recovery, small artery occlusion (SAO) demonstrated more favorable prognostic outcomes (β=-2.08, P<0.01, OR=0.13,95 %CI 0.03-0.47). Among survivors taking antiplatelet drugs, SAO demonstrated a slower pace of functional recovery compared to LAA (β=1.39, P=0.05, OR=3.99,95 %CI 1.01-15.74)., Conclusions: Long-term outcomes post-first IS vary among TOAST subtypes. Anticoagulant therapy offers long-term benefits among patients of the CE. However, prolonged administration of antiplatelet drugs among SAO patients may be limited in improving function recovery. Physicians should carefully consider treatment options for different IS subtypes to optimize patient outcomes and stroke care effectiveness., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: The importance of the gut microbiota in maintaining bone homeostasis has been increasingly emphasized by recent research. This study aimed to identify whether and how the gut microbiome of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and osteopenia may differ from that of healthy individuals., Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 27 individuals with osteoporosis (OP), 44 individuals with osteopenia (ON), and 23 normal controls (NC). The composition of the gut microbial community was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing., Results: No significant difference was found in the microbial composition between the three groups according to alpha and beta diversity. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota were significantly higher and Synergistota was significantly lower in the ON group than in the NC group. At the genus level, Roseburia, Clostridia&#95;UCG.014, Agathobacter, Dialis ter and Lactobacillus differed between the OP and NC groups as well as between the ON and NC groups ( p < 0.05). Linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis results showed that one phylum community and eighteen genus communities were enriched in the NC, ON and OP groups, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundance of the Dialister genus was positively correlated with BMD and T score at the lumbar spine ( p < 0.05). Functional predictions revealed that pathways relevant to amino acid biosynthesis, vitamin biosynthesis, and nucleotide metabolism were enriched in the NC group. On the other hand, pathways relevant to metabolites degradation and carbohydrate metabolism were mainly enriched in the ON and OP groups respectively., Conclusions: Our findings provide new epidemiologic evidence regarding the relationship between the gut microbiota and postmenopausal bone loss, laying a foundation for further exploration of therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO)., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Ji et al.)