7 results
Search Results
2. Heritagising the South China Sea: appropriation and dispossession of maritime heritage through museums and exhibitions in Southern China.
- Author
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Roszko, Edyta
- Subjects
HERITAGE tourism ,MUSEUM exhibits ,MUSEUM studies ,CULTURAL property ,SEAFARING life - Abstract
With the emergence of critical heritage studies, scholars show that 'bottom up' initiatives that blur the boundaries between private, civil, and state have arisen not as a modernising vision to legitimise national authority but as 'rooted in identification with local community', linking past and future. In China, such studies demonstrate the emergence of a different kind of museology – with 'private' heritage initiatives on behalf of individuals and groups – tolerated by the state authorities through investments that link heritage tourism to development. However, when a maritime vision of national history is at stake, the central state would co-opt 'private' heritage initiatives to subsume them under the wider, sanitised narrative of Chinese maritime civilisation that requires a different relation to the past and its extraction from the localities that do not inscribe their heritage into these universalised visions. Zooming in on three museums in Hainan related to the South China Sea (SCS), I reveal the contradictory claims made by different actors regarding the use, representation and ownership claims of historical seafaring in terms of cultural heritage. Therefore, I argue that heritagisation of seafaring in the SCS represent proprietary and thus territorial claims for China's rhetoric of maritime ecological civilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. US-China global competition and dilemma for Vietnam's strategic choices in the South China Sea conflict.
- Author
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Nguyen Manh Cuong, Chelabi, Kaddour, Anjum, Safia, Sateeshchandra, Navya Gubbi, Samoylenko, Svitlana, Silwizya, Kangwa, and Tran Nghiem
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,ECONOMIC development ,GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
The South China Sea (SCS) conflict has become a critical factor for regional peace and development with growing geopolitical competition between China and the USA. To face the rising threat of China, the study argues that the balance of power theory is relevant to explain why Vietnam attempts to strengthen strategic alliances with the USA, Russia, EU, and India to balance against the rising threat of China in SCS. However, this theory is not able to explain why Vietnam has a bandwagoning policy toward China at the same time. To fill the gap of the previous studies, this study endeavors to put forward the point that as geopolitical rivalry between the two superpowers, the United States and China, intensifies, Vietnam is put in a predicament of balancing the economic and the political choices against the choices of taking a neutral stand against the assertiveness of China in the SCS. Further, the alternative traditional balance options with ASEAN, and Russia are not sufficiently effective for Vietnam to balance against China since the position of both ASEAN and Russia is much weaker than China. This study also suggests that the support of the USA, EU, and its alliance for Vietnam's position creates unbearable costs for China's aggressive behaviors in SCS. By using the mathematical and logical framework, the study suggests that Vietnam tends to adopt a mixed strategy (balancing, bandwagoning, neutrality) in dealing with China's threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The dominant three-element model of oil and gas accumulation in basement buried hills: A discussion on new exploration frontiers in the deepwater area of the northern South China Sea.
- Author
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Gongcheng Zhang, Chengfu Lyu, Dongsheng Yang, Shuai Guo, and Long Wang
- Subjects
PETROLEUM industry ,BURIED hills ,GAS industry ,MOLECULAR docking - Abstract
Basement buried hill reservoirs represent significant emerging prospects among the newly discovered growth poles in the deepwater areas of the northern South China Sea. Addressing the unclear key factors contributing to their formation, this study dissects successful global exploration cases of basement buried hill reservoirs and analyzes the common characteristics of basement reservoir accumulation under different basin types, structural backgrounds, basement lithologies, and oil and gas geological conditions. A three-element coupling relationship, termed "sourcereservoir- cap", is proposed as the dominant mechanism controlling basement buried hill reservoir formation. The genesis of these reservoirs requires adequate oil and gas supply, appropriately sized accumulation bodies, and effective sealing layers. The optimal configuration of the "source-reservoir-cap" relationship directly influences the efficient charging and preservation of oil and gas within basement buried hill reservoirs. Four configurations are identified, including circumstances such as the source-underlying low-positioned basement buried hill with a "sourcereservoir cover docking migration type", the source-border middle-positioned basement buried hill with a "source-reservoir lateral window docking migration type", and the source-outside high-positioned basement buried hill with both "source-reservoir short-distance transport and migration type" and "source-reservoir long-distance transport and migration type". The first to three models present favorable accumulation conditions. Based on the "source-reservoir-cap" three-element coupled model, this study identifies the Yunkai basement buried hill in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, the central depression in the Qiongdongnan Basin, and the northern and southern basement buried hills belts as crucial exploration targets in the deepwater areas of the northern South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Evaluation of CO2 hydrate storage potential in the Qiongdongnan Basin via combining the phase equilibrium mechanism and the volumetric method.
- Author
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Xueqing Zhou, Shiguo Wu, Bosin, Aleksandr, Yuan Chen, Xiaoyu Fang, and Linqi Zhu
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,PHASE equilibrium ,GEOLOGY ,HYDRATES - Abstract
Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage technology is considered to be one of the most effective strategies to mitigate CO
2 emissions. In this process, CO2 that is injected into seabed sediments under specific temperature and pressure conditions is sealed in the form of CO2 hydrate, known for its high gas storage density and exceptional security features. This method has significant advantages compared with onshore geological storage schemes. Thus far, however, there has been no industrial demonstration of CO2 hydrate storage, and the CO2 hydrate storage potential in the South China Sea remains underexplored without targeted evaluations. In this study, the phase equilibrium mechanism is combined with the volumetric method to describe and evaluate the CO2 hydrate storage distribution range, effective thickness, and potential volume available for CO2 hydrate storage. Based on the latest exploration and development data from the Qiongdongnan Basin, along with geological structure data, multibeam bathymetry, local high-resolution three-dimension multichannel seismic reflection data, logging data, and submarine heat flow data, the distribution of the CO2 hydrate storage stability zone is determined. The results show that the effective thickness and regional scope of CO2 hydrate storage in the concerned area can be determined by virtue of the local water depths and the submarine temperature and pressure of 18 virtual wells. The minimum water depth in the Qiongdongnan Basin that satisfies the temperature and pressure conditions needed for CO2 sediment storage is established as 415 m. The theoretical geological storage capacity of CO2 hydrate in the Qiongdongnan Basin is determined as 5.75x1011 to 8.73x1011 t, where the value range of E is between 0.56 and 0.85. These findings offer a solid foundation for China to create, advance and execute a viable strategy for CO2 hydrate storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Multipolar Competition and the Rules-based Order: Probing the Limits of EU Foreign and Security Policy in the South China Sea.
- Author
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Paikin, Zachary
- Subjects
BALANCE of power ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONAL security - Abstract
Deepening multipolar competition has imposed constraints on European Union foreign and security policy (EUFSP). In the South China Sea (SCS), the European Union (EU) faces a complex foreign policy terrain for three reasons. First, the EU's geographic distance from – and relatively limited capabilities in – the region may lend itself to a de minimis mitigating strategy, especially when considered against the backdrop of the broader imperative to mitigate the impact of multipolar competition on its foreign policy more generally. Second, multipolarity can be compatible with the preservation of a rules-based international order (RBIO) if the latter term is interpreted less stringently. And third, rather than being a factor purely to mitigate, multipolar competition in the wider Indo-Pacific theatre offers the EU certain opportunities – albeit not without risks – to strengthen the character of its foreign and security policy by actively participating in a competitive dynamic. Together, these facts should encourage us to rethink whether 'mitigation' always captures the entire essence of the EU's response to multipolar competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress.
- Author
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O'Rourke, Ronald
- Subjects
CHINA-United States relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLITICAL science ,GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
Over the past 10 to 15 years, the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of U.S.-China strategic competition. China's actions in the SCS-including extensive island-building and baseconstruction activities at sites that it occupies in the Spratly Islands, as well as actions by its maritime forces to assert China's claims against competing claims by regional neighbors such as the Philippines and Vietnam-have heightened concerns among U.S. observers that China is gaining effective control of the SCS, an area of strategic, political, and economic importance to the United States and its allies and partners. Actions by China's maritime forces at the Japanadministered Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea (ECS) are another concern for U.S. observers. Chinese domination of China's near-seas region-meaning the SCS and ECS, along with the Yellow Sea-could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere. Potential broader U.S. goals for U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS and ECS include but are not necessarily limited to the following: fulfilling U.S. security commitments in the Western Pacific, including treaty commitments to Japan and the Philippines; maintaining and enhancing the U.S.-led security architecture in the Western Pacific, including U.S. security relationships with treaty allies and partner states; maintaining a regional balance of power favorable to the United States and its allies and partners; defending the principle of peaceful resolution of disputes and resisting the emergence of an alternative "might-makes-right" approach to international affairs; defending the principle of freedom of the seas, also sometimes called freedom of navigation; preventing China from becoming a regional hegemon in East Asia; and pursing these goals as part of a larger U.S. strategy for competing strategically and managing relations with China. Potential specific U.S. goals for U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS and ECS include but are not necessarily limited to the following: dissuading China from carrying out additional baseconstruction activities in the SCS, moving additional military personnel, equipment, and supplies to bases at sites that it occupies in the SCS, initiating island-building or base-construction activities at Scarborough Shoal in the SCS, declaring straight baselines around land features it claims in the SCS, or declaring an air defense identification zone (ADIZ) over the SCS; and encouraging China to reduce or end operations by its maritime forces at the Senkaku Islands in the ECS, halt actions intended to put pressure against Philippine-occupied sites in the Spratly Islands, provide greater access by Philippine fisherman to waters surrounding Scarborough Shoal or in the Spratly Islands, adopt the U.S./Western definition regarding freedom of the seas, and accept and abide by the July 2016 tribunal award in the SCS arbitration case involving the Philippines and China. The issue for Congress is whether the Administration's strategy for competing strategically with China in the SCS and ECS is appropriate and correctly resourced, and whether Congress should approve, reject, or modify the strategy, the level of resources for implementing it, or both. Decisions that Congress makes on these issues could substantially affect U.S. strategic, political, and economic interests in the Indo-Pacific region and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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