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In recent years, lead-free piezoelectric ceramic devices have been extensively researched and applied in the high-frequency range, specifically above 20 kHz, for airborne acoustics applications. However, few applications have been reported on low-frequency underwater acoustic transducers, which are crucial in the fields of underwater acoustic communication, ocean resource development, etc., because this imposes more stringent requirements for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in terms of size, mechanical coupling coefficient, piezoelectric coefficients, and temperature stability. This paper explores the application of high-performance potassium sodium niobate based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in a low-frequency directional wideband transducer. It covers design, fabrication, and performance testing of the transducer. The transducer measures Φ236 × 83 mm2 and weighs 4.45 kg, which achieves wideband emission (3500–8200 Hz) and directional sound emission with a front-to-back sound pressure ratio exceeding 6 dB across a significant frequency range. Both the theoretical analysis and the experimental results confirm the competitiveness application of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in the field of low-frequency underwater acoustic transducers applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of blood flow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo. While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel, little research has been done on characterizing the instantaneous blood flow velocity distribution. This is mainly due to the lack of measurement technology with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we tackle this problem with our recently developed dual-wavelength line-scan third-harmonic generation (THG) imaging technology. Simultaneous acquisition of dual-wavelength THG line-scanning signals enables measurement of blood flow velocities at two radially symmetric positions in both venules and arterioles in mouse brain in vivo. Our results clearly show that the instantaneous blood flow velocity is not symmetric under general conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a high value-added platform compound, converted into bio-based polyesters and biofuels etc. In this paper, we used two commercially available hexamethylenimine and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure-directing agents to synthesize HMWW zeolite nanosheets via one step. A series of HMWW zeolite nanosheets with different disorder index (DI) were controllably prepared by adjusting the amount of CTAB, operating also as an in situ exfoliating agent, converting fructose into HMF in the tetrahydrofuran/NaCl-H2O biphasic solvent with low boiling point. Successful construction of disordered HMWW zeolite nanosheets was verified by PXRD. Further characterizations by BET, SEM and TEM etc. show that HMWW4.0 with the optimum DI of 0.67 has a disordered network-like arrangement of layers with the external surface area of 224 m2/g and the mesoporous size of 3.5 nm. Catalytic evaluations showed that HMF selectivity was closely related to DI of the catalysts. Under the optimized DI, fructose molecules are readily accessible to acidic sites on the external surface while larger external surface area is exposed. The HMWW4.0 zeolite catalyzed fructose dehydration in the biphasic solvent, producing 90% HMF selectivity with 93% fructose conversion at 140 °C for 6 h. In the reuses of the HMWW4.0 catalyst, HMF selectivity was around 90% with fructose conversion decreasing by ca. 10% after six runs, indicating that it possesses the promising stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Two wheat–Ae. longissima translocation chromosomes (1BS·1SlL and 1SlS·1BL) were transferred into three commercial wheat varieties, and the new advanced lines showed improved bread-making quality compared to their recurrent parents. Aegilops longissima chromosome 1Sl encodes specific types of gluten subunits that may positively affect wheat bread-making quality. The most effective method of introducing 1Sl chromosomal fragments containing the target genes into wheat is chromosome translocation. Here, a wheat–Ae. longissima 1BS·1SlL translocation line was developed using molecular marker-assisted chromosome engineering. Two types of translocation chromosomes developed in a previous study, 1BS·1SlL and 1SlS·1BL, were introduced into three commercial wheat varieties (Ningchun4, Ningchun50, and Westonia) via backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. Advanced translocation lines were confirmed through chromosome in situ hybridization and genotyping by target sequencing using the wheat 40 K system. Bread-making quality was found to be improved in the two types of advanced translocation lines compared to the corresponding recurrent parents. Furthermore, 1SlS·1BL translocation lines displayed better bread-making quality than 1BS·1SlL translocation lines in each genetic background. Further analysis revealed that high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) contents and expression levels of genes encoding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) were increased in 1SlS·1BL translocation lines. Gliadin and gluten-related transcription factors were also upregulated in the grains of the two types of advanced translocation lines compared to the recurrent parents. This study clarifies the impacts of specific glutenin subunits on bread-making quality and provides novel germplasm resources for further improvement of wheat quality through molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The logistic supply for Space Station is very expensive and difficult compared with any other human natural exploration activities due to launch costs and challenges, and the logistic problems of establishing bases on the Moon and Mars in the future will be more prominent. Especially for emergencies, the losses caused by ground support delay will be immeasurable. Considering the successful maintenance of the Hubble Telescope and operations on the ISS, one of the most effective methods to solve the logistic supply problem is to enhance the capability of self-maintenance and support of the facilities. Through the participation of astronauts and a series of tools and technical support, the capability of self-maintenance and support of the facilities can be effectively improved. For this purpose, the on-orbit Maintenance and Manipulation Workbench (MMW) has been developed and installed on the Mengtian Lab Module (MLM) of the Chinese Space Station (CSS) to provide an enclosed working area for on-orbit fault diagnosis, maintenance, and manual or mechanical operations for the payload. This paper introduces the development and functions of the MMW on the MLM. In the limited rack space and limited resources, the MMW provides a 380-L work volume, 1000-W DC power with a versatile supply interface (100, 28, and 12 Vdc), 800-W cooling capability, video and data recording and real-time downlink capabilities, ground commanding capability, wastes (waste gases and waste particles) treatment capabilities. With these capabilities, the MMW is an ideal platform to support the operation and test verification of fine mechanical operations, structural and electronic assembly of scientific experiments and technical experiments in the cabin, and to support the development of space robots and telescience technology experiments. Areas of research that will benefit from investigations in the MMW include fluid physics, materials science, combustion science, on-orbit maintenance and manipulation, and advanced life support technologies. The mechanical, electrical and thermal control subsystems are discussed separately. Special tests for the treatment of wastes have been carried out to verify the capabilities. The development of the MMW will surely enhance the space research in the forthcoming long-term activities of CSS. • The MMW has been successfully installed on the CSS. • A "space maintenance factory", an "assembly workshop", or a laboratory. • Astronauts can complete complex operational tasks more easily and intuitively. • Explore more orbital experiments and applied research technologies. • Support for the forthcoming long-term activities of CSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rate constants for reaction of 3-methylhexane and 2-methylheptane with Cl atoms were obtained. • Gas-phase products, particle-phase products, and SOA yield of 3-methylhexane and 2-methylheptane with Cl atoms were analyzed. • The reaction mechanism and atmosphere lifetime of several mono-methyl branched alkanes were deduced. Branched alkanes are ubiquitous in the troposphere and play an important role in the chemical processes. In this work, the rate constants and products for the reaction of Cl atoms with 3-methylhexane and 2-methylheptane were measured at room temperature (298 ± 0.2 K) and atmospheric pressure using a conventional relative rate method. The rate constants of 3-methylhexane and 2-methylheptane in units of cm3/(mol·sec) are (3.09 ± 0.31) × 10−10 and (3.67 ± 0.40) × 10−10, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding atmospheric lifetime of the studied branched alkanes with Cl was 6.92-89.90 hours and 5.82-75.69 hours, respectively. The estimated atmospheric lifetimes indicated that the reaction with Cl atoms could be the most important atmospheric degradation pathway for 3-methylhexane and 2-methylheptane. Primary gas-phase products of the reactions were identified and quantified, and particle-phase products were also obtained. The atmosphere oxidation mechanism of Cl atoms with 3-methylhexane and 2-methylheptane is proposed. The SOA yields of 3-methylhexane and 2-methylheptane from the reaction of Cl atoms were determined to be 7.96% ± 0.89% and 13.35% ± 1.50% respectively. Overall, the results reveal that the primary loss process of branched alkanes is the reaction with Cl atoms, which impacts its degradation on a regional scale. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing quality monitoring method of dynamic compaction construction is costly and inefficient, and the measurement results for the falling distance of the hammer and the number of tamping times may even become completely ineffective in abnormal situations during the construction process, such as empty hook rise and early release hammer. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective measurement method based on time series model. Simulate the regular periodic motion state transformation in strong ramming construction by motion state discrimination model, combined with the prediction interval of running time estimation model to assist state discrimination, realizes real-time monitoring of anomalies as well as effective measurement of important construction parameters such as the tamping times and the falling distance of the hammer. Experimental results demonstrate that the method achieves accuracy of 100% under normal tamping conditions, and accuracy of no less than 95% even in tamping conditions involving abnormal behavior. • Constructed DCC state discrimination model based on bi-objective parallel features. • Proposed a method measuring tamping times using combined temporal-spatial features. • Established a model for estimating the duration of states based on prior data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WTe 2 thin films grown on sapphire by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition MOCVD. • Diethyl tellurium (DETe) and tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO) 6) precursors. • 1 T' phase WTe 2 forms in temperature window between 350 and 500 °C. • Carbon deposition from DETe dominates at higher growth temperatures and pressures. • Nanocrystalline films are largely c-axis oriented with additional twist and tilt. The growth of tungsten ditelluride (WTe 2) thin films on c-plane sapphire substrates was demonstrated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using tungsten hexacarbonyl (W(CO) 6) and diethyltelluride (DETe) as precursors for W and Te, respectively, in a H 2 carrier gas. The effects of substrate temperature, reactor pressure, precursor and carrier gas flow rates, and chalcogen-to-metal ratio on the WTe 2 growth rate and film properties were determined. Substrate temperatures less than 500 °C were required to deposit WTe 2 which was found to be beneficial to suppress simultaneous carbon deposition from the DETe precursor. The films exhibited a fine-grained morphology independent of growth temperature. The layered crystalline 1 T' phase of WTe 2 was confirmed using high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which revealed that the films were predominantly c-axis oriented with in-plane twist. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the WTe 2 films were stable in air for a few days but eventually exhibited oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A shape editing approach of single-DoF thick-panel deployable structures is proposed. • The mobility of thick-panel deployable structures is analyzed using screw theory. • The design of novel solar panels and space exposing platforms is further explored. Thick-panel deployable structures have great engineering prospects in aerospace large-scale structures. However, achieving any desired shape of the deployable structure without seams, compact folding, and single-degree-of-freedom (single-DoF) deployment is a significant challenge for aerospace engineering applications. In this study, we propose an approach to edit the shape of kirigami-inspired thick-panel structures that enable single-DoF flat deploying and compact folding. First, based on two-vertex six-crease kirigami-inspired TPUs, modular assembly of single-DoF thick-panel deployable structures are achieved. Second, the single-DoF characteristics of resulting thick-panel structures are verified using screw theory and topology. Third, panel cutting and merging of the assembled thick-panel structures is performed to ensure the topological closed-loop characteristics in the desired shape of the structures while maintaining its single-DoF characteristics. In addition, their potential engineering applications in space solar arrays and exposing platforms are further explored. The proposed method provides some references for the design of future thick-panel deployable structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Capacitor films with a thickness of only 3.8 μm were prepared using industrial-largescale processing (biaxial stretching). • The addition of COC increases the lamellar thickness and decreases the molecular chain activity of PP. • The high-temperature breakdown strength and charge/discharge properties of the blended film are significantly improved compared with that of pure BOPP film. In recent decades, enhancing the high-temperature resistance of capacitor films was a research focus, but largescale-producing high-temperature resistant films remains a difficult issue. Herein, we illustrate a series of biaxially orientated polypropylene (BOPP)/cycloolefin copolymer (COC) blended films with a thickness of 3.8 μm prepared by biaxial-stretching. The structural evolution from casting to biaxial stretching was investigated to assess the feasibility of its largescale- processing. The addition of COC improves the orientation-inducing effect of the shearing and stretching field on polypropylene (PP) crystallization, leading a notable increase in lamellar thickness. Meanwhile, the rigid COC increases the activation energy of chain segment movement and decelerates chain relaxation dynamic, thereby increasing trap depth & density to inhibit the migration of charge carriers which reduces the probability of electric breakdown at high temperature. At 120 °C, the blend films exhibited a breakdown field strength 60 % higher than that of the pure BOPP film (from 252.1 MV/m to 402.8 MV/m). When the pure BOPP film completely failed at 105 °C, the blended films still achieved 78 % discharge efficiency and an energy density of 1.31 J/cm3 at 110 °C & 450 MV/m. Coupled with device capacitance and durability, these films are expected to achieve practical industrial-scale processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperalgesia occurs in the orofacial region of rats when estrogen levels are low, although the specific mechanism needs to be investigated further. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the transmission of pain signals. This study aimed to explore the role of oxidative stress in orofacial hyperalgesia under low estrogen conditions. We firstly found an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant capacity within the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (SP5C) of rats after ovariectomy (OVX), resulting in oxidative stress and then a decrease in the orofacial pain threshold. To investigate the mechanism by which oxidative stress occurs, we used virus as a tool to silence or overexpress the excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) gene. Further investigation revealed that the regulation of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be achieved by regulating EAAT3, which in turn impacts the occurrence of oxidative stress. In summary, our findings suggest that reduced expression of EAAT3 within the SP5C of rats in the low estrogen state may decrease GSH content and increase ROS levels, resulting in oxidative stress and ultimately lead to orofacial hyperalgesia. This suggests that antioxidants could be a potential therapeutic direction for orofacial hyperalgesia under low estrogen conditions, though more research is needed to understand its mechanism. • Hyperalgesia occurs in the orofacial region of rats when estrogen levels are low. • Oxidative stress is a key element in the development of orofacial hyperalgesia. • EAAT3 can regulate the balance of GSH and ROS, and thus influences oxidative stress. • Antioxidant therapy may be an important direction in the treatment of orofacial pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile ammonia-mediated strategy is developed for the kinetically controlled synthesis of Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles on Ni(OH) 2 nanosheet arrays, in which the sample prepared with 2 M NH 3(aq) exhibits superior catalytic performance toward oxygen evolution reaction. [Display omitted] • Ammonia mediated hydrothermal decomposition of Co(NH 3) 6 3+ produces Co 3 O 4 NPs. • Ammonia decides the dissociation of Co(NH 3) 6 3+ to control the growth of Co 3 O 4 NPs. • Moderate dispersion of Co 3 O 4 NPs on Ni(OH) 2 increases active site number for OER. • Electron transfer from Ni(OH) 2 to the Co 3 O 4 phase boosts OER activity of Co 3 O 4 NPs. Co 3 O 4 is a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet its controllable synthesis has been challenging. Herein, a versatile approach is developed to fabricate Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) on diverse supports through the hydrothermal treatment of Co(NH 3) 6 3+ with an ammonia mediator. The ammonia is critical as it determines the dissociation kinetics of Co(NH 3) 6 3+, which in turn affects the nucleation and growth processes for kinetically controlling the size and dispersion of Co 3 O 4 NPs. The Co 3 O 4 NPs grown on 3D architectured Ni(OH) 2 nanosheet arrays (Co 3 O 4 @Ni(OH) 2) are applied as the catalysts for OER. Promoting by electron migration from Ni(OH) 2 to Co 3 O 4 to improve the intrinsic activity and the structural merits, the optimal Co 3 O 4 @Ni(OH) 2 exhibits excellent OER performance, showing a competitive η 100 of 399 mV and a small Tafel slope of 60 mV dec−1. This research presents a simple and efficient ammonia-mediated strategy to controllably synthesize Co 3 O 4 on various supports for OER and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of heterologous populations of immature bone marrow cells consisting of progenitor cells of macrophages, dendritic cells and granulocytes. Recent studies have revealed that the accumulation of MDSCs in the mouse spleen plays a pivotal role in suppressing the immune response following JEV infection. However, the mechanisms by which JEV induces MDSCs are poorly understood. Here, it was found that JEV infection induces mitochondrial damage and the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which further leads to the activation of TLR9. TLR9 deficiency decreases the M-MDSCs population and their suppressive function both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the increase of MHCⅡ expression on antigen-presenting cells and CD28 expression on T cells in TLR9−/− mice was positively correlated with M-MDSCs reduction. Accordingly, the survival rate of TLR9−/− mice dramatically increased after JEV infection. These findings reveal the connections of mitochondrial damage and TLR9 activation to the induction of M-MDSCs during JEV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• For the first time, we have achieved a measurement of the rotational Doppler effect in the laser feedback system. • We observed the frequency shift doubling phenomenon of the rotational Doppler effect under the self-mixing detection system. • We can simultaneously measure the object's speed and direction of rotation through a single measurement. • The method reported in this article can greatly improve the sensitivity of signal detection, thereby effectively increasing the detection distance. • It provides us with insight into the production of the RDE in the new regimes. The Doppler effect is a well-known phenomenon which has been widely applied in many areas. Less well-known than the traditional linear Doppler effect, the rotational Doppler effect (RDE) which arises from the transverse motion between the wave source and the object has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Here, we report on the demonstration of RDE in a laser self-mixing framework and provide high-sensitivity, auto-alignment rotational velocity (magnitude and direction) detection. This novel self-mixing rotational Doppler detection scheme is different from the existing rotational Doppler detection schemes, with its light source also acts as a signal amplifier. Further, in the vortex retarder-based self-mixing interferometry, we find that the feedback light experience twice the rotational Doppler shift compared to traditional RDE detection methods. At the same time, the direction of rotation can be discriminated with the help of the light frequency modulators, i.e., we can realize the detection of velocity vectors. We demonstrate the mode selection properties of the self-mixing detection framework and successfully realized the high signal-to-noise ratio measurement of the rotational speed, which is expected to greatly expand the detection capability of the RDE-based metrology in the long-range and weak signal detection conditions. This demonstration is of significance as it provides us with insight into the production of the RDE in the new regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The noise-like pulse (NLP) ultrafast fiber laser at 1.7 μm is obtained. • The fiber laser produces the output pulse energy of 4.19 nJ. • The shot-to-shot spectra can indicate that the NLP is actually a pulse envelope composed of chaotic pulses. • The system is simple and compact with all-fiber configuration. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the generation and real-time dynamics of noise-like pulses (NLPs) in a 1.7 μm ultrafast thulium-doped fiber laser with all-fiber structure. NLPs with a central wavelength of ∼ 1742.5 nm and a 3-dB spectral width of ∼ 10.95 nm could be observed with pulse energy up to 4.19 nJ. The dynamic characteristics of NLPs were explored by using time-stretch dispersive Fourier transformation technology, which shows that the NLPs actually consist of many chaotic small pulse envelopes with random and changeable energies. These experimental results indicate that NLPs are the intrinsic features of fiber lasers and hold significant importance for further academic research, which can contribute to the development and application of 1.7 μm fiber laser in fields such as biomedicine and short-range remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), with its excellent wear resistance and biocompatibility, has important application as artificial joints. The most commonly used method to improve its wear resistance is to introduce crosslinking through irradiation. However, free radicals are introduced after radiation, which are easy to cause inflammation in the human body. Some antioxidants, such as vitamin E (V E), need to be added. However, the addition of V E could reduce the crosslinking density of UHMWPE and worsen the wear resistance of the material. Therefore, obtaining new antioxidants that could eliminate free radicals without affecting or even improving the crosslinking density of materials during irradiation is an important subject worth exploring. In this paper, a kind of natural polyphenol substance, resveratrol (RSV), was introduced as a new antioxidant and crosslinking promoter during irradiation crosslinking of UHMWPE. RSV can better eliminate free radicals than V E and further improve the crosslinking density to obtain UHMWPE materials with excellent oxidation resistance and high wear resistance. The multi-active phenolic hydroxyl structure of RSV molecule provides its free-radical trapping ability, and the appropriate molecular size of RSV may promote the H -type crosslinking of UHMWPE, thereby increasing the crosslinking density. This work provides a new pathway for developing high-performance artificial joint prosthesis materials. [Display omitted] • A kind of natural polyphenol substance, resveratrol (RSV), is introduced as a new antioxidant and crosslinking promoter for the irradiation-crosslinked UHMWPE. • RSV can effectively eliminate free radicals due to its free radical trapping ability provided by the multi-active phenolic hydroxyl structure. • The appropriate molecular size of RSV may promote the H -type crosslinking of UHMWPE, thereby increasing the crosslinking density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pantetheinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pantetheine, releasing pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and cysteamine as byproducts, which is associated with many physiological and pathological processes. In this work, a two-photon fluorescent probe PA-BAN for pantetheinase based on N-butyl-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore scaffold, was designed, synthesized, and developed for sensing the pantetheinase activity in various scenarios. In consideration of the catalytic characteristics and substrate preference of pantetheinase, we selected pantothenic acid (PA) as the recognition group and conjugated it to the fluorophore through amidation reaction. The fluorescence intensity of PA-BAN displayed an ideal linear correlation with the concentration of pantetheinase in vitro , with a detection limit of 0.18 ng/mL. PA-BAN also performed well for the visualizing of pantetheinase in live cells, zebrafish, and tissue slices. Moreover, given the pivotal role of pantetheinase in the host's resistance to malaria infection, PA-BAN was utilized to assess the serum pantetheinase activity of Plasmodium -infected mice. We observed a potential link between serum pantetheinase levels and infection severity, especially concerning cerebral malaria (CM) in the experiments of mice. Low serum pantetheinase levels potentially indicate high susceptibility to CM, making it serve as risk factor for individuals infected with malaria. Thus, the utility of PA-BAN in measuring serum pantetheinase levels could add to current diagnostic toolkit for malaria infection, contributing to a more comprehensive assessment of malaria infection. [Display omitted] • A two-photon fluorescent probe displaying notable sensitivity, selectivity, and ideal optical properties. • Fluorescence imaging capability in living cells, zebrafish, and deep tissue. • Addition to existing diagnostic toolkit for malaria infection, facilitating comprehensive assessment of the infection. • Potential association between serum pantetheinase levels and malaria infection severity, particularly cerebral malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel and reliable method for nondestructive testing of typical defects in PE pipes based on terahertz detection technology. • An effective detection scheme that can distinguish the minimum 2 mm feature size of prefabricated defects experimentally. • The first establishment of the corresponding rule between the characteristic defects of PE pipe and the detection signals of THZ wave. With the rapid development of the economy and society, non-metallic pipelines are more and more widely used in oil and gas fields, water supply projects, urban gas systems, and so on. Among the conventional nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, only ultrasonic, radiographic, and penetration testing tools are applicable to non-metallic pipe examination from a theoretical perspective, while their actual efficiency is quite low. In this work, terahertz (THz) non-destructive detection of typical welding defects in polyethylene-pipe hot melt joints is carried out. The characteristic THz wave signal is obtained, and the relationship between the THz wave and the defect type is established. Finally, a THz signal processing model for defect detection in polyethylene-pipe hot melt joints is established. Thus, this research lays a foundation for the application of the THz non-destructive testing technology to polyethylene pipeline engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The avoidance of multiple space debris collisions by autonomous spacecraft has garnered significant interests worldwide. Applying deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to autonomous spacecraft collision avoidance problems is still difficult because of limitations on constraint satisfaction and environment state perception, even if DRL is a suitable model-free and data-driven framework. In this research, a state-of-the-art penalized proximal policy optimization (P3O) method is applied to address the spacecraft's autonomous collision avoidance problem, which is formalized as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP). In contrast with traditional DRL methods, P3O promises to satisfy multiple constraints in actual spaceship operations while also facilitating efficient learning in multi-dimensional, continuous state and action spaces. The scalability of the P3O algorithm is enhanced by combining the feature extraction capabilities and variable-length input capabilities of the long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, enabling the P3O to adapt to a variable number of space debris without the need for network retraining. The performance of the proposed method is compared with other five methods through simulation cases, which verifies the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of scalability, energy consumption, collision probability and constraint satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of trade-embodied carbon emissions has frequently been a contestation in international climate negotiations. The proposed shared responsibility approach developed by Jakob et al. (2021) is based on economic benefits derived from generating emissions without paying for associated social costs, which are represented by the carbon price. The impacts of the real tariffs on economic benefits were not considered. Here, we improve the proposed approach by introducing the real import and export tariffs and using tariff and elasticity data specified at both country- and sector-level. We re-investigate the responsibility for trade-embodied carbon emissions sharing between 141 economies for 2017. Results show that the improved shared responsibility approach leads to a less extreme distribution of responsibility among countries. The top three emitters, China, the EU27, and the USA, were allocated 939, 761, and 702 million tons of trade-embodied carbon emissions that are 32% below, 39% above, and 50% above production-based emissions and 62% above, 17% below, and 33% below consumption-based emissions, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the impacts of introducing tariffs and raising carbon prices on responsibility distribution and find that both will increase import-embodied responsibility and decrease export-embodied responsibility and thus favor net exporters of carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first applying SrTiO 3 semiconductor as a photocatalyst in organic synthesis and using NPh 3 as a redox catalyst in photocatalysis was reported. With SrTiO 3 as the heterogeneous photocatalyst, NPh 3 as the homogeneous redox catalyst, H-bond as the promoter, paraformaldehyde as the cheap and atom economic methylene source, various 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydrobenzo[ d ]imidazo[1,5- b ]isothiazole 5,5-dioxides can be efficiently synthesized through the visible-light-induced cascade decarboxylative coupling/annulation reaction. [Display omitted] • Commercial SrTiO 3 semiconductor was firstly used for photocatalytic organic synthesis. • NPh 3 was firstly used as a redox catalyst in semiconductor photocatalysis. • Paraformaldehyde was used as the cheap and atom economic methylene source. • SrTiO 3 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for at least five catalytic cycles. The first applying SrTiO 3 semiconductor as a photocatalyst in organic synthesis and using NPh 3 as a redox catalyst in photocatalysis was reported. With SrTiO 3 as the heterogeneous photocatalyst, NPh 3 as the homogeneous redox catalyst, H-bond as the promoter, paraformaldehyde as the cheap and atom economic methylene source, various 1,2,3,9b-tetrahydrobenzo[ d ]imidazo[1,5- b ]isothiazole 5,5-dioxides can be efficiently synthesized through the visible-light-induced cascade decarboxylative coupling/annulation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Shale oil–water horizontal flow pattern maps are proposed. • Pressure gradient models of shale oil–water flow are modified. • Surface wettability reduces the friction between the oil phase and the pipe wall. • Oil film and oil-sticking layer increase the pipe flow resistance. With the growing demand for hydrocarbon resources and the depletion of conventional oil and gas reservoirs, the development of shale oil will become popular. As the shale oil fields gradually enter the middle and late stages of exploitation, the water content reaches as high as 60–80 %. Analyzing the flow characteristics of shale oi–water flow during high water content can help optimize the range of flow parameters and improve pipeline transportation efficiency. However, research on shale oil–water flow patterns and pressure drop prediction models is still lacking. Therefore, this work conducted shale oil–water flow experiments in the multi-test section pipe flow loop, considering the temperatures (40–70 °C), mixture velocity (0.2–1.2 m/s), and water contents (60–80 %). The flow patterns of shale oil–water flow are studied, and the flow pattern maps are created. Moreover, the influence factors on pressure gradient are analyzed, including pipe diameter, water content, mixture velocity, and temperature. Eventually, the pressure drop prediction models are modified based on the pressure gradient and holdup experimental data. The results show that a thin oil film and an oil-sticking layer are adhered to the pipe wall at 40 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The mixture velocity increased from 0.4 m/s to 1.2 m/s, and the pressure gradient increased by 69.89 % when the temperature and water content are constant. The lubrication coefficient is introduced in stratified flow (ST) and three-phase stratified flow (TPS) models, and the pipe flow friction coefficient is modified in dispersed flow (DF) and intermittent flow (IF) models. Moreover, the average relative deviations between experimental data and calculated values of ST, TPS, DF, and IF modified models are 4.49 %, 4.23 %, 4.40 % and 5.17 %, respectively. Therefore, surface wettability reduces the friction between the oil phase and the pipe wall, and the oil film and oil-sticking layer increase the pipe flow resistance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This was the largest CTP studies in aSAH, and patients' data were collected prospectively. • Our result demonstrated a novel application scenario for RAPID software. • An elevated preoperative CBFI volume was significantly associated with adverse outcomes in aSAH. • Development and validation of similar parameters might be helpful for future aSAH emergency care. Early hypoperfusion changes exist in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We aimed to investigate a readily obtainable quantitative computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameter that could assist in quickly identifying patients at risk of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor 90-day functional outcomes on admission. We prospectively collected data between 2021.04 and 2022.12. Preoperative CTP data were post-processed using RAPID software. The cortical blood flow insufficiency (CBFI) was defined as Time-to-maximum > 4.0 s. Patients were categorized into four groups according to CBFI volume distribution. To minimize differences among the groups, we employed stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW). The primary outcome was DCI and poor 90-day functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, 3–6) was the secondary outcome. Multivariable Cox or Logistic analysis were performed to estimate the association between CBFI volume and the study outcomes, both before and after sIPTW. At baseline, the mean (SD) age of the 493 participants was 55.0 (11.8) years, and 299 (60.6%) were female. One hundred and seven participants with DCI and eighty-six participants with poor 90-day functional outcomes were identified. After sIPTW, CBFI volume demonstrated a significant association with DCI (Cox regression: Group 4 versus Group 1, HR 3.69, 95% CI 1.84–7.01) and poor 90-day functional outcomes (Logistic regression: Group 4 versus Group 1, OR 4.61, 95% CI 2.01–12.50). In this study, an elevated preoperative CBFI volume was associated with adverse outcomes in aSAH patients. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kiwifruits are vulnerable to gray mold, and although the beneficial impacts of riboflavin on plant immunity have been acknowledged, there is a limited exploration into the influence of riboflavin photosensitization on gray mold. The impacts on gray mold susceptibility in postharvest kiwifruit were investigated at 25 °C for 8 d, and underlying mechanisms regarding oxidative stress, energy, jasmonic acid (JA), and sugars were evaluated. The morphological results showed that photosensitized riboflavin reduced the severity of gray mold. Biochemical and molecular assays indicated that riboflavin enhanced energy status, JA biosynthesis, glucose accumulation, and ameliorated oxidative stress, irrespective of photosensitization. Notably, photosensitized riboflavin exhibited three distinct effects: heightened impacts on oxidative stress and JA production; sustained electron transport chain activity without energy level increase; delayed early sucrose degradation. Collectively, these findings underscore the pivotal roles played by photosensitization-primed responses involving early stimulation of JA biosynthesis, and compromise of sucrose degradation, in enhancing resistance to gray mold in kiwifruit. • Riboflavin photosensitization benefited gray mold resistance in kiwifruit. • Oxidative stress was alleviated by the treatment. • Electron transport was maintained without increasing energy compounds. • Jasmonic acid accumulation was accelerated. • Early sucrose degradation was compromised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit decay and toxin contamination caused by pathogenic fungi have attracted public attention. As the causal agent of blue mold, Penicillium expansum has caused serious losses to various fruit. Additionally, P. expansum produces patulin, a carcinogenic toxin that can contaminate fruit and fruit products. Wuyiencin has been widely used to control fungal diseases. However, the inhibitory effects of wuyiencin on P. expansum and its mechanisms of action are still unclear. In this study, the effects of wuyiencin on the growth, spore germination, virulence and patulin production of P. expansum were investigated. Possible mechanisms were examined and verified by transcriptomic analysis, RT-qPCR, FDA/PI staining and cell leakage detection. Wuyiencin inhibited the growth, spore germination, virulence and patulin production of P. expansum. A large number of genes encoding membrane proteins were up-regulated and expressed. However, genes encoding membrane-bound organelles were down-regulated under wuyiencin treatment. The integrity of the cell membrane was destroyed. In addition, the expression of some genes related to patulin synthesis and translation/protein processing was altered. These results suggested that wuyiencin effectively controlled the growth, spore germination, virulence, and patulin production of P. expansum by destroying cell membrane integrity and altering the expression of patulin synthesis-related genes and translation/protein processing related genes. • Wuyiencin inhibited the growth, virulence and patulin production of P. expansum. • Wuyiencin could disrupt the cell membrane integrity of P. expansum. • Patulin synthesis-related genes expression in P. expansum were altered by wuyiencin. • Wuyiencin altered the expression of translation/protein processing-related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tertiary mutation C797S in the structural domain of the EGFR kinase is a common cause of resistance to third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, we used a potent, selective and irreversible inhibitor, BDTX-189, to target EGFR C797S triple mutant cells for cell activity. The study constructed the H1975–C797S (EGFR L858R/T790 M/C797S) cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 method and investigated its potential as a fourth-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor via chemosensitivity approach. The results demonstrated its ability to induce cytotoxic effects, and inhibit EGFR L858R/T790 M/C797S cell growth and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, BDTX-189 reduces the protein phosphorylation levels of EGFR, ERK, and AKT, promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, BDTX-189 not only inhibits common EGFR triple mutations but also effectively inhibits EGFR L858R mutation and EGFR L858R/T790 M mutation. These findings support the cytotoxic effect of BDTX-189 and its inhibitory effect on cell division and proliferation with the EGFR C797S triple mutation. • A triple-mutant EGFR L858R/T790 M/C797S cell lines (H1975–C797S) was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 method. • A new selective EGFR inhibitor, BDTX-189, inhibits EGFR C797S cell proliferation. • BDTX-189 induces apoptosis on EGFR L858R, L858R/T790 M and L858R/T790 M/C797S cell lines. • BDTX-189 inhibits cell activity through the ERK and AKT pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerical dispersion phenomenon in the finite-difference forward modeling simulations of the wave equation significantly affects the imaging accuracy in acoustic reflection logging. This issue is particularly pronounced in the reverse time migration (RTM) method used for shear-wave (S-wave) logging imaging. This not only affects imaging accuracy but also introduces ambiguities in the interpretation of logging results. To address this challenge, this study proposes the use of a least-squares difference coefficient optimization algorithm aiming to suppress the numerical dispersion phenomenon in the RTM of S-wave reflection imaging logging. By optimizing the difference coefficients, the high-precision finite-difference algorithm serves as an effective operator for both forward and backward RTM processes. This approach is instrumental in eliminating migration illusions, which are often caused by numerical dispersion. The effectiveness of this optimized algorithm is demonstrated through numerical results, which indicate that it can achieve more accurate forward imaging results across various conditions, including high- and low-velocity strata, and is effective in both large and small spatial grids. The results of processing real data demonstrate that numerical dispersion optimization effectively reduces migration artifacts and diminishes ambiguities in logging interpretations. This optimization offers crucial technical support to the RTM method, enhancing its capability for accurately modeling and imaging S-wave reflections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An imbalanced gut microflora may contribute to immune disorders in neonates due to an immature gut barrier. Bacterial toxins, particularly, can trigger the immune system, potentially resulting in uncontrolled gut and systemic inflammation. Previous research has revealed that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) could protect against early-life pathogen infections by enhancing the gut barrier. However, the effects of B. lactis on a compromised immune system remain uncertain. Hence, this study concentrated on the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of B. lactis in neonatal rats intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial toxin and inflammatory mediator. First, B. lactis significantly alleviated the adverse effects induced by LPS on the growth, development, and body temperature of neonatal rats. Second, B. lactis significantly reduced the immune responses and damage induced by LPS, affecting both systemic and local immune responses in the peripheral blood, gut, and brain. Notably, B. lactis exhibited extra potent neuroprotective and neurorepair effects. Our research found that pre-treatment with B. lactis shaped the diverse gut microecology by altering both microbial populations and metabolic biomolecules, closely linked to immunomodulation. Overall, this study elucidated the multifaceted roles of B. lactis in neonatal hosts against pathogenic infection and immune disorder, revealing the existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. • B. lactis markedly alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in neonatal rats. • B. lactis demonstrated great neuroprotection in neonatal rats facing LPS challenge. • B. lactis contributes to shaping the gut microbiota and metabolites. • Various strains showed both common and unique modifications in gut metabolites. • The existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumors contribute significantly to human mortality. Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment for tumors. However, due to the low selectivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, immune cells can be damaged during antitumor treatment, resulting in toxicity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can stimulate immune cells to respond to foreign substances. Here, we found that 10 ng/mL LPS could induce tolerance to antitumor drugs in macrophages without altering the effect of the drugs on tumor cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between cells before and after LPS administration using transcriptome sequencing and found to be mainly associated with ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-resistant transporters and glutathione S-transferase (GST). LPS was shown by qRT-PCR and western blotting to promote the expression of ABCC1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 by 38.3 %, 194.8 %, and 27.0 %. Furthermore, three inhibitors (inhibitors of GST, glutathione synthesis, and ABCC1) were used for further investigation, showing that these inhibitors reduced macrophage survival rates by 44.0 %, 52.3 %, and 43.3 %, while the intracellular adriamycin content increased by 28.9 %, 42.9 %, and 51.3 %, respectively. These findings suggest that the protective mechanism of LPS on macrophages is associated with increased GST activity, the consumption of glutathione, and increased expression of ABCC1 protein. Therefore, LPS has a potential role in enhancing immunity. • It is found for the first time that 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide could induce macrophages to tolerate damage caused by antitumor drugs without altering the effect of antitumor drugs on tumor cells • Through transcriptome sequencing, it is known that the protection mechanism of LPS is related to ABC and GST family. • The protection mechanism of LPS is to increase the activity of glutathione S-transferase enzyme, consume glutathione and efflux drugs by transporting drug-resistant protein ABCC1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • TRPM7 is associated with the proliferation, metastasis and inflammation of RA-FLSs. • TRPM7 increased IL-6 stability via the PKCα-HuR axis. • TRPM7 knockdown effectively attenuated synovial hyperplasia and inflammation in AA rat. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a cation channel that plays a role in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet its involvement in synovial hyperplasia and inflammation has not been determined. We previously reported that TRPM7 affects the destruction of articular cartilage in RA. Herein, we further confirmed the involvement of TRPM7 in fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) proliferation, metastasis and inflammation. We observed increased TRPM7 expression in FLSs derived from human RA patients. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPM7 protected primary RA-FLSs from proliferation, metastasis and inflammation. Furthermore, we found that TRPM7 contributes to RA-FLS proliferation, metastasis and inflammation by increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Mechanistically, the PKCα-HuR axis was demonstrated to respond to Ca2+ influx, leading to TRPM7-mediated RA-FLS proliferation, metastasis and inflammation. Moreover, HuR was shown to bind to IL-6 mRNA after nuclear translocation, which could be weakened by TRPM7 channel inhibition. Additionally, adeno-associated virus 9-mediated TRPM7 silencing is highly effective at alleviating synovial hyperplasia and inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. In conclusion, our findings unveil a novel regulatory mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of RA and suggest that targeting TRPM7 might be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium signaling plays a crucial role as a second messenger in plant immune responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms that govern host responses to infections caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora capsici remain unclear. This study investigated the expression pattern of Nicotiana benthamiana calmodulin-like protein 30 (NbCML30) following infections. Our results reveal a significant downregulation of NbCML30 expression after S. sclerotiorum infection, with no changes observed in NbCML30 expression following P. capsici infection. Importantly, transient silencing of NbCML30 using tobacco rattle virus-mediated methods promoted infections caused by both S. sclerotiorum and P. capsici. In contrast, transgenic plants overexpressing NbCML30 exhibited a suppressive effect on the infections caused by S. sclerotiorum and P. capsici. Subsequent transcriptome sequencing uncovered that NbCML30 silencing markedly upregulated the expression of host endogenous genes, particularly activating pathways associated with protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. These findings highlight the affirmative regulatory role of NbCML30 in conferring resistance against necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, shedding light on its potential inhibitory mechanism. In conclusion, our study provides a theoretical basis for crop resistance genetic breeding strategies by elucidating the regulatory function of NbCML30 in plant defense against these pathogens. • Silencing NbCML30 enhances susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum and P. capsici infections. • Silencing NbCML30 activates pathways associated with endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). • NbCML30 overexpression inhibits S. sclerotiorum and P. capsici infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties and cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior of directed energy deposition (DED) and as-cast nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated. The DED-produced NAB alloy showed a finer microstructure, and the content of κ phases significantly decreased, improving yield strength (increased by 27.76%) and elongation (increased by 54.89%) of NAB alloy. The DED-produced NAB exhibited a more uniform microstructure, fewer high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), and twin boundaries (∑3), resulting in a weakened synergistic effect between corrosion and mechanical attack. Compared with the as-cast counterpart, the mass loss rate of DED-produced NAB decreased by 74.77%. ● Nickel-Aluminum Bronze components were fabricated by directed energy deposition. ● Differences in microstructure between DNAB and the CNAB were discussed. ● Fine and uniform microstructure of DNAB enhanced its mechanical properties. ● DNAB exhibited better cavitation erosion and -corrosion resistance than CNAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel magnetic COF material was first prepared. • The adsorbent could extract SAs effectively by multiple interactions. • A MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS for determination of trace SAs insecticides was developed. • Method was successfully applied to detect SAs in water and milk. This study aimed to design and synthesize a novel adsorbent Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MPA-TAPA-COF material for the first time and used as an adsorbent of MSPE. It had significant potential for the pretreatment of trace analytes. The MSPE was coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the rapid extraction and detection of 12 sulfonamides (SAs) from water and milk samples for the first time. Several experimental parameters were optimized, including adsorbent dosage and the effects of pH, ionic strength, adsorption time, and desorption conditions. Under the optimized pretreatment and instrumental conditions, good linearity of 0.1–100 μg·L−1 with a correlation coefficient 0.9994–0.9999, low limits of detection (0.004–0.044 μg·L−1) and limits of quantitation (0.013–0.136 μg·L−1) were obtained. Moreover, the recoveries of sulfonamides in water and milk samples were in the range of 60.88 %-102.94 %, and the relative standard deviations not exceeding 9.62 %. Finally, the magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MPA-TAPA-COF material possessed the magnetic separation and high adsorption affinity for extracting SAs from real samples. This study holds great significance in enhancing the monitoring of SAs drug residues in water and milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An imbalanced gut microflora may contribute to immune disorders in neonates due to an immature gut barrier. Bacterial toxins, particularly, can trigger the immune system, potentially resulting in uncontrolled gut and systemic inflammation. Previous research has revealed that Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) could protect against early-life pathogen infections by enhancing the gut barrier. However, the effects of B. lactis on a compromised immune system remain uncertain. Hence, this study concentrated on the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of B. lactis in neonatal rats intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial toxin and inflammatory mediator. First, B. lactis significantly alleviated the adverse effects induced by LPS on the growth, development, and body temperature of neonatal rats. Second, B. lactis significantly reduced the immune responses and damage induced by LPS, affecting both systemic and local immune responses in the peripheral blood, gut, and brain. Notably, B. lactis exhibited extra potent neuroprotective and neurorepair effects. Our research found that pre-treatment with B. lactis shaped the diverse gut microecology by altering both microbial populations and metabolic biomolecules, closely linked to immunomodulation. Overall, this study elucidated the multifaceted roles of B. lactis in neonatal hosts against pathogenic infection and immune disorder, revealing the existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. • B. lactis markedly alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in neonatal rats. • B. lactis demonstrated great neuroprotection in neonatal rats facing LPS challenge. • B. lactis contributes to shaping the gut microbiota and metabolites. • Various strains showed both common and unique modifications in gut metabolites. • The existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumors contribute significantly to human mortality. Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment for tumors. However, due to the low selectivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, immune cells can be damaged during antitumor treatment, resulting in toxicity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can stimulate immune cells to respond to foreign substances. Here, we found that 10 ng/mL LPS could induce tolerance to antitumor drugs in macrophages without altering the effect of the drugs on tumor cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between cells before and after LPS administration using transcriptome sequencing and found to be mainly associated with ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-resistant transporters and glutathione S-transferase (GST). LPS was shown by qRT-PCR and western blotting to promote the expression of ABCC1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 by 38.3 %, 194.8 %, and 27.0 %. Furthermore, three inhibitors (inhibitors of GST, glutathione synthesis, and ABCC1) were used for further investigation, showing that these inhibitors reduced macrophage survival rates by 44.0 %, 52.3 %, and 43.3 %, while the intracellular adriamycin content increased by 28.9 %, 42.9 %, and 51.3 %, respectively. These findings suggest that the protective mechanism of LPS on macrophages is associated with increased GST activity, the consumption of glutathione, and increased expression of ABCC1 protein. Therefore, LPS has a potential role in enhancing immunity. • It is found for the first time that 10 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide could induce macrophages to tolerate damage caused by antitumor drugs without altering the effect of antitumor drugs on tumor cells • Through transcriptome sequencing, it is known that the protection mechanism of LPS is related to ABC and GST family. • The protection mechanism of LPS is to increase the activity of glutathione S-transferase enzyme, consume glutathione and efflux drugs by transporting drug-resistant protein ABCC1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pre-freezing treatment could increase the cell membrane permeability and reduce cell wall's storage modulus of purple sweet potatoes. • Pre-freezing treatment could improve the puffing volume, texture and porosity of radio frequency explosion puffing (RFEP) purple sweet potato chips, and better retaining anthocyanin content. • Higher freezing temperatures and more freezing times would cause the collapse of the tissue structure, restrict the migration of internal water, and hinder volume expansion. • Samples frozen once at −40°C had the best puffing quality and overall acceptability. Radio frequency explosion puffing (RFEP) is a novel oil-free puffing technique used to produce crispy textured and nutritious puffed snacks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of freezing at different temperatures (−20 °C, −40 °C, −80 °C) for14 h and freezing times (1 and 2 times) on the cellular structure of purple sweet potato and the quality of RFEP chips. The analysis of cell microstructure, conductivity, and rheology revealed that higher freezing temperatures and more freezing times resulted in increased damage to the cellular structure, leading to greater cell membrane permeability and decreased cell wall stiffness. However, excessive damage to cellular structure caused tissue structure to collapse. Compared with the control group (4 °C), the RFEP sample pre-frozen once at −40 °C had a 47.13 % increase in puffing ratio and a 61.93 % increase in crispness, while hardness decreased by 23.44 % (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in anthocyanin retention or color difference. X-ray microtomography demonstrated that the RFEP sample pre-frozen once at −40 °C exhibited a more homogeneous morphology and uniform pore distribution, resulting in the highest overall acceptability. In conclusion, freezing pre-treatment before RFEP can significantly enhance the puffing quality, making this an effective method for preparing oil-free puffing products for fruits and vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different initial moisture contents (15–55%) and moisture equilibrium process (MEP) on the mechanical properties of the gas-blocking surface layer of purple sweet potato chips and the radio frequency (RF) heating rate, uniformity, and radio frequency explosion puffing (RFEP) quality were discussed in this article. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that hot-air pre-drying reduced the amount of free water and caused the transfer of immovable water to bound water. This process was accompanied by an increase in the thickness and elastic modulus of the gas-blocking surface layer, resulting in a significant increase in the RF heating rate and uniformity. Prolonged RF heating time led to a decrease in anthocyanin content. The results demonstrated that the puffing rate initially increased and then decreased with increasing initial moisture content. The puffed sample with an initial moisture content of 45% exhibited the highest puffing rate, crispiness, and porosity. X-ray micro-tomography results reveal that MEP improved the morphology of puffed products, ensuring even distribution of small pores and reducing the presence of hard edges. In conclusion, considering the heating time and anthocyanin retention rate, the initial moisture content ranges from 35% to 45% after MEP was the best pre-treatment. [Display omitted] • Hot-air pre-drying led to the gradual disappearance of free water and the transfer of immovable water to bound water in purple sweet potato chips; • As initial moisture content decreased, the thickness and elastic modulus of the gas-blocking surface layer increased, while RF heating rate and heating uniformity decreased; • As initial moisture content increased, the puffing rate, crispness and pores first increased and then decreased, with the optimal moisture content of 45%; • Moisture equilibrium process (MEP) could improve puffed products' morphology by diffusing the moisture distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the ways in which macrophages support tumorigenic growth is by producing adenosine, which acts to dampen antitumor immune responses and is generated by both tumor and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Two cell surface expressed molecules, CD73 and CD39, boost catalytic adenosine triphosphate, leading to further increased adenosine synthesis, under hypoxic circumstances in the TME. There are four receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) expressed on macrophages that allow adenosine to perform its immunomodulatory effect. Researchers have shown that adenosine signaling is a key factor in tumor progression and an attractive therapeutic target for treating cancer. Several antagonistic adenosine-targeting biological therapies that decrease the suppressive action of tumor-associated macrophages have been produced and explored to transform this result from basic research into a therapeutic advantage. Here, we'll review the newest findings from studies of pharmacological compounds that target adenosine receptors, and their potential therapeutic value based on blocking the suppressive action of macrophages in tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films have significant rigidity due to the large number of hydrogen bonds within and between molecular chains. This feature hinders their industrial applications. Small molecule plasticizers can effectively improve the toughness of PVA films. However, this improvement decreases their modulus and strength. In this study, the effect of individual plasticizer, namely, diethanolamine (DEA), glycerol (GLY), and H 2 O, on the mechanical properties was first studied. It was found that adding an individual plasticizer increase the toughness but decrease the modulus for all the three plasticized PVA films, with DEA decreased least. Then, the property changes caused by of H 2 O and plasticizer content in two synergic plasticizing systems of DEA/H 2 O and GLY/H 2 O were systematically investigated and compared to demonstrate further the different effects of DEA and GLY on the toughness and modulus of the PVA film. Results indicated that the modulus and toughness of PVA casted film with a 10% DEA content improved after the addition of 3% H 2 O for the DEA/H 2 O plasticizing system. Despite a large improvement in toughness, the strength was always largely reduced with the increase in H 2 O or GLY content for the GLY/H 2 O system. The infrared spectrum results showed that H 2 O could be physically combined with both PVA and DEA to construct a cross-linked hydrogen bond network, because of the relatively strong electronegativity of the N atom in DEA. However, forming such a cross-linked hydrogen bond network in the GLY/H 2 O system is difficult. Thus, only a plasticizing effect was observed in the PVA/GLY/H 2 O films. Our work provides a better understanding of the effects of plasticizer and H 2 O on the hydrogen bonding and properties of PVA films to achieve toughness-strength balance via synergic plasticization. [Display omitted] • Investigate the synergistic plasticization effect between water and diethanolamine (DEA) or glycerol (GLY) on PVA films. • PVA/DEA films exhibit stronger strength and modulus after adding a small amount of water, while PVA/GLY films are different. • H 2 O can form hydrogen bonds with both PVA and DEA simultaneously, forming a complex hydrogen bonding cross-linking network. • Hydrogen bonding cross-linking network enables PVA/DEA films to have higher melting points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a cryptographic primitive supporting finer and richer access control, attribute-based encryption can provide more efficient, concise, secure and highly adaptive access control policies for cloud data, which has attracted the attention of many researchers. However, in a standard ABE scheme, the key can only be generated and issued by a central authority. The single authorization center has a heavy load and is vulnerable to attack. Once the center is paralyzed, it will bring serious security consequences. Multi-authorization center attribute encryption (MA-ABE) allows multiple parties to play an authoritative role, which can solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a MA-ABE scheme, which combines a global ID model, a two-stage sampling technique on a lattice and a monotonous linear secret sharing schemes (M-LSSS) to achieve a static security against arbitrary collusion in the random oracle model, in which the access policy of the scheme is expressed by DNF formula. Technically, our scheme is an improvement on the work of Datta et al. (2021), through this improvement, we can get shorter ciphertext and smaller key size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ho3+-doped BaGd 2 O 4 phosphors sensitized by Yb3+ or Nd3+/Yb3+ have been prepared by solid-state reaction method. Almost pure green UC emission was obtained under 808 nm and 980 nm excitations. The green color purity of BaGd 2 O 4 : Yb3+/Ho3+/Nd3+ phosphor exceeds 93 % in the temperature range of 303 K–483 K under the excitation of 808 nm, indicating an excellent color purity and color stability. [Display omitted] • Strong green emission was obtained in BaGd 2 O 4 : Nd3+/Yb3+/Ho3+ phosphors excited at 808 nm and 980 nm. • The green up-conversion luminescence process of Ho3+ was insensitive to the doping concentration and sample temperature. • The temperature sensitivity of Ho3+ keeps constant in a wide temperature range. • BaGd 2 O 4 : Nd3+/Yb3+/Ho3+ phosphors exhibit high green color purity at different temperatures. Ho3+-doped BaGd 2 O 4 phosphors sensitized by Yb3+ or Nd3+/Yb3+ have been prepared by solid-state reaction method. The effects of concentration and temperature on the up-conversion (UC) luminescence properties and the temperature sensing behavior of the samples were investigated. Intense green UC emission at around 550 nm and weak red UC emission at around 675 nm were obtained under both 808 nm and 980 nm excitations. The relationship between the UC luminescence spectra measured at different temperatures and excitation power densities was analyzed. The results confirmed that the green UC emissions of Ho3+ are two-photon processes, which is insensitive to the sample temperature and excitation wavelength, while the red UC emission under 980 nm excitation is affected by temperature. In addition, the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters of Ho3+-doped BaGd 2 O 4 phosphors were calculated by using the diffuse reflection spectra and fluorescence lifetime of Ho3+. By inspecting the temperature-varied fluorescence intensity ratio, the temperature sensing property of Nd3+/Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped BaGd 2 O 4 phosphor under the excitation of 980 nm was investigated and a constant sensitivity was obtained to be 3.2 × 10−4 K−1 within the temperature range of 303–483 K. The green color purity of BaGd 2 O 4 : Yb3+/Ho3+/Nd3+ phosphor exceeds 93 % in the temperature range of 303 K–483 K under the excitation of 808 nm, indicating an excellent color purity and color stability. The results indicate that Ho3+-doped BaGd 2 O 4 phosphors sensitized by Yb3+ or Nd3+/Yb3+ have potential application in temperature sensors and luminescence imaging in complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PEI is a cationic polymer, serving as a non-viral transfection carrier grounded in nanotechnology that enhances transfection efficiency via the proton sponge effect. RBM5 is an RNA-binding protein that can inhibit tumor development. This study involved the transfection of RBM5 in prostate cancer cells with PEI, Lipo2000, and their combination. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to observe invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells and flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis. Detect the expression of invasion and migration-related protein MMP9 through western blotting experiment. An activity detection kit was used to detect the activity of apoptotic protein caspase-3. We found that there was no significant difference in transfection efficiency when PEI and Lipo2000 were used alone but it significantly improved when they are combined. RBM5 reduced invasion, migration, and proliferation of prostate cancer and enhanced apoptosis. MMP9 expression was reduced, and the activity of caspase-3 was increased. PEI transfection could improve the inhibition of RBM5 on tumors more than Lipo2000. The inhibitory effect is more obvious when the two are used together. RBM5 transfected with PEI can amplify its inhibitory effect on prostate cancer, and this effect is more evident when combined with Lipo2000. • RBM5 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. • Transfection with PEI promoted the tumor inhibitory function of RBM5 compared with Lipo2000. • The co-transfection of PEI and Lipo2000 improved the transfection efficiency of RBM5 compared to individual transfections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power sector significantly contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, making its transition to low-carbon energy crucial for achieving carbon neutrality. Zhengzhou, recognized as one of the China's "National Central Cities", has a high energy demand. Its power sector, which is primarily reliant on coal, is responsible for half of the city's CO 2 emissions. The low emissions analysis platform (LEAP) model serves as an effective tool for exploring the power sector's transition to low-carbon sources. However, studies on the combined reduction in air pollutants and CO 2 at the city level are scarce. This study focuses on Zhengzhou's power sector, examining the power composition, coal usage, CO 2 and air pollutant emissions, social costs, and employment effects across five scenarios using LEAP. The five scenarios are the business-as-usual scenario, the reference scenario, the carbon neutrality scenario, and two optimization scenarios with different carbon peak and carbon neutrality time. CO 2 emissions will peak in 2030 at 34.6 Mt in the reference scenario, and in 2022 at 32.4 Mt in the carbon neutrality scenario. Emissions in the reference and carbon neutrality scenarios will decrease by 64.8% and 75.2%, respectively, from those in the business-as-usual scenario due to emission reduction strategies. In the carbon neutrality scenario, coal power reformation is the most significant measure, accounting for 45.7% of the total CO 2 reduction compared to that in the business-as-usual scenario, followed by the integration of external electricity (17.8%) and solar energy (13.6%). This scenario also demonstrated a strong synergistic effect on reducing air pollutants and CO 2 emissions. Although the carbon neutrality scenario incurs costs 60.4 billion yuan higher than those of the reference scenario, its CO 2 mitigation cost is 66.1 yuan/t lower. This indicated that more rapid CO 2 reduction, despite higher economic inputs, is justified by ambitious CO 2 reduction goals and environmental benefits. Enhancing the use of renewable energy technologies for research and development to lower costs could increase the economic feasibility of the carbon neutrality scenario. In the two optimization scenarios, complete elimination of CO 2 and air pollutant emissions is achieved by 2060, with all the electricity generated from renewable sources, although issues of uncertainty and stability need to be addressed. The study also highlights that renewable energy development will significantly boost employment, with an estimated 1.19 million jobs in 2060 in the carbon neutrality scenario. Finally, the paper concludes with a sensitivity analysis and offers policy recommendations for the power sector's low-carbon transition. [Display omitted] • Low-carbon transition paths of Zhengzhou power sector are investigated by scenario analysis. • Coal power reformation and external electricity are effective measures for CO 2 reduction. • Synergistic reduction of air pollutants and CO 2 is achieved in the CAN scenario. • The CAN scenario has a good cost-effectiveness of CO 2 mitigation. • Policy recommendations for Zhengzhou power sector are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's manufacturing sector faces pressure to reduce its carbon emissions embodied in foreign trade, yet the influence of the sector's structural and path characteristics on reducing embodied carbon emission (ECE) remains unclear. We developed a research framework to analyze the trade-embodied carbon transfer networks of China's 11 manufacturing industries with 48 economies from 2000 to 2019, identifying the key carbon transfer-in industries and paths. By integrating network characteristics, we assessed the ECE reduction pressure on key manufacturing industries and identified factors hindering its decline. ECE in China's manufacturing foreign trade increased by 273.1% from 2000 to 2019, with the ECE in exports to developing countries since 2012 (255.58 Mt) surpassing exports to developed countries (228.31 Mt). China's medium-low and medium-high technology manufacturing are key carbon transfer-in industries, observed large decreases in the importance of the carbon transfer-in paths from Europe, the United States, Japan, and South Korea, versus notable increases from the Row Asia and Pacific region. Metal manufacturing, non-metallic mineral manufacturing, and chemical manufacturing were the top three industries facing ECE reduction pressure. The network structure indicators obstruct the ECE reduction pressure in metal manufacturing, whereas the network path indicators obstruct the pressure in the other key manufacturing industries. To alleviate the ECE reduction pressure within China's manufacturing foreign trade, China's manufacturing sector should enhance trade cooperation with Asia–Pacific countries. The study's insights offer valuable references for China's formulation of domestic manufacturing emission reduction policies and its participation in international climate negotiations. • A novel framework lets us assess the embodied CO 2 reduction pressure. • China's manufacturing sector embodied CO 2 increased by 273.1% from 2000 to 2019. • China's medium technology manufacturing are key carbon transfer-in industries. • Metal manufacturing faced the highest embodied CO 2 reduction pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new hydrogen-bonding ruthenium complex [C 22 H 24 N 3 ] 2 [RuCl 6 ]·4CH 2 Cl 2 was reported. • The molecular structure of [C 22 H 24 N 3 ] 2 [RuCl 6 ]·4CH 2 Cl 2 has been analyzed. • This ruthenium complex effectively catalyzed the cascade reaction of indoles with aromatic aldehydes. A new hydrogen-bonding ruthenium complex [C 22 H 24 N 3 ] 2 [RuCl 6 ]·4CH 2 Cl 2 based on 8-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazo[1,5-a][1,8]naphthyridin-8-ium cation and RuCl 6 anion has been synthesized and its structure has been characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, UV–Vis and IR spectroscopy. The structure being formed by [RuCl 6 ]2− anion and 8-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazo[1,5-a][1,8] naphthyridin-8-ium cations. [C 22 H 24 N 3 ] 2 [RuCl 6 ]·4CH 2 Cl 2 crystallized in monoclinic system. The two-dimensional (2D) network structure layer was constructed through intermolecular hydrogen bonds (C H···Cl). This ruthenium complex showed high catalytic activity for the cascade reaction of indoles with aromatic aldehydes and high to excellent yields are obtained with 10 mol % catalysts loadings in MeOH under mild conditions. [Display omitted] A hydrogen-bonding ruthenium complex [C 22 H 24 N 3 ] 2 [RuCl 6 ]·4CH 2 Cl 2 has been synthesized, and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The activity of this ruthenium complex has been evaluated in the cascade reaction of indoles with aromatic aldehydes. Catalytic studies have shown that this ruthenium complex exhibits high catalytic activity for various aromatic aldehydes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory condition with a rising incidence and high mortality rates, especially in severe cases. Emodin (ED), known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, holds promise in addressing AP. However, its clinical application is hindered by limitations such as low bioavailability and insufficient target specificity. Herein, we developed a novel drug delivery system using macrophage membrane-coated UiO-66-NH 2 nanoparticles loaded with ED (MVs-UiO-ED). UiO-66-NH 2 was successfully synthesized and characterized, revealing an octahedral structure with a suitable size distribution. The successful loading of ED onto UiO-66-NH 2 was confirmed by ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, MVs-UiO-ED was prepared by coating macrophage membrane-derived vesicles onto UiO-ED, resulting in a biomimetic delivery system. In vitro release studies demonstrated that MVs-UiO-ED exhibited a sustained-release profile, indicating its potential for prolonged drug circulation. An AP mouse model was established to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of MVs-UiO-ED. Compared with the model group, MVs-UiO-ED significantly reduced serum levels of α-amylase and lipase, two indicators of pancreatitis severity. Furthermore, histopathological examinations revealed that MVs-UiO-ED ameliorated pancreatic tissue damage. This study underscores the potential of MVs-UiO-ED as an effective therapeutic approach for AP. [Display omitted] • Successfully synthesized UiO-66-NH 2 nanoparticles with an octahedral structure. • Confirmed ED loading onto UiO-66-NH 2 through ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. • Successfully developed MVs-UiO-ED, a biomimetic drug delivery system, demonstrating sustained-release properties. • MVs-UiO-ED displayed significant therapeutic efficacy in an AP mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pipeline elbow made of 304L stainless steel at a natural gas receiving station suffered a perforation failure after 6 years of service. • Standard failure analysis methods such as physical and chemical properties are used to analyze the root cause of failure. • The thinning of elbow wall and perforation failure are mainly caused by high pressure erosion. During the daily inspection process at a natural gas receiving station, ice was found to be present at the elbow of the pipeline, with a fog emerging from the elbow itself. This elbow was suspected of leaking. After investigation, it was found that the outer arc side of the elbow contained perforations resulting in the leaking of combustible gas. In this work, the causes for failure of such a low-temperature 304L stainless steel pipe elbow are analyzed and discussed. Macromorphological analysis, nondestructive testing analysis, chemical composition analysis, Charpy impact test, hardness test and microstructural analysis were performed to determine the root cause of the failure. The field investigation shows that the perforated failure pipe section is located downstream of the flow-limiting orifice plate, and that the pipe medium can contain small particles. Macroscopic observation reveals that the perforation defect is located at 3 points on the outer arc side, and the defect takes the shape of a bowl, with a perforation aperture diameter of approximately 0.7 mm. Microscopic observation reveals that the defective area has a honeycomb shape with tiny spheres on the surface, with many slip lines observed in the metallographic structure near the defect, indicating that the small deformation was caused by a large impact load. Based on the evidence of failure, the formation of the perforation defect is attributed to the excessive flow rate generated by the high pressure difference between the front and back sides of the single-stage orifice plate, which leads to the intensification of erosion. Moreover, when combined with the actual situation, it is found that the fine solid particles mixed in the medium can aggravate the thinning of the pipe wall section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]