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This work designed and synthesized the first organic fluorescent sensor for lutein in aqueous solutions based on blue to yellow fluorescence change of thiosemicarbazide‐bridged bis‐tetraphenylene (Bis‐TPE). By condensing monohydroxy tetraphenylene derivatives with p‐phenylene di‐isothiocyanate, Bis‐TPE was produced. A fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to scan the fluorescence emission spectra from 380 to 700 nm with 360 nm as the excitation wavelength. The fluorescence spectra showed that Bis‐TPE exhibited high selective sensing ability for lutein in aqueous medium, and the fluorescence showed red‐shift phenomenon with a limit of detection as low as 0.26 μM for lutein. The sensing mechanism was confirmed by mass spectrometry, infrared, and fluorescence Job's plots based on the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio of double hydrogen bonding. The successful application of Bis‐TPE in sensing test strips means that Bis‐TPE can achieve efficient detection of lutein in complex environments. As a result, an aggregation‐induced luminescence‐based lutein fluorescence sensor was constructed, which exhibited highly selective and sensitive sensing of lutein, and provided a new research idea for the object detection of such structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-performance electrochromic (EC) and electrofluorochromic (EFC) materials have garnered considerable interest due to their diverse applications in smart windows, optoelectronics, optical displays, military camouflage, etc. While many different EC and EFC polymers have been reported, their preparation often requires multiple steps, and their polymer molecular weights are subjected to batch variation. In this work, we prepared two triphenylamine (TPA)-based and two tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based derivatives functionalized with terminal styryl groups via direct Suzuki coupling with (4-vinylphenyl)boronic acid and vinylboronic acid pinacol ester. The two novel TPE derivatives exhibited green–yellow aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The EC and EFC properties of pre- and post-thermally treated derivatives spin-coated onto ITO–glass substrates were studied. While all four derivatives showed modest absorption changes with applied voltages up to +2.4 V, retaining a high degree of optical transparency, they exhibited obvious EFC properties with the quenching of blue to yellow fluorescence with IOFF/ON contrast ratios of up to 7.0. The findings therefore demonstrate an elegant approach to preparing optically transparent, heat-induced, cross-linkable styryl-functionalized EFC systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

cis‐Linked cyclotetraphenylene dimer [2]c‐CTPE and trimer [3]c‐CTPE were synthesized via Pt‐mediated cyclization of cis‐diboronated tetraphenylethene. The structure of [2]c‐CTPE has been confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The strain energy of [2]c‐CTPE and [3]c‐CTPE was calculated to be 86.28 ⋅ kJ mol−1 and 9.23 kJ ⋅ mol−1, respectively. [2]c‐CTPE and [3]c‐CTPE are typical AIEgens and show mechanofluorochromic properties. The comparisons of cis‐linked cyclotetraphenylenes with gem‐linked cyclotetraphenylenes were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two blue-emitting materials, 4-(12-([1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)chrysen-6-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (TPA-C-TP) and 6-([1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)-12-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)chrysene (TPE-C-TP), were prepared with the composition of a chrysene core moiety and terphenyl (TP), triphenyl amine (TPA), and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties as side groups. The maximum photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelengths of TPA-C-TP and TPE-C-TP were 435 and 369 nm in the solution state and 444 and 471 nm in the film state. TPA-C-TP effectively prevented intermolecular packing through the introduction of TPA, a bulky aromatic amine group, and it showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 86% in the film state. TPE-C-TP exhibited aggregation-induced emission; the PLQY increased dramatically from 0.1% to 78% from the solution state to the film state. The two synthesized materials had excellent thermal stability, with a high decomposition temperature exceeding 460 °C. The two compounds were used as emitting layers in a non-doped device. The TPA-C-TP device achieved excellent electroluminescence (EL) performance, with Commission Internationale de L′Eclairage co-ordinates of (0.15, 0.07) and an external quantum efficiency of 4.13%, corresponding to an EL peak wavelength of 439 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high luminescence dissymmetry factors and quantum yields in the solid state remains a significant challenge in developing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. This study presents the synthesis of double helices based on planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) and tetraphenylethylene (TPE), which exhibit chiroptical and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties. In particular, the double helix with long alkyl chains demonstrates tunable CPL activity driven by self‐assembly, exhibiting dissymmetry factors ranging from 10−4 to 10−2. Notably, doped PMMA films show an amplified dissymmetry factor of 0.058 and a high quantum yield of up to 51%. The designed molecules represent an ideal molecular functional material for generating efficient CPL with controllable dissymmetry factor and high emission efficiency in the solid state. This opens up possibilities for applications in chiroptical sensing, data storage, and light‐emitting devices based on solid‐state materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new π‐conjugated molecular structures with controlled self‐assembly and distinct photophysical properties is crucial for advancing applications in optoelectronics and biomaterials. This study introduces the synthesis and detailed self‐assembly analysis of tetraphenylethylene (TPE) functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI), a novel donor‐acceptor molecular structure referred to as TPE‐NDI. The investigation specifically focuses on elucidating the self‐assembly behavior of TPE‐NDI in mixed solvents of varying polarities, namely chloroform: methylcyclohexane (CHCl3: MCH) and chloroform: methanol (CHCl3: MeOH). Employing a several analytical methodologies, including UV‐Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), these self‐assembled systems have been comprehensively examined. The results reveal that TPE‐NDI manifests as distinct particles in CHCl3: MCH (fMCH=90 %), while transitioning to flower‐like assemblies in CHCl3: MeOH (fMeOH=90 %). This finding underscores the critical role of solvent polarity in dictating the morphological characteristics of TPE‐NDI self‐assembled aggregates. Furthermore, the study proposes a molecular packing mechanism, based on SEM data, offering significant insights into the design and development of functional supramolecular systems. Such advancements in understanding the molecular self‐assembly new π‐conjugated molecular structures are anticipated to pave the way for novel applications in material science and nanotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological descriptors have drawn more interest recently because of the simplicity of generation and quick evaluation times, by avoiding time-consuming laboratory experiments. The distance based descriptors stand out as being pivotal in the QSAR and QSPR analysis of physico-chemical aspects. Dendrimers are branching polymeric molecules distinguished by its systematic growth pattern. Non-conjugated Ethylene oxide dendritic core attached with tetraphenylethylene is one such hyper branched polymer with strong solubility in a majority of organic solvents making them an active constituent for a variety of experimental purposes. No significant amount of research has been carried over based on the topological aspects of this dendrimer. This study effectively establishes the correlation between the chemical and physical attributes of the structure which can further aid in experimental research. In this work, various fundamental distance based descriptors of Ethylene oxide cored dendrimer have been evaluated by converting the original graph to quotient graphs using Djokovic̀-Winkler relation. Moreover, a graphical comparison of these descriptors has also been plotted to help comprehend the growth trend of these numerical values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic heterocyclic compounds have received a lot of interest due to their various important medicinal and biological applications. The broad synthetic investigation and functional usefulness of heterocyclic molecules is driving a surge in research interest. They are found in more than 90% of innovative medications and bridge the gap between biology and chemistry, where so much scientific discovery and application happens. Heterocycles are also useful in a variety of domains, including pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, and others. In this article, quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) models is developed using sombor indices to predict fluorescence properties of aromatic hetero‐cyclic species based on their structural features. This allows researchers to estimate the fluorescence behavior of new molecules without performing experimental measurements. As an application, we have computed the sombor indices for self‐assembled supramolecular graphs made of terpyridine (TPE) and tetraphenylethylene (TPY) molecules that are produced as rosette cycles. This form of rosettes graph is used in electrical sensors, light emitting diodes, bioimaging and photoelectric devices, and so on. Tetraphenylethylene can be used to make fluorescent probes for next‐generation sensing applications with typical induced aggregative emission behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] 'Ligand-free' Pd-catalyzed reaction between arylboronic acid and diphenylacetylene affords a set of polyphenylated olefins and 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene whose yields are dependent on counteranion of PdII salt and additive nature. Tetraphenylethylene and hexaphenylbuta-1,3-diene are likely formed in tandem arylation/cross-coupling reaction with the participation of hydroxo/alkoxo alkenyl Pd species, whereas 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene formation probably proceeds through tandem arylation/C–H activation by halide-containing alkenyl Pd complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Tetraphenylethylene modified two-armed PLLA with three different molecular weights were synthesized by ring opening polymerization. • TPE cores in TPE-PLLA accelerated the nucleation while inhibited the transportation of PLLA chains during the crystallization, resulting the decrease of the growth rate of PLLA crystallites. • The large and rigid TPE cores significant inhibited the chain folding and transportation of TPE-PLLA-L during crystallization, and resulted in smaller lamellar thickness. Degradable polymers incorporated with chromophore molecules have great potential in biomedical field. In this paper, hydroxyl functionalized tetraphenylethylene (TPE-2OH) was employed as the initiator to synthesize two-armed poly(ʟ-lactide) (PLLA) with varying molecular weights (TPE-PLLA-L, TPE-PLLA-M and TPE-PLLA-H) by ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Their crystallization behaviors were compared with those of PLLA with similar molecular weights initiated by ethylene glycol (EG-PLLA-L, EG-PLLA-M and EG-PLLA-H). A significant inhibiting effect on crystallization was found in TPE-PLLA-L with low molecular weight (M w = 6400 g mol-1, ∼40 repeating units per chain) because of the large and rigid TPE cores, which significantly restricted the folding and transportation of the short PLLA chains and resulted the formation of smaller lamellar thickness (l c = 3.9 nm). However, when the chain length of PLLA increased, the proportion of TPE in the TPE-PLLA molecular decreased dramatically, and the nucleation of crystallization was improved because of the aggregation of TPE cores in TPE-PLLA-M (M w = 13600 g mol-1, ∼90 repeating units per chain) and TPE-PLLA-H (M w = 19000 g mol-1, ∼125 repeating units per chain) in the molten state. After the crystallization of TPE-PLLA, the aggregation state of TPE groupschanged. This work shed some light on the crystallization behavior of PLA with fluorescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The study focuses on the development of a new type of RTP material. • The film demonstrates remarkable RTP with an extended afterglow time of up to 12 s. • This characteristic opens up potential applications in four fields. Stimuli-responsive room temperature phosphorescent materials have been the subject of considerable research activity in recent years. In this study, the tetraphenylethylene group was selected in combination with arylboronic acid (TIPE-BOH) and used to dope a rigid polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to generate a film material (TIPE-BOH-PVA) that exhibited an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect. The prepared film exhibits excellent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) performance, with an enhanced emission wavelength and an afterglow time of up to 12 s. The triplet-to-singlet Förster resonance energy transfer (TS-FRET) has been utilized to modify the afterglow color by adding butyl rhodamine B (BRhB) and rhodamine 6G (R6G), employing a water phase without the use of organic solvents. The resultant material exhibits stimulus responsiveness; the RTP properties disappear when the material is exposed to water vapor, but are restored following thermal treatment. The material has potential applications in information encryption and erasure, double anti-counterfeiting ink, and fingerprint acquisition systems. This work offers a new strategy for the design of stimuli-responsive ultra-long RTP materials with far-ranging end applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of benzothiazole functionalized tetraphenylethylene (TPE-BTH) is achieved. • TPE-BTH showed turn-off fluorescence response towards TNP and DNP. • TPE-BTH exhibited lower LOD for TNP of 7.28 × 10-8 M. • TPE-BTH displayed lower LOD towards DNP 1.23 × 10-8 M. • Molecular simulation was employed to investigate the interaction between TPE-BTH and TNP and DNP. The detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) such as 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) is critical for environmental monitoring and security, due to their extensive use in explosives and the associated health risks. However, current methods for detecting these compounds face challenges in sensitivity, specificity, and practicality. In this study, a new benzothiazole functionalized tetraphenylethylene molecular scaffold (TPE-BTH) have been successfully synthesized and characterized for its potential in explosive sensing. The TPE-BTH compound exhibits distinct UV–Visible and fluorescence emission behaviors in different solvent polarities. A remarkable feature of TPE-BTH is its pronounced fluorescence quenching upon the addition of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in a dichloromethane solution, highlighting its sensitivity and potential utility in explosive detection. The detection limits for TNP and DNP were determined to be remarkably low at 7.28 × 10-8 M and 1.23 × 10-8 M, respectively. Through theoretical investigations, we explored the interaction mechanisms between TPE-BTH and TNP, uncovering the roles of internal hydrogen bonding within picric acid and π-π interactions as well as dipole interactions between the molecules. Additionally, 1H NMR was utilized to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between TPE-BTH and TNP. The development of TPE-BTH as a molecular scaffold for NAC detection significantly contributes to the field of explosive sensing and environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, four new tetraphenylethylene-based chalcone derivatives (E)-1-phenyl-3-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (PLPE), (E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (PLPE-F), (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (PLPE-Cl), (E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (PLPE-Br) with different halogen substitutions were reported, and the effects of halogens on their photophysical properties, aggregation-induced emission behaviors and mechano-responsive luminescent properties were systematically investigated. Interestingly, aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behaviors were observed for PLPE, PLPE-F, PLPE-Cl, and PLPE-Br. Moreover, upon grinding, all of the four compounds displayed mechanical force-induced luminescence enhancement and red-shifted behaviors, which was found to be reversible in the case of fuming with dichloromethane (DCM) vapors or heat treatment. In particular, upon grinding, PLPE-F showed the highest contrast fluorescence response behaviors (red-shifted 49 nm and solid fluorescence quantum yield increased 20-fold). Furthermore, the results of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) measurements indicated that reversible phase transitions between the ordered crystalline state and the disordered amorphous form was crucial to their interesting mechanical force-induced luminescence enhancement and chromism. And the obvious red shifts of fluorescence emission are ascribed to the increased molecular conjugations via the planarization of molecular conformations. Moreover, halogen-substituted PLPE-F, PLPE-Cl, PLPE-Br have more twisted conformations than PLPE, which are responsible for their higher contrast mechanical force-induced luminescence chromism. Hence, the present study provides a new strategy to construct new advanced high-contrast mechanical force-induced luminescence enhancement and chromism luminescent materials with the introduction of halogen atoms. • Four new tetraphenylethylene-based chalcone derivatives with different halogen substitutions were synthesized. • Aggregation-induced emission enhancement behaviors were found. • They displayed mechanical force-induced luminescence enhancement and red-shift behaviors. • PLPE-F showed the highest contrast fluorescence response behaviors. • The red shifts of emission were due to the enhancement of the molecular conjugations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three pairs of chiral binaphthyl based macrocyclic tetraphenylethylenes (TPEs) with flexible macrocycle backbones and different linkage lengths were designed and synthesized. • The homochiral helical orientations of TPEs in the crystal structures demonstrate the successful chirality transfer from chiral binaphthyl to TPE via the soft macrocycle backbone. • Obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and CPL properties can be detected owing to the chiral macrocyclic architectures. • The chiral macrocycle with the longest linkage length can produce the largest aggregation-induced circularly polarized luminescence (AI-CPL) signals in films with luminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum) up to 1.9 × 10−3. Developing chiral macrocycles with intense circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has received considerable interest. The chirality transfer in the chiral macrocycles with separated chiral sources and luminophores is crucial but rarely explored. In this paper, we designed and synthesized three pairs of chiral binaphthyl based macrocyclic tetraphenylethylenes (TPEs) with flexible macrocycle backbones and different linkage lengths. The homochiral helical orientations of TPEs in the crystal structures demonstrate the successful chirality transfer from chiral binaphthyl to TPE via the soft macrocycle backbone. Obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and CPL properties can be detected owing to the chiral macrocyclic architectures. Most importantly, the chiral macrocycle with the longest linkage length can produce the largest aggregation-induced circularly polarized luminescence (AI-CPL) signals in films with luminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum) up to 1.9 × 10−3. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reported organic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophors for the detection of various markers often suffer from intermolecular π-π stacking-induced luminophore quenching. Herein, we demonstrate one-pot synthesis of a new aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) emitter (i.e., TPE@SiO 2 /rGO composite) for sensitive measurement of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR). The TPE@SiO 2 /rGO composite is constructed by embedding the silica-encapsuled 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene (TPE) in the reduced graphene oxide. In comparison with the monomer TPE, this composite exhibit high luminescence efficiency and strong ECL emission, because the AIECL phenomenon triggered by the spatial confinement effect in the SiO 2 cage induces the restriction of the internal motion and vibration of molecules. Notably, this composite has distinct advantages of easy preparation, simple functionalization, and stable luminescence. Especially, the TPE@SiO 2 /rGO-based ECL-RET system exhibits a high quenching efficiency (Φ ET) of 69.7%. When target MC-LR is present, it triggers DNA strand displacement reaction (SDR), inducing the quenching of the ECL signal of TPE@SiO 2 /rGO composite due to ECL resonance energy transfer between TPE@SiO 2 /rGO composite and methylene blue (MB). The proposed biosensor enables highly sensitive, low-cost, and robust measurement of MC-LR with a large dynamic range of 7 orders of magnitude and a detection limit of 3.78 fg/mL, and it displays excellent detection performance in complex biological matrices, holding potential applications in food safety and water monitoring. We demonstrate the synthesis of silica-encapsulated tetraphenylethylene with aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer for sensitively sensing microcystin-LR. [Display omitted] • We demonstrate one-pot synthesis of a new AIECL emitter with AIECL-RET. • The emitter exhibits high luminescence efficiency and strong ECL emission. • The AIECL-RET system possesses a high quenching efficiency of 69.7%. • This biosensor can sensitively detect microcystin-leucine arginine. • It exhibits a detection limit of 3.78 fg/mL and a wide linear range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modification on typical of molecular unit with aggregation-induced emission (AIE)/aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) can play a important role in obtaining solid-state fluorescence materials and mechanofluorochromic (MFC) materials. We utilize the multicomponent reaction of TPE-containing aldehyde, arylamine and butane-2,3-dione in the presence of iron(III) perchlorate to design and synthesize two novel MFC materials by combination of the tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and pyrrolo [3,2-b]pyrrole core units. Investigation of CHW-1 and CHW-2 aggregation-induced emission behaviors indicated that these materials all exhibited AIEE properties. Subsequent mechanochromic luminescence tests exhibited reversible mechanochromism natures that involve fluorescent color change from green to yellow (Grinding-induced spectral shift (△λ): 35 nm and 38 nm, respectively). Then the datas (including SEM, PXRD and DSC) revealed that this mechanofluorochromism was ascribed to the transformation of crystal state to the amorphous form. Moreover, CHW-1 and CHW-2 could be applied for optical recording devices and security printing. [Display omitted] • Tetraphenylethylene fused pyrrolo [3,2-b]pyrrole derivatives were designed and synthesized. • CHW-1 and CHW-2 exhibited solvatochromic effect, AIEE-active and mechanochromic characteristics. • CHW-1 and CHW-2 could be applied for optical recording devices and security printing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Amidoxime-functionalized TPE ladder polymer AO-TPE was successfully prepared from TPE-PIM. • Extensive hydrogen bonding led to a large fraction of ultramicroposity in AO-TPE. • CO 2 /N 2 and CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity of fresh AO-TPE nearly doubled compared to the pristine TPE-PIM. • Tightened microstructure in AO-TPE resulted in a strong plasticization resistance. • AO-PIM displayed a CO 2 /CH 4 mixed-gas selectivity of 37.7 with a CO 2 permeability of 36.2 Barrer. Recent advances in solution-processible polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) have attracted extensive research efforts in membrane-based gas separations due to their significantly enhanced gas permeability originating from inefficient chain packing. However, PIM-based membrane materials exhibit typically only moderate gas-pair selectivity, which is often insufficient especially for challenging gas separations containing highly sorbing feed components such as CO 2. More importantly, they suffer from CO 2 -induced polymer chain dilation commonly referred as plasticization, which leads to poor separation performance under aggressive CO 2 /CH 4 mixed-gas testing conditions. In this work, we conducted amidoxime (AO)-functionalization on a microporous tetraphenylethylene-based ladder polymer (TPE-PIM) by reacting its nitrile groups with hydroxyl amine under reflux conditions. Because of strong inter-chain hydrogen bonding, AO-functionalized TPE polymer (AO-TPE) exhibited a tightened and rigidified microstructure with 64 % reduction in Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (175 m2/g) as compared to TPE-PIM (485 m2/g) derived from N 2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K. As a result, fresh AO-TPE showed decreased gas permeability concurrent with a two-fold increase in CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity (from 18 to 40) compared to TPE-PIM. Under aggressive 50:50 CO 2 :CH 4 mixed-gas testing conditions, AO-TPE showed a strong plasticization resistance with decreased CH 4 permeability over total feed pressure ranging from 4 to 30 bar. At 20 bar total pressure, AO-TPE demonstrated a mixed-gas CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity of 37.7 as compared to 14.5 for TPE-PIM. The simple AO functionalization strategy holds promise to be an effective post-modification method to increase gas selectivity and alleviate the detrimental effects from CO 2 -induced plasticization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new family of tetraphenylethylene-based N,O-chelated boranil complexes (TPE-BAs) with AIE properties were synthesized. • The stability, photophysical properties, and crystal stacking of TPE-BAs are closely related to the substituents on the aniline portion. • Electron-donor-substituted TPE-BA-OMe exhibits the best stability and high quantum yield. • TPE-BA-OMe can serve as excellent fluorescent probes for specific imaging of lipid droplets in living cells. A new family of tetraphenylethylene-based N,O-chelated boranil complexes (TPE-BAs) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics were developed. X-ray crystallographic analysis indicated that the terminal substituents on the aniline moiety significantly affected the intermolecular stacking mode, thereby influencing the photophysical properties. The stabilities of these compounds are closely related to the substituents on the aniline moiety. Electron-donor-substituted TPE-BA-OMe exhibited the best stability, whereas the electron-acceptor-substituted compounds exhibited poor stability. Benefitting from its AIE properties and suitable lipophilicity, TPE-BA-OMe served as an excellent fluorescent probe for the specific bioimaging of lipid droplets in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel ALITPE/SCD supramolecular assembly with intense fluorescence emission. • High stability of the ALITPE/SCD assembly under varying environmental conditions. • ALITPE/SCD fluorescence ∼ 84 times higher than free TPE derivative. • Use of molecular docking calculations to understand ALITPE/SCD aggregation. • Electrostatic interaction plays a dominant role in the assembly formation. The combination of aggregation-induced emission-based luminogens (AIEgens) with supramolecular chemistry has gained significant attention due to its ability to produce intense emission even at low concentrations. In this study, we report a supramolecular arrangement characterized by aggregation-induced emission through the integration of tetracationic tetraphenylethylene with a macrocyclic polyanionic derivative of β-cyclodextrin. Despite the exploration of ionic derivatives of cyclodextrins in pharmaceutical and host–guest supramolecular chemistry, the phenomenon of supramolecular aggregation-induced emission based on non-covalent interactions between the ionic derivative of β-cyclodextrin and derivatives of tetraphenylethyelene, a class of AIEgens, has received limited investigation. Our work explores AIE shown by the allylimidazolium derivative of tetracationic tetraphenylethyelene (ALITPE) induced by complexation with polyanionic sulfated β-cyclodextrin (SCD). The effectiveness of the emission intensity of this supramolecular assembly based on AIE is confirmed by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements, which are supported by ground-state absorption measurements. We also investigate the effect of changes in external environment, such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength, on the supramolecular assembly. Moreover, the aggregation behavior of ALITPE with SCD is comparatively studied with neutral native β-cyclodextrin, highlighting the contribution of high negative charge density on the surface of SCD for efficient aggregation with ALITPE molecules. Additionally, Molecular Docking calculations are employed to provide insights into the aggregation behavior of ALITPE molecules induced by SCD. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential applicability of the ALITPE/SCD supramolecular assembly as a potential fluorescent sensing probe for various biological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) with solid-state emission are becoming the eager pursuit for researchers under the continuous and in-depth development of carbon materials. A general strategy for efficiently constructing solid-emissive CDs is of importance. Here, solid-emissive CDs were successfully prepared using aggregation-induced emission (AIE) amino-substituted tetraphenylethylene as precursor. Thus obtained CDs well inherited the AIE properties of precursors with improved pH stability and bio-imaging performance. • An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) precursor afforded AIE CDs, whose fluorescence in the solid state was greatly improved. • The AIE property of CDs was related with the rotors and retained in the final products. • The pH stability of the AIE-active CDs was improved, which is beneficial to the application of AIE-active CDs. • It helps us better understand the RIM mechanism for AIE and provides preparation guidance for AIE CDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) can improve nature-state transmittance and response time when used as a building block in electrochromism. Two precursors of TPE-based molecules (TPE‐2T and TPE-2E) were successfully synthesized by Stille coupling reaction, and electropolymerized to yield the corresponding polymers of P(TPE‐2T) and P(TPE-2E). Characterizations of the above polymers were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic properties of P(TPE‐2T) and P(TPE-2E) were compared investigated. P(TPE‐2T) demonstrated yellow in the neutral state to deep green in the oxidized state while P(TPE-2E) showed colorless-to-violet color changes with 0–1.4 V. P(TPE‐2T) displayed much better electrochromic performance due to its electroactivity with moderate optical contrast (32%) and fast response time (0.9 s). However, P(TPE-2E) showed low optical contrast, which is in agreement with the spectroelectrochemistry result (only slight wavelength shift between the neutral state and the oxidized state). From these results, P(TPE‐2T) can be further explored electrochromic material towards indoor electrochromic product and flexible display. • Tetraphenylethylene-based ECPs (P(TPE-2 T) and P(TPE-2E)) were designed and synthesized. • P(TPE-2 T) exhibited better thermal stability, crystallization performance, and improved electrochromic performance with moderate optical contrast (32%) and fast response time (0.9 s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]