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S・ZVI Particles were prepared by zervalent iron and NaS under anaerobic conditions, and the influence factors on the treatment of methylene blue wastewater were studied・ The results show that the surface of S-ZVI is rough with a sulfide film and has a shell core structure. The methylene blue removal rate of S-ZVI particles firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of S/Fe ratio. When the S/Fe ratio was 0・ 025, the methylene blue removal effect was the best, the removal rate was 98. 02%, and the overall reaction reached the adsorption equilibrium in 150 min, and it follows pseudo second order kinetic reaction・ The optimal pH of S・ZVI for methylene blue wastewater removal is between 6 and 8・ The removal rate of methylene blue under aerobic condition is 1 ・ 46 times that of anaerobic condition. The presence of oxygen helps to improve the removal effect of S-ZVI on methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of digital technology, virtual spaces have attracted widespread attention. Some studies have suggested that there is a certain interaction and dependence between virtual and geospatial spaces. However, most current research interprets geospatial implications in virtual spaces using semantic interpretation methods and lacks case studies that combine specific industries. Represented by the short video industry, the digital economy industry has constructed a virtual communication space that is distinct from the geospatial space through Internet media, possessing analytical conditions and values with dual spatial attributes. Given that short videos are important carriers of virtual social networks, this study focuses on the top short video creators on Bilibili, known as "POWER UP 100," who produce original short video content from 2018 to 2021. Relying on their basic information, video information, linkage situations, and other data, this study quantifies the two virtual space attributes of selected short video creators (influence and network centrality) using methods such as Spearman's correlation coefficient and social network analysis. Furthermore, it discusses the relationship between these two attributes and their geospatial attributes (geographical location and hierarchy), thus exploring whether the virtual space attributes of short video creators depend on their geospatial attributes. This study confirms that virtual spaces exhibit a certain degree of dependence on the geospatial space. Regarding the correlation between the UP virtual level and geospatial hierarchy, there are differences in the distribution of UP creator influence levels in different cities, with larger and higher-level cities having more dispersed UP creator influence levels. High-level top creators are mostly located in super-large cities, whereas low-level cities rarely have such creators. Although virtual networking platforms can, to some extent, enable top creators to attract fans and overcome geographical limitations, the level and range of their influence remain closely tied to the geographical hierarchy within the geospatial space. Virtual space interconnectivity networks based on UPs exhibit strong distance correlation, with linkage frequency primarily determined by geographical distance. However, in virtual space interconnectivity networks based on cities, the dominant role of geographical distance weakens, whereas the role of city hierarchy increases. Therefore, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) There is only a weak positive correlation between the virtual space level of the top short video creators and the geospatial hierarchy. (2) The construction of virtual space networks by top short video creators exhibits geographical proximity and hierarchical orientation, demonstrating a certain dependence on the geospatial space. (3) The virtual space activities of the top short video creators are significantly influenced by factors such as the economic and cultural levels of their cities. This study provides guidance and inspiration for the future creative work of short video creators. However, using the short video industry as an example, it reaffirms the conclusion that the virtual space generated under media transformation cannot be detached from the existing geospatial space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in arecoline (ANE)-induced oral submucous fibrosis, and to analyze the effect of PNS on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) signaling pathway. METHODS: CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of PNS and arecoline on the survival rate of human immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. The results of CCK-8 were used to select 75 mg/L arecoline, and 25，50 and 100 mg/L PNS as subsequent experimental concentrations. The cells were set as blank control group, model group, and low, medium and high doses (25，50 and 100 mg/L) of PNS groups. The protein and mRNA expressions of collagen type I (COL-I), E-cadherin, Nrf2, GCLC and glutathione reductase (GR) in each group were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus. Biochemical kits were used to detect the content of glutathione (GSH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in each group of cells. DCFH-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS: Compared with the blank control group, the protein and mRNA expression of COL-I in the model group was up-regulated, and the protein and mRNA levels of E-cadherin, Nrf2, GCLC, nuclear Nrf2 and GR were down-regulated. The content of NADPH, MDA and ROS in the cells increased, and the content of GSH and the activity of SOD was significantly reduced. Compared with the model group, the protein and mRNA expression of COL-I was down-regulated, and the protein and mRNA expression of E-cadherin, Nrf2, GCLC, nuclear Nrf2 and GR were up-regulated in PNS 50 and 100 mg/L groups. Compared with the model group，the content of NADPH, MDA and ROS in cells decreased, and the content of GSH and the activity of SOD was significantly enhanced (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). CONCLUSION:Panax notoginseng saponins have anti-fibrosis effects in HaCaT cells, and their mechanism may be related to the activation of Nrf2/GCLC signaling pathway, thereby resisting oxidative stress and improving oral submucosal fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of survival of patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 66 patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression models were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of survival of all patients with airway stenosis and those with early airway stenosis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival and delineate the survival curve. Results For 66 patients with airway stenosis, the median airway stenosis-free time was 72 (52,102) d, 27% (18/66) for central airway stenosis and 73% (48/66) for distal airway stenosis. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time [hazard ratio (HR) 1.037, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005-1.070, P=0.024] and type of surgery (HR 0.400, 95%CI 0.177-0.903, P=0.027) were correlated with the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The longer the postoperative mechanical ventilation time, the higher the risk of mortality of the recipients. The overall survival of airway stenosis recipients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation was better than that of their counterparts after single lung transplantation. Subgroup analysis showed that grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) (HR 4.577, 95%CI 1.439-14.555, P=0.010) and immunosuppressive drugs (HR 0.079, 95%CI 0.022-0.287, P<0.001) were associated with the survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation without grade 3 PGD was better compared with that of those with grade 3 PGD. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation treated with tacrolimus was superior to that of their counterparts treated with cyclosporine. Conclusions Long postoperative mechanical ventilation time, single lung transplantation, grade 3 PGD and use of cyclosporine may affect the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]