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Copyright of Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica / Yanshi Kuangwuxue Zazhi is the property of Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International & Comparative Education is the property of International & Comparative Education Editorial, Beijing Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Experiment is the property of Petroleum Geology & Experiment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Smart Rail Transit is the property of Smart Rail Transit Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Railway Standard Design is the property of Railway Standard Design Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to adopted a ‘nature-human’ integrated perspective, combined humanistic elements to define the threshold for small watershed division, strengthened the humanistic characteristics of small watershed division research, and provided zoning plan support for land space development and socio-economic construction in mountain areas using small watersheds as the basic unit. 【Method】 Based on the natural hydrological processes and human attributes of small watersheds, the watershed area method, combined with the mean change point and the boundary overlap, was used to measure the subdivision threshold of small watersheds in six test areas within the study area, taking the southwest mountain areas of China as an example. After obtaining the optimal threshold, the southwest mountain areas was divided into units by small watersheds. The division results were integrated, and the quantity and spatial characteristics of the integrated results were analyzed. A fusion method for small watershed subdivision in mountain area was proposed. 【Result】 (i) The optimal threshold for the division of small watersheds in the southwest mountain areas was 30.00 km2.（ii) The number of small watersheds in the southwest mountain areas was 16 075, with an area range of 25.07 km to 431.82 km.（iii) In terms of area, there were 8 702 small watersheds less than 50.00 km, accounting for 54.13%; 5 358 small watersheds between 50.00 km and 100.00 km, accounting for 33.33%; and 2 015 small watersheds greater than 100.00 km, accounting for 12.53%, which basically met the current requirements of the Ministry of Water Resources. 【Conclusion】 The method for dividing and integrating small watersheds in mountain area proposed in this study, as verified through field measurements in the southwest mountain areas, reflected the natural and human attributes of small watersheds. It adequately met the needs of current organizational unit management in mountain area and could serve as a methodological reference for the zoning of small watersheds in mountain area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science & Technology is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Advances in Earth Science (1001-8166) is the property of Advances in Earth Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency is the property of Petroleum Geology & Recovery Efficiency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives To develop and validate predictive models for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) terminal motif analysis. The goal was to improve the non-invasive detection of early-stage ESCC and its precancerous lesions. Methods Between August 2021 and November 2022, we prospectively collected plasma samples from 448 individuals at the Department of Endoscopy, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for cfDNA extraction, library construction, and sequencing. We analyzed 201 cases of ESCC, 46 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), 46 low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), 176 benign esophageal lesions, and 29 healthy controls. Participants, including ESCC patients and control subjects, were randomly assigned to a training set (n=284) and a validation set (n=122). The training cohort underwent z-score normalization of cfDNA terminal motif matrices and a selection of distinctive features differentiated ESCC cases from controls. The random forest classifier, Motif-1 (M1), was then developed through principal component analysis, ten-fold cross-validation, and recursive feature elimination. M1's efficacy was then validated in the validation and precancerous lesion sets. Subsequently, individuals with precancerous lesions were included in the dataset and participants were randomly allocated to newly formed training (n=243), validation (n=105), and test (n=150) cohorts. Using the same procedure as M1, we trained the Motif-2 (M2) random forest model with the training cohort. The M2 model's accuracy was then confirmed in the validation cohort to establish the optimal threshold and further tested by performing validation in the test cohort. Results We developed two cfDNA terminal motif-based predictive models for ESCC and associated precancerous conditions. The first model, M1, achieved a sensitivity of 90.0%, a specificity of 77.4%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.884 in the validation cohort. For LGIN, HGIN, and T1aN0 stage ESCC, M1's sensitivities were 76.1%, 80.4%, and 91.2% respectively. Notably, the sensitivity for jointly predicting HGIN and T1aN0 ESCC reached 85.0%. Both the predictive accuracy and sensitivity increased in line with the cancer's progression (P＜0.001). The second model, M2, exhibited a sensitivity of 87.5%, a specificity of 77.4%, and an AUC of 0.857 in the test cohort. M2's sensitivities for detecting precancerous lesions and ESCC were 80.0% and 89.7%, respectively, and it showed a combined sensitivity of 89.4% for HGIN and T1aN0 stage ESCC. Conclusions Two predictive models based on cfDNA terminal motif analysis for ESCC and its precancerous lesions are developed. They both show high sensitivity and specificity in identifying ESCC and its precancerous stages, indicating its potential for early ESCC detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technology of Water Treatment is the property of Technology of Water Treatment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obejective: To explore the predictive value of Caprini thrombosis risk score and serum D-dimer (D-D), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) for postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with traumatic fracture, and to construct risk prediction model. Methods: 216 hospitalized patients with traumatic fracture admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2019 to May 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the occurrence of postoperative DVT, they were divided into DVT group (62 cases) and non-DVT group (154 cases). The differences of Caprini thrombosis risk score, serum D-D, VEGF, PDGF-B and clinical data between the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of DVT, the prediction model was established, and the model was validated, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn for efficacy evaluation. Results: The occurrence rate of postoperative DVT in patients with traumatic fracture was 28.70%. The proportion of patients in the DVT group with the time from fracture to admission greater than 24 hours were more than those in the non-DVT group, and the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-D, VEGF, PDGF-B and Caprini thrombosis risk score were higher than those in the non-DVT group (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the time from fracture to admission greater than 24 hours, high levels of serum D-D, VEGF, PDGF-B and increased Caprini thrombosis risk score were independent risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative DVT in patients with traumatic fracture (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the 5 independent risk factors of the occurrence of postoperative DVT in patients with traumatic fracture, and the prediction model equation was established as follows: Logit (P) =-0.171 +1.170×time from fracture to admission +1.041×serum D-D +0.046×serum VEGF +0.100×serum PDGF-B +0. 080×Caprini thrombosis risk score, the internal verification results showed that the C-index count was 0.825 (95%CI: 0.740~0.892), and the Calibration curve showed that the Calibration curve was close to the ideal curve (P>0.05). External validation used this study sample: the area under curve (AUC) was 0.901, the sensitivity was 0.887, and the specificity was 0.870, which showed that the model had high predictive efficiency, it was significantly higher than the predictive efficacy of D-D, VEGF, PDGF-B and caprini thrombus risk score alone. Conclusion: The time from fracture to admission, serum D-D, VEGF, PDG and Caprini thrombosis risk score were the influencing factors of the occurrence of postoperative DVT in patients with traumatic fracture, the constructed prediction model had good predictive efficiency for the occurrence of DVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting or rebuilding landscape connectivity in fragmented habitats is considered to be a key strategy for conserving biodiversity and ecosystems, facilitating the movement of wildlife populations as well as adapting to climate change. And habitat corridors are a common strategy for restoring and protecting landscape connectivity. Taking the Tarim Basin as an example, using 21 species distribution locations of Phrynocephalus axillaris, the MaxEnt model was developed to analyze the habitat suitability of Ph. axillaris, and the Linkage Mapper tool was used to construct a potential ecological corridor suitable for the spread of Ph. axillaris by integrating vegetation type, geographical factors, human disturbance and other factors in the leaf city. The results showed that the environmental factors had great influences on the potential suitable distribution area of Ph. axillaris, which included the coldest average temperature, the coldest month minimum temperature, vegetation cover type, the coldest quarterly precipitation, slope and dryest monthly. Of the 21 recorded distribution locations of the leaf city sand lizard, six were in the best habitat, six were in suitable habitat, and nine were in low suitable habitat. Based on the distribution of suitable areas of Ph. axillaris analyzed by MaxEnt model, a total of 32 ecological corridors were constructed, including 11 long-distance corridors and 21 relatively short-distance corridors. Among them, short-distance corridors connect adjacent habitats, and long-distance corridors connect north-south habitats. The results will fill the gap in the study of ecological corridor and habitat suitability of Ph. axillaris in this area, help optimize the habitat pattern of this species, provide scientific reference for the sustainable development of reptile species, and provide reference for species conservation and protected area planning of desert ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soochow University Educational Science Edition is the property of Soochow University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Test & Measurement Technology is the property of Publishing Center of North University of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Science Research & Application is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electric Drive for Locomotives is the property of Electric Drive for Locomotives Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University is the property of Journal of Dalian Polytechnic University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science Technology & Engineering is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum monocytes/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio ( MHR), (neutrophils + monocytes) / lymphocyte ratio ( NMLR), and calcium/ magnesium ratio (Ca / Mg) among patients with primary hypertension (PH) in Xining area of Qinghai Province. Methods A total of 528 subjects were enrolled, and they were divided into healthy control group (n = 179) and PH group (n = 349) according to blood pressure measurement results. According to the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for the management of hypertension, patients in the PH group were further divided into grade 1 PH group (n = 116), grade 2 PH group (n = 111) and grade 3 PH group ( n = 122). By using multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors of the disease were clarified in the PH group. Routine blood testing and biochemical detection were performed to measure the levels of MHR, NMLR and Ca / Mg. Spearman correlation analysis was employed to explore the correlation between MHR, NMLR, Ca / Mg levels and the classification of hypertension. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Ca / Mg and NMLR were independent risk factors for PH. Ca / Mg and NMLR in the PH group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05). Compared with the grade 1 PH group, Ca / Mg and NMLR levels in the grade 3 PH group increased significantly (P<0. 05). Ca / Mg, NMLR and MHR levels were positively correlated with the classification of hypertension ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion NMLR, Ca / Mg and MHR levels are closely associated with the severity of PH. Monitoring NMLR and Ca / Mg is helpful for making early identification of high-risk PH patients and correspondingly providing clinical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering / Cailiao Gongcheng is the property of Journal of Materials Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Yellow River Delta is characterized by significant ecological fragility and strong disturbance by human activities, resulting in serious damage to its ecological environment. Timely and accurate evaluation of ecological environment quality in the Yellow River Delta is very important for ecological protection and policy-making. In order to solve the issue of difficult vegetation monitoring in the evaluation of wetland ecological environment quality, the improved hyperspectral image-based vegetation index（IHSVI） was proposed and applied to multi-spectral satellites. Combined with the water benefit-based ecological index（WBEI） and IHSVI, an optimized water benefit-based ecological index（OWBEI） was proposed to improve the retrieval accuracy of wetland ecological environment quality. The Landsat images of 2000, 2006, 2012, 2017 and 2020 were selected to evaluate the eco-environmental quality of the Yellow River Delta based on OWBEI. The results show that OWBEI effectively improves the evaluation results of wetland ecological environment quality and the inversion accuracy is improved to 90%. The quality of the ecological environment in the inland rural areas of the Yellow River Delta is better than that of in the coastal and coastal urban areas, with 2012 as the turning point, the overall ecological environment status shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the 12-month renal remission in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and the predictive factors. Methods The remission of patients with LN using biologic agents was analyzed by a prospective cohort study that included 57 patients with LN and positive urine protein, who were divided into hormone + immunosuppression group (n=39) and hormone + immunosuppression + biologics group (n=18) . Patients in hormone + immunosuppression group received standard therapy and those in hormone + immunosuppression + biologics group received standard therapy and belimumab. Long-term follow-up was assigned to collect and analyze data on renal response and clinical characteristics. Results Renal complete remission was achieved in 41 out of 57 patients (71.93%) and partial remission was achieved in 16 patients (28.07%) . Complete remission was achieved in 29 out of 39 patients in the hormone + immunosuppression group (mean time to complete remission was 7.846 months, 95%CI: 6.626-9.066 months) and in 12 out of 18 patients in the hormone + immunosuppression + biologics group (mean time to complete remission was 4.167 months, 95%CI: 3.461-4.872 months) .Conclusion Patients using both hormones, immune agents and biologics achieve complete remission more quickly than those using only hormones and immune agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering Management / Gongcheng Guanli Xuebao is the property of Journal of Engineering Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of World Regional Studies is the property of World Regional Studies Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications is the property of Beijing Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications Journal Co Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Engineering Management & Technology Discussion is the property of Omniscient Pte. Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)