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Four previously undescribed compounds talaromyester A ( 1 ) and purpuresters C-E ( 2 - 4 ), together with known purpurester A ( 5 ) and purpuride G ( 6 ), were isolated from the metabolites produced by the Mariana Trench sediment-derived fungus Talaromyces sp. SY2250. Compounds 2 - 5 , two pairs of racemates, were separated on a chiral HPLC column. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on their HRESIMS data, extensive NMR spectroscopic analyses, and optical rotation calculations. Purpuride G ( 6 ) showed antiproliferative activity against glioma cells and may be the main active compound responsible for the activity of the crude extract prepared from the culture of Talaromyces sp. SY2250 in rice medium.