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Digital technology has an impact on people's lifestyles and behavior after the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to analyze (1) how digital technology works as a determinant of lifestyle in marginalized communities after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster? (2) how digital technology affects the behavior of marginalized communities after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster? (3) what is the direction of the social effects of digitalization on marginalized communities after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster? This research was conducted in Makassar, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia using an exploratory-sequential design. Data collection utilized in-depth interviews, observations, surveys, and literature studies. Qualitative data analysis techniques using the 3-step technique and quantitative data analysis using frequency tabulation. The results of this study are: (1) digital technology as a determinant of lifestyle in marginalized communities through as a means of communication, as a means of building social networks, as the source of knowledge and information, as a means of transactions, as entertainment facility. (2) digital technology affects the behavior of marginalized communities in the form of having many social media accounts, appearing on social media, becoming part of the socialite, frequently post daily activities on social media, appear post attractive appearances on social media, shop via online stores. (3) the direction of the social effect of digital technology will become a necessity and part of human life. In conclusion, digital technology affects people's behavior and lifestyle until after the Covid-19 pandemic disaster.

Stingless bee colonies require constant monitoring to ensure hive health and optimal honey production. However, conventional monitoring practices are time-consuming and labor-intensive, especially for beekeepers in rural or remote areas. Without access to real-time hive data, beekeepers may struggle to detect changes in temperature, humidity, and other vital conditions that could impact bee health and productivity. Most studies rely on Wi-Fi modules for communication between local and cloud servers. However, using Wi-Fi for bee monitoring requires that the stingless bee hives be located near buildings with Wi-Fi access. To address this issue, a prototype of a remote monitoring system for a stingless bee colony was developed using Long Range (LoRa) technologies due to the low data rate, low power, and operability in an outdoor environment. This system aims to help beekeepers monitor the beehives remotely. The prototype comprises two nodes: a beehive sensor node and a LoRa gateway node. The beehive monitoring sensor node is equipped with the ESP32 as a microcontroller, LoRa SX1278, BME680, and KY-037. The LoRa gateway comprises ESP32 and LoRa SX1278 and is interfaced with Ubidots through Node-Red. The developed prototype was tested at four locations at varying distances in the Mahallah Ruqayyah Kelulut farm. The result shows that LoRa is feasible for remote monitoring because it can reliably transmit data up to 58 meters despite a higher data rate. The Ubidots dashboard displays the temperature, humidity percentage, air quality, pressure, sound levels, and RSSI value for thorough insights into the bee's condition, as it can be accessed using web and mobile applications. Overall, the stingless bee remote monitoring system using LoRa communication is a promising solution for outdoor applications between the sender and receiver for data transmission in remote areas. ABSTRAK: Koloni lebah kelulut memerlukan pemantauan berterusan untuk memastikan kesihatan sarang dan pengeluaran madu yang optimum. Walau bagaimanapun, amalan pemantauan konvensional memerlukan banyak masa dan tenaga, terutamanya bagi penternak lebah di kawasan pedalaman atau terpencil. Tanpa akses kepada data sarang secara masa nyata, penternak lebah mungkin menghadapi kesukaran untuk mengesan perubahan suhu, kelembapan, dan keadaan penting lain yang boleh menjejaskan kesihatan serta produktiviti lebah. Kebanyakan kajian menggunakan modul Wi-Fi untuk komunikasi antara pelayan tempatan dan awan. Walau bagaimanapun, penggunaan Wi-Fi untuk pemantauan lebah memerlukan sarang lebah kelulut diletakkan berhampiran bangunan dengan akses Wi-Fi. Bagi mengatasi isu ini, satu prototaip sistem pemantauan jauh untuk koloni lebah kelulut telah dibangunkan menggunakan teknologi Long Range (LoRa) yang mempunyai kadar data rendah, penggunaan tenaga yang rendah, serta sesuai untuk persekitaran luar. Sistem ini bertujuan membantu penternak lebah memantau sarang lebah dari jauh. Prototaip ini terdiri daripada dua nod: nod sensor sarang lebah dan nod pintu gerbang LoRa. Nod sensor pemantauan sarang lebah dilengkapi dengan ESP32 sebagai mikropengawal, LoRa SX1278, BME680, dan KY-037. Pintu gerbang LoRa pula menggunakan ESP32 dan LoRa SX1278 yang dihubungkan dengan Ubidots melalui Node-Red. Prototaip ini telah diuji di empat lokasi berbeza pada jarak yang berbeza di ladang Kelulut Mahallah Ruqayyah. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa LoRa adalah sesuai untuk pemantauan jarak jauh kerana, walaupun pada kadar data yang lebih tinggi, ia boleh menghantar data dengan baik sehingga jarak 58 meter. Papan pemuka Ubidots memaparkan suhu, peratusan kelembapan, kualiti udara, tekanan, tahap bunyi, dan nilai RSSI untuk memberikan gambaran lengkap mengenai keadaan lebah, yang boleh diakses melalui aplikasi web dan mudah alih. Secara keseluruhan, sistem pemantauan jauh lebah kelulut menggunakan komunikasi LoRa adalah penyelesaian yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi luar di kawasan terpencil antara penghantar dan penerima bagi penghantaran data.