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Two novel strains, SYSU D00514 T and SYSU D00778, were isolated from desert soil in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions, PR China. SYSU D00514 T and SYSU D00778 were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. SYSU D00514 T grew at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, 7.0), and tolerated NaCl concentrations from 0 to 7.5% (optimum, 0.5% w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains SYSU D00514 T and SYSU D00778 were closely related to the members of the genus Nocardioides. Two isolates were most closely related to Nocardioides alpinus Cr7-14  T (98.05% and 98.19%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA of strains SYSU D00514 T and SYSU D00778 were both 72.8%. Strain SYSU D00514 T and the type strains of the genus Nocardioides in the analysis had average nucleotide identity values of 76.8-85.8% as well as digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between 19.5% and 28.0%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain SYSU D00514 T were C 17:1 ω8c, C 18:1 ω9c and iso-C 16:0 . For strain SYSU D00514 T , the major polar lipids encompassed diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminophospholipid and two unidentified aminolipids. The main respiratory quinone of strain SYSU D00514 T was MK-8 (H4). Based on the results of polyphasic taxonomic experiments, we propose that strains SYSU D00514 T and SYSU D00778 represent a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, with the name Nocardioides xinjiangensis. The type strain is SYSU D00514 T (= CGMCC 1.18622  T  = MCCC 1K05001 T  = KCTC 49488  T )., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

A novel actinomycete, designated strain ZYX-F-249 T , was isolated from the gill of a leopard coral grouper in Yongxing Island, Hainan Province, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain ZYX-F-249 T belonged to the genus Microbispora , with high similarities to Microbispora rosea ATCC 12950 T (98.7 %), Microbispora hainanensis 211020 T (98.5 %), Microbispora clausenae CLES2 T (98.4 %), Microbispora bryophytorum NEAU-TX2-2 T (98.1 %) and Microbispora oryzae RL4-1S T (98.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ZYX-F-249 T showed that the strain formed a stable subclade with Microbispora rosea ATCC 12950 T in the genus Microbispora . The cell wall of the novel isolate contained meso -diaminopimelic acid, while whole-cell sugars were madurose, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H 6 ), MK-9(H 4 ), MK-9(H 2 ) and MK-9(H 0 ). The characteristic phospholipids (PLs) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, glycophospholipids and an unknown PL. The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) were iso -C 16 : 0 and iso -C 18 : 0 . Genome sequencing showed a DNA G+C content of 71.6%. The low average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values demonstrated that strain ZYX-F-249 T could be readily distinguished from closely related species. Based on data from these phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics, strain ZYX-F-249 T represents a novel species of the genus Microbispora , for which the name Microbispora maris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZYX-F-249 T (=CCTCC AA 2023030 T =JCM 36778 T ).

A novel actinomycetes producing lycopene, designated HBU208002 T , was isolated from a lakeside soil sample collected in Baiyangdian, located in Xiong'an New Area of China, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that the strain HBU208002 T fell within the genus Polymorphospora and was closely related to Polymorphospora rubra JCM 14904 T (99.73% identity). However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values between the strain HBU208002 T and P. rubra JCM 14904 T were 91.78, 44.7 and 91.6%, respectively, which were lower than the ANI (95-96%), DDH (>70%) and AAI (>95%) thresholds of prokaryotic microbial defined species. The predominant fatty acids of the strain HBU208002 T were iso-C 16:0 , C 17:1 ω8c. The menaquinones of the strain HBU208002 T were MK-8(H 8 ) and MK9(H 4 ), while those of P. rubra JCM 14904 T were MK-10(H 6 ), MK-10(H 4 ), MK-9(H 6 ) and MK-9(H 4 ). Meanwhile, some phenotypic characterizations and antibacterial activities distinguished the strain HBU208002 T from P. rubra JCM 14904 T . The strain HBU208002 T exhibited inhibitory effects on Fusarium graminearum , Fusarium verticillioides and Botrytis cinerea , but P. rubra JCM 14904 T had no activity. Therefore, the strain HBU208002 T should be assigned as representing a novel species of the genus Polymorphospora , for which the name Polymorphospora lycopeni was proposed. The type strain is HBU208002 T (=KCTC49833 T = GDMCC4.236 T ).

Two Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains, EXRC-4A-4 T and RC-2-3 T , were isolated from soil samples collected at Union Glacier, Antarctica. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain EXRC-4A-4 T was identified as belonging to the genus Rhodococcus , and strain RC-2-3 T to the genus Pseudarthrobacter . Further genomic analyses, including average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, suggested that these strains represent new species. Strain EXRC-4A-4 T exhibited growth at temperatures ranging from 4 to 28 °C (optimum between 20 and 28 °C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0), and in the presence of 0-5.0% NaCl (optimum between 0 and 1% NaCl). Strain RC-2-3 T grew at 4-28 °C (optimum growth at 28 °C), pH 6.0-10 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-5.0% NaCl (optimum, 1% NaCl). The fatty acid profile of EXRC-4A-4 T was dominated by C 17:1 ω-7 , while that of RC-2-3 T was dominated by anteiso-C 15 : 0 . The draft genome sequences revealed a DNA G+C content of 64.6 mol% for EXRC-4A-4 T and 65.8 mol% for RC-2-3 T . Based on this polyphasic study, EXRC-4A-4 T and RC-2-3 T represent two novel species within the genera Rhodococcus and Pseudarthrobacter , respectively. We propose the names Rhodococcus navarretei sp. nov. and Pseudarthrobacter quantipunctorum sp. nov. The type strains are Rhodococcus navarretei EXRC-4A-4 T and Pseudarthrobacter quantipunctorum RC-2-3 T . These strains have been deposited deposited in the CChRGM and BCCM/LMG culture collections with entry numbers RGM 3539/LMG 33621 and RGM 3538/LMG 33620, respectively.

Direct combustion of sulfur-enriched liquid fuel oil causes sulfur oxide emission, which is one of the main contributors to air pollution. Biodesulfurization is a promising and eco-friendly method to desulfurize a wide range of thiophenic compounds present in fuel oil. Previously, numerous bacterial strains from genera such as Rhodococcus, Corynebacterium, Gordonia, Nocardia, Mycobacterium, Mycolicibacterium, Paenibacillus, Shewanella, Sphingomonas, Halothiobacillus, and Bacillus have been reported to be capable of desulfurizing model thiophenic compounds or fossil fuels. In the present study, we report a new desulfurizing bacterium, Tsukamurella sp. 3OW, capable of desulfurization of dibenzothiophene through the carbon-sulfur bond cleavage 4S pathway. The bacterium showed a high affinity for the hydrocarbon phase and broad substrate specificity towards various thiophenic compounds. The overall genome-related index analysis revealed that the bacterium is closely related to Tsukamurella paurometabola species. The genomic pool of strain 3OW contains 57 genes related to sulfur metabolism, including the key dszABC genes responsible for dibenzothiophene desulfurization. The DBT-adapted cells of the strain 3OW displayed significant resilience and viability in elevated concentrations of crude oil. The bacterium showed a 19 and 37% reduction in the total sulfur present in crude and diesel oil, respectively. Furthermore, FTIR analysis indicates that the oil's overall chemistry remained unaltered following biodesulfurization. This study implies that Tsukamurella paurometabola species, previously undocumented in the context of biodesulfurization, has good potential for application in the biodesulfurization of petroleum oils., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Two novel actinomycetal strains, designated CC-R113 T and CC-R104 T , were isolated from the tissues of two macroalgae collected on the northern Portuguese coast. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain CT-R113 T belongs to the genus Nocardiopsis , being closely related to Nocardiopsis umidischolae 66/93 T and Nocardiopsis tropica VKM Ac-1457 T , with 98.65 and 98.39 % sequence similarity, respectively. The clade formed between the three type strains was confirmed by phylogenomic analysis. The genome of strain CT-R113 T was 7.27 Mb in size with a G+C content of 71.3 mol %, with average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 89.59 and 90.14 % with strains 66/93 T and VKM Ac-1457 T , respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C 18 : 1  ω 9 c , iso-C 16 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 . Menaquinone 10 (MK-10) was the major respiratory quinone. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CC-R104 T belongs to the genus Rhodococcus and is most closely related to Rhodococcus pyridinivorans DSM 44555 T , with 98.24 % sequence similarity. However, phylogenomic analysis revealed that strain CC-R104 T establishes a clade with Rhodococcus artemisae DSM 45380 T , being more distant from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans DSM 44555 T . The genome of strain CC-R104 T was 5.34 Mb in size with a G+C content of 67.01 mol%. The ANI value between strains CC-R104 T and DSM 45380 T was 81.2 % and between strains CC-R104 T and DSM 44555 T was 81.5 %. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C 18 : 1  ω 9 c , C 16 : 0 and summed feature 3. Menaquinone 8 (MK-8) was the only respiratory quinone. For both CC-R113 T and CC-R104 T , optimum growth was observed at pH 7.0, 28 °C and 0-5 % NaCl and whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso -diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid. On the basis of phenotypic, molecular and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strains CT-R113 T and CC-R104 T are considered to represent novel species, for which the names Nocardiopsis codii sp. nov. (type strain CT-R113 T =LMG33234 T =UCCCB172 T ) and Rhodococcus chondri sp. nov. (type strain CC-R104 T =LMG33233 T =UCCCB171 T ) are proposed.

Three novel mycelium-forming actinobacteria, designated OC33-EN06 T , OC33-EN07 T , and OC33-EN08 T , were isolated from wild orchid ( Aerides multiflora Roxb), collected from a hill evergreen forest in Northern Thailand. Strains OC33-EN06 T and OC33-EN07 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity with Actinomycetospora lutea TT00-04 T , 99.17 and 99.45%, respectively. Strain OC33-EN08 T showed high similarity with four species, namely ' Actinomycetospora termitidis Odt1-22 T ' (99.37%), Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis DSM 45062 T (99.02%), Actinomycetospora corticicola 014-5 T (99.02%), and Actinomycetospora soli SF1 T (98.81%). Comparative genome analysis of OC33-EN06 T , OC33-EN07 T , and OC33-EN08 T with the closely related type strains showed that average nucleotide identity (ANI) based on blast, ANI based on MUMmer, and average amino acid identity values were less than 95% and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were less than 70%, all below the thresholds for species demarcation. The digital G+C content of OC33-EN06 T , OC33-EN07 T , and OC33-EN08 T were 74.5, 74, and 74 mol%, respectively. These three strains developed bud-like chains of non-motile cylindrical spores with a smooth surface. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso -diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars contained ribose, arabinose, and galactose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H 4 ). The phospholipid profile included phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. Based on comparative analysis of genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strains OC33-EN06 T (=TBRC 18349 T =NBRC 116543 T ), OC33-EN07 T (=TBRC 18350 T =NBRC 116544 T ), and OC33-EN08 T (=TBRC 18318 T =NBRC 116542 T ) represent the type strains of three novel species of the genus Actinomycetospora for which the names Actinomycetospora aeridis sp. nov., Actinomycetospora flava sp. nov., and Actinomycetospora aurantiaca sp. nov., are proposed.

Two novel strain pairs (HM61 T /HM23 and S-34 T /S-58) were isolated from soil and the faeces of Tibetan antelope ( Pantholops hodgsonii ) collected at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of PR China. All four new isolates were aerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and short rod-shaped bacteria. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA genes and 283 core genomic genes indicated that the four strains were separated into two independent branches belonging to the genus Nocardioides . Strains HM61 T and HM23 were most closely related to Nocardioides pelophilus THG T63 T (98.58 and 98.65 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Strains S-34 T and S-58 were most closely related to Nocardioides okcheonensis MMS20-HV4-12 T (98.89 and 98.89 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains HM61 T and S-34 T were 70.6 and 72.5 mol%, respectively. Strains HM61 T , S-34 T and the type strains of closely related species in the analysis had average nucleotide identity values of 75.4-90.5 % as well as digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between 20.1 and 40.8 %, which clearly indicated that the four isolates represent two novel species within the genus Nocardioides . The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strains HM61 T and S-34 T were consistent with the genus Nocardioides . The major fatty acids of all four strains were iso -C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 1  ω 8 c or C 18 : 1  ω 9 c . For strains HM61 T and S-34 T , MK-8(H 4 ) was the predominant respiratory quinone, ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid was the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and the polar lipids profiles were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, we propose that strains HM61 T and S-34 T represent two novel species of the genus Nocardioides , respectively, with the names Nocardioides bizhenqiangii sp. nov. and Nocardioides renjunii sp. nov. The type strains are HM61 T (=GDMCC 4.343 T =JCM 36399 T ) and S-34 T (=CGMCC 4.7664 T =JCM 33792 T ).

A Gram-staining-positive actinomycete named YZH12 T was isolated from the sediment of the Yangtze River in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, China. Cells were aerobic, non-spore forming, non-motile, short rod (0.4-0.6 × 0.5-1.0 µm) or coccus (0.4-0.6 µm in diameter). Colonies were circular, smooth, and beige to yellowish. Growth occurred at 15-42 °C (optimal 28 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimal 7.0), and 0-10% (w/v) NaCl (optimal 2%). The strain could tolerate 1500 mg/L of imazamox. Strain YZH12 T showed 98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity Nocardioides zeae JM-1068 T and less than 97% similarities with other type strains in the genus Nocardioides. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YZH12 T was phylogenetically affiliated to the genus Nocardioides and formed a subclade with N. zeae JM-1068 T and N. alkalitolerans DSM 16699 T . The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between YZH12 T and closely related type strain N. zeae JM-1068 T were 79.9% and 35.2%, respectively. The major fatty acids (> 5%) were C18: 1ω9c, iso-C16: 0, C16: 0, C17: 1ω8cand C18: 0; the major respiratory quinone was MK-8(H4); and the polar lipids profiles were diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), glycolipid (GL), two aminophospholipids (APL1, APL2), and an unknown polar lipid (L). The genomic DNA G + C content is 73.5%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic analyses, and genomic data, strain YZH12 T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides imazamoxiresistens YZH12 T is proposed, with strain YZH12 T (= KCTC 49964 T  = MCCC 1K0892 T ) as the type strain., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

A novel bacterial strain, designated as MAH-18 T , was isolated from soil sampled in a flower garden. Cells of strain MAH-18 T were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped. The colonies were beige in colour, smooth, and spherical when grown on Reasoner's 2A agar medium. Strain MAH-18 T grew at 20-40 °C, pH 6.0-8.0, and 0-1.0 % NaCl. Cells were able to hydrolyse aesculin, gelatin, and Tween 20. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the isolate was determined to be a member of the genus Nocardioides and most closely related to Nocardioides pyridinolyticus OS4 T (97.9 %), Nocardioides hankookensis DS-30 T (97.9 %), Nocardioides aquiterrae GW-9 T (97.6 %), Nocardioides soli mbc-2 T (97.5 %), Nocardioides conyzicola HWE 2-02 T (97.4 %), and Nocardioides mangrovi GBK3QG-3 T (96.3 %). Strain MAH-18 T has a draft genome size of 4 788 325 bp (eight contigs), 4572 protein-coding genes, 46 tRNA, and three rRNA genes. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain MAH-18 T and the closest type strains were 81.5-83.4 % and 24.4-25.8 %, respectively. In silico genome mining revealed several biosynthetic gene clusters in the genome of the novel strain MAH-18 T . The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain was 72.2 mol% and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-8 (H 4 ). The main polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and unknown phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids were determined to be C 16:0 iso and C 17 : 1  ω 6 c . The DNA-DNA hybridization results and phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic data demonstrated that strain MAH-18 T represents a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides agri sp. nov. is proposed, with MAH-18 T as the type strain (=KACC 19744 T =CGMCC 1.13656 T ).

Strain HUAS 3-15 T was isolated from the leaves of Cathaya argyrophylla collected from Chenzhou, Hunan Province, PR China. The main fatty acids (>5.0 %) of the strain were anteiso -C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1  ω9 c , iso- C 16 : 0 , summed feature 5 (C 18 : 2  ω6,9 c /C 18 : 0 ante), iso- C 15 : 0 and anteiso- C 17 : 0 . MK-9(H 6 ), MK-9(H 8 ) and MK-9(H 4 ) were detected as respiratory quinones. The diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid was meso -diaminopimelic acid. Galactose, glucose and ribose were also present in the cell wall. The major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of the genome sequence, consisting of 8 860 963 bp, is 72.4 mol%. blast analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain belongs to the genus Kitasatospora , with 99.37, 99.03, 98.95, 98.68 and 98.67 % sequence similarity to Kitasatospora aureofaciens ATCC 10762 T , Kitasatospora viridis DSM 44826 T , Kitasatospora xanthocidica NBRC 13469 T , Kitasatospora aburaviensis NRRL B-2218 T and Kitasatospora kifunensis IFO 15206 T , respectively. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences demonstrated that strain HUAS 3-15 T formed a well-supported cluster with K. aureofaciens ATCC 10762 T . Further genomic characterization through average nucleotide identity (ANIb/m) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization analysis between strain HUAS 3-15 T and K. aureofaciens ATCC 10762 T showed values of 90.62/92.55 % and 45.3 %, respectively, lower than the 95-96 % ANI threshold and 70.0 % cutoff used as guideline values for species delineation in bacteria. Furthermore, the differences between the strain and its phylogenomic neighbour in terms of physiological (e.g. sole carbon source growth) and chemotaxonomic (e.g. cellular fatty composition) characteristics further supported this conclusion. Consequently, we concluded that strain HUAS 3-15 T represents a novel species of the genus Kitasatospora , for which the name Kitasatospora cathayae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HUAS 3-15 T (=MCCC 1K08542 T =JCM 36274 T ).