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Objective: Poor intrauterine growth has negative impacts for child growth and development and disproportionately affects children living in low‐resource settings. In the present study, we investigated relationships between placental pathologies and indicators of poor intrauterine growth. Methods: We enrolled a longitudinal cohort of 279 mother–infant pairs from Leyte, the Philippines. Placental measures included characteristics, pathological findings, and immunohistochemistry. At birth, intrauterine growth was assessed using anthropometric measures, weight‐for‐gestational age, and the clinical assessment of nutritional status score (CANSCORE) for determining fetal malnutrition. Multivariate linear regression and log‐binomial regression models were applied, controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: Maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) was related to reduced birthweight (P < 0.0001), birth length (P = 0.002), head circumference (P = 0.001), and weight‐to‐length ratio (P = 0.016). MVM increased the risk for preterm delivery (P = 0.0005) and small for gestational age (SGA) (P = 0.016). Acute chorioamnionitis (P = 0.013) and MVM (P = 0.021) both led to an increased risk for fetal malnutrition defined by CANSORE<25. Villous tissue activated caspase‐3 was associated with lower birth length (P = 0.0006), higher weight‐to‐length ratio (P = 0.004), reduced risks for SGA (P = 0.011) and low weight‐to‐length ratio for gestational age (P = 0.004). Conclusion: The present study applied comprehensive measures for intrauterine growth and demonstrates that low placental weight and placental pathology, chiefly MVM, contribute to poor intrauterine growth. A better understanding of the mechanistic role of specific placental pathologies on adverse newborn outcomes will provide opportunities for reducing incidence of poor intrauterine growth and associated long‐term morbidities. Synopsis: Among 279 mother–infant pairs from the Philippines, low placental weight and maternal vascular malperfusion were associated with increased risk for measures of poor intrauterine growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

circumvallate placenta, placental abruption and acute chorioamnionitis separately are associated with unfavourable clinical outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence and define whether an association exists between the three abnormalities. 16,042 placenta pathology reports between 1997 and 2020 from a tertiary care centre in the Netherlands were retrospectively analysed. For the statistical analysis, the chi-square test and bootstrapping were used to evaluate an association. In our cohort the prevalence of circumvallate placenta is 2.2 %, placental abruption cases 4.0 % and acute chorioamnionitis 20.6 %. We observed a statistically significant association between all three placental abnormalities: circumvallate placenta, placental abruption and acute chorioamnionitis. In addition, there was also an association between circumvallate placenta and acute chorioamnionitis. Our results show that combined presence of circumvallate placenta, placental abruption and acute chorioamnionitis are associated in preterm birth (p = 0.001). A remarkable finding is that the combination of all three abnormalities (circumvallate placenta, placental abruption and acute chorioamnionitis) was not observed in term pregnancies >37 weeks. • Prevalence of circumvallate placenta 2.2 %, abruption 4.0 %, chorioamnionitis 20.6 %. • Significant association of all three abnormalities combined. • Association between circumvallate placenta and chorioamnionitis. • Combination of all three abnormalities was not observed pregnancies >37 wks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent standardization of placental evaluation and establishment of criteria for diagnosis of major patterns of placental injury, placental pathological examination remains undervalued and under-utilized. The placenta can harbor a significant amount of information relevant to both the pregnant person and offspring. Placental pathology can also provide a significant context for pathophysiological study of adverse pregnancy outcomes, helping to optimally subcategorize the 'great obstetric syndromes' of pre-eclampsia (PE), spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), and fetal growth restriction (FGR), and to identify causes of stillbirth. We hereby propose that placental evaluation should be incorporated into routine delivery of obstetric and neonatal care, and further suggest that its integration into clinical, translational, and basic research could significantly advance our understanding of pregnancy complications and adverse neonatal outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background and objective Standardizing placental pathology diagnoses is crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and clinical communication. The Amsterdam Consensus Criteria were developed to address inconsistencies in diagnosing significant placental pathologies. This study aimed to assess the application and effectiveness of the Amsterdam Consensus Criteria in diagnosing placental pathologies, with a focus on improving the reliability and precision of placental pathology reports. Methods A retrospective review of 100 consecutively archived placental pathology samples was performed at a tertiary care hospital. These samples, gathered from January through December 2021, were reassessed according to the Amsterdam criteria. The revised diagnoses were then compared with the original descriptive diagnoses. Results Significant changes were noted in all principal diagnoses, including maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM), chronic villitis of unknown etiology (VUE), and acute chorioamnionitis (ACA). This evaluation led to a recategorization of several cases. Frequently, parenchymal infarcts were reported without adequate information to ascertain their association with MVM. Additionally, there was a noticeable lack of understanding of FVM and VUE among pathologists. ACA was the condition most consistently documented. However, detailed grading and staging were often not included. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the need to use standardized diagnostic criteria, such as the Amsterdam criteria, to enhance diagnostic accuracy and facilitate communication between pathologists and clinicians. This will ultimately lead to improved patient care outcomes. It also underlines the necessity of continuous education and calibration for pathologists to mitigate interobserver variability. There is a demand to modify these criteria to ensure universal applicability and relevance in various clinical settings., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Unit of Biomedical Ethics, Research Ethics Committee (REC) issued approval Reference no: 520-23. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Alturkustani et al.)