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Abstract Background Wrist-worn data from commercially available devices has potential to characterize sedentary time for research and for clinical and public health applications. We propose a model that utilizes heart rate in addition to step count data to estimate the proportion of time spent being sedentary and the usual length of sedentary bouts. Methods We developed and trained two Hidden semi-Markov models, STEPHEN (STEP and Heart ENcoder) and STEPCODE (STEP enCODEr; a steps-only based model) using consumer-grade Fitbit device data from participants under free living conditions, and validated model performance using two external datasets. We used the median absolute percentage error (MDAPE) to measure the accuracy of the proposed models against research-grade activPAL device data as the referent. Bland-Altman plots summarized the individual-level agreement with activPAL. Results In OPTIMISE cohort, STEPHEN’s estimates of the proportion of time spent sedentary had significantly (p

Background:Stunting is a priority target both globally and in Indonesia. There are 10 provinces in Indonesia that are the main focus of the stunting reduction program, one of which is Southeast Sulawesi Province. Kendari City, located in Southeast Sulawesi, has experienced an increase in stunting incidence over the past three years. However, progress in reducing stunting in Kendari City has not been evenly distributed across its regions and sub-regions, with significant disparities in stunting rates between different sub-districts. Objective:To determine the spatial autocorrelation based on the achievement of specific nutritional interventions for toddlers and the incidence of stunting in Kendari City using the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). Method:This quantitative study used the Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA) method. The data on stunting incidence consisted of the number of stunting cases among toddlers in 2023 across 11 sub-districts in Kendari City. The sub-districts analyzed were Abeli, Baruga, Kadia, Kambu, Kendari, West Kendari, Mandonga, Nambo, Poasia, Puuwatu, and Wua-Wua. The study was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 in Kendari City. A local autocorrelation test with LISA was performed to determine the spatial relationships among the sub-districts based on the research variables, with results displayed in the form of Moran's scatterplot, cluster map, and significance map. Results:The results of Moran's local bivariate test (LISA) indicated that the majority of sub-districts, particularly Kambu, exhibited significant positive autocorrelation with neighboring sub-districts and fell into the cold-spot category. This indicates that the number of specific nutritional intervention programs for toddlers and the cases of stunting in toddlers in 2023 were low in Kambu and its surrounding sub-districts, which also had similarly low values. Conclusion:There is spatial autocorrelation among the sub-districts in Kendari City. Although the cases of stunting in the Kambu sub-district are low, the achievement of intervention programs should remain optimal, as cases still exist in the area. Additionally, since Kambu has a spatial correlation with its neighboring areas, the government should target these areas for appropriate interventions to accelerate stunting reduction, particularly in Kendari City. Keywords:Spatial Autocorrelation; LISA; Specific Nutrition Interventions; Stunting Toddlers

Abstract Spatial molecular data has transformed the study of disease microenvironments, though, larger datasets pose an analytics challenge prompting the direct adoption of single-cell RNA-sequencing tools including normalization methods. Here, we demonstrate that library size is associated with tissue structure and that normalizing these effects out using commonly applied scRNA-seq normalization methods will negatively affect spatial domain identification. Spatial data should not be specifically corrected for library size prior to analysis, and algorithms designed for scRNA-seq data should be adopted with caution.

Allocation of space in the development of new city areas for the needs of socio-economic activities contributes to the complexity of land use and environmental degradation. This study aims to: (1) Analyze the effect of space utilization allocation, activity systems, and population mobility on the increase in energy demand for the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalasang; (2) Analyze the direct and indirect effects of activity systems, changes in land use, allocation of space use, on the need for renewable energy, and improving the environmental quality of new city areas; and (3) Formulate a model of space utilization based on renewable energy and the sustainability of new city development. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the allocation of space utilization coupled with the use of renewable energy contributes to improving the environmental quality of the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalassang. The allocation of space utilization, activity systems, and population mobility explains that 97.61% of the energy needs of the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalassang. Furthermore, the influence of the total activity system, changes in land use, and allocation of space use on renewable energy needs contributed 60.58% and the direct influence of renewable energy demand on improving the environmental quality of the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalassang was 67.73%. This study recommends the use of renewable energy to support social activity functions towards improving environmental quality and the sustainability of the development of the new city area Moncongloe-Pattalassang.

This study examines the intellectual framework research in bank lending and technological innovation relationships in countries with high banking system liquidity. This study employs bibliometrics with R-studio tools and procedures to analyze documents regarding productions, collaborations, keyword occurrences, conceptual structure, and density and centrality occurrence's network. Combining data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, this study obtained 939 documents from 527 sources with a significant opportunity for further elevation through combination with other themes. The development analysis based on the most related countries indicates that researchers from other countries have also conducted studies identified as having significant banking liquidity. Topic development and thematic evolution show that research on the role of bank lending on technological innovation evolves to environmental issues, with green credit as the most recent and emerging elaboration. For further direction, keywords in investment clusters can help elevate education, commerce, and impact clusters by combining them with research on government taxation, credit provision, sustainable development, and emission control themes.

Summary: Background: Metabolic ageing biomarkers may capture the age-related shifts in metabolism, offering a precise representation of an individual’s overall metabolic health. Methods: Utilising comprehensive lipidomic datasets from two large independent population cohorts in Australia (n = 14,833, including 6630 males, 8203 females), we employed different machine learning models, to predict age, and calculated metabolic age scores (mAge). Furthermore, we defined the difference between mAge and age, termed mAgeΔ, which allow us to identify individuals sharing similar age but differing in their metabolic health status. Findings: Upon stratification of the population into quintiles by mAgeΔ, we observed that participants in the top quintile group (Q5) were more likely to have cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.62–2.83), had a 2.01-fold increased risk of 12-year incident cardiovascular events (HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.45–2.57), and a 1.56-fold increased risk of 17-year all-cause mortality (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.34–1.79), relative to the individuals in the bottom quintile group (Q1). Survival analysis further revealed that men in the Q5 group faced the challenge of reaching a median survival rate due to cardiovascular events more than six years earlier and reaching a median survival rate due to all-cause mortality more than four years earlier than men in the Q1 group. Interpretation: Our findings demonstrate that the mAge score captures age-related metabolic changes, predicts health outcomes, and has the potential to identify individuals at increased risk of metabolic diseases. Funding: The specific funding of this article is provided in the acknowledgements section.

Pembelajaran IPS dengan media sederhana yang dibuat guru menyebabkan pembelajaran kurang menarik, siswa cepat bosan, tidak memperhatikan penjelasan guru dan monoton menjadi masalah utama. Pengembangan gamification dengan berbantu Genially diharapkan akan menciptakan pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dan menyenangkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengembangan gamification berbantu Genially dan peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMPN 1 Upau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D), dengan menggunakan model pengembangan model 4-D yaitu Define (Pendefinisian), Design (Perancangan), Develop (Pengembangan) dan Disseminate (Penyebaran). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Pengembangan gamification berbantu genially pada pembelajaran IPS di Kelas VII SMPN 1 Upau hasil validasi oleh ahli media sebesar 4,67, ahli materi sebesar 4,09 dan uji coba pengembangan sebesar 4,33 dari skor maksimal 5. Dari ketiga hasil penilaian tersebut, setelah di rata-rata maka didapatkan rata-rata skor total sebesar 4,36 dari skor maksimal 5 dengan kategori yang sangat layak. (2) Pengamatan motivasi belajar siswa pada pertemuan I memperolah 63% dalam kategori cukup dan pengamatan motivasi belajar siswa pada siklus II memperoleh 80% kategori sangat baik. Pengembangan gamifikasi berbantu genially dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas VII SMPN 1 Upau dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa.

This research explores the multifaceted concept of translanguaging in the context of teaching English as a foreign language in three universities in North Sumatra. Translanguaging, a term encompassing various aspects of multilingualism, is examined as a pedagogical approach that utilizes multiple languages within a classroom setting. The study investigates translanguaging practices among lecturers and aims to address three key research questions: the types of translanguaging practices, perceptions of lecturers and students, and the motivations behind incorporating translanguaging in teaching and learning activities. The research method is a qualitative method with a case study approach model focusing on the exploration of a "bounded system" on one specific case or on some cases in detail by exploring data in depth. Through a combination of surveys and interviews with lecturers, the study identifies eight motivations for the intentional use of translanguaging practices. These motivations include adjusting to students' proficiency levels, clarification, and emphasis, translanguaging as an academic strategy, providing challenges for student growth, considering diverse student demographics, expressing firmness and solidarity, addressing real lexical needs in communication, and expressing group identity. The findings reveal positive responses to translanguaging from both lecturers and students, highlighting its versatility in meeting educational objectives and fostering effective communication in diverse learning environments. The motivations align with existing literature, emphasizing the adaptability and significance of translanguaging in enriching the teaching and learning experience. The study concludes with several insights into translanguaging practices in North Sumatra's universities and recommends possibilities for future research and practical implementation. The proposed recommendations include professional development for lecturers, curriculum design, student training, and calls for more studies in tranlanguaging. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of translanguaging motivations and offers practical suggestions for enhancing its integration in higher education institutions.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program pendidikan karakter di PIP Makassar. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluasi dengan menggunakan model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, dan Product). Alat observasi yang digunakan berupa catatan lapangan dan wawancara dengan taruna dan tenaga pengajar. Sumber data melibatkan 64 taruna aktif dan dosen yang mengajar di PIP Makassar sebanyak 31 dosen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui analisis konteks, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman dan penerimaan komunitas terhadap kebutuhan program pendidikan karakter tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini, fokus pada input menghasilkan pemahaman mendalam tentang ketersediaan dan kualitas sumber daya, termasuk sumber daya pengajar dan sarana pembelajaran. Proses pelaksanaan program pendidikan karakter dinilai berhasil. Peserta didik menunjukkan partisipasi yang tinggi dalam kegiatan, dan kualitas implementasi sesuai dengan rencana. Evaluasi produk mencakup pencapaian peserta didik dalam hal pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan. Temuan menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman nilai-nilai karakter, perubahan sikap positif, dan pengembangan keterampilan interpersonal. Sebagai rekomendasi perencanaan dan pengembangan kurikulum yang lebih terintegrasi, pelatihan staf pengajar yang berfokus pada integrasi nilai-nilai karakter, dan upaya meningkatkan partisipasi mahasiswa dalam pengambilan keputusan.

This study investigates the dynamics of water resources in the Citarum watershed during periods of weak La Niña, normal, and weak El Niño conditions occurring sequentially. The Citarum watershed serves various purposes, being utilized not only by seven (7) districts and two (2) cities in West Java, Indonesia but also as a source of raw water for drinking in the City of Jakarta. Using a time-series analysis of surface water data, data-driven (machine learning) methods, and statistical analysis methods, spatiotemporal predictions of surface water have been made. The surface water time series data (2017–2021), obtained from in situ instruments, are used to assess water resources, predict groundwater recharge, and analyze seasonal patterns. The results indicate that surface water follows a seasonal pattern, particularly during the monsoon season, corresponding to the groundwater recharge pattern. In upstream areas, water resources exhibit an increasing trend during both weak La Nina and weak El Niño, except for Jatiluhur Dam, where a decline is observed in both seasons. Machine learning predictions suggest that water levels and groundwater recharge tend to decrease in both upstream and downstream areas.

This research explores the heightened sensitivity of the electrochemical formaldehyde detection achieved by incorporating a modified graphene paste electrode with a titanium dioxide-silver (TiO2/Ag) composite (GTA). The G-TiO2 matrix was augmented with varying masses of silver modifiers, namely, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g, aiming to establish the most effective composition for formaldehyde detection. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the material's composition, revealing GTA electrode nanocomposites consisting of carbon, oxygen, titanium, and silver with the compositions of 77.05, 19.46, 2.39, and 1.11%, respectively. An electrochemical analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of the developed electrode in a 1 M K3[Fe(CN)6] solution. Furthermore, a real sample testing was performed to evaluate the practical utility of the electrode gauging its efficiency through the calculation of percentage recovery before and after treatment. The GTA electrode with a 0.4 g Ag modifier exhibited the optimal performance, as evidenced by a Horwitz Ratio stability test result of 1.38% and a limit of detection of 0.0168 µg/L. This research highlights the promising potential of the GTA electrode for the precise and sensitive formaldehyde detection, particularly in processed food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Conventional learning methods such as lectures and discussions are still widely used, so they do not hone the 21st-century skills needed by students. The problems of less academic communication between students, low collaboration to solve certain problems, and low thinking skills can result in less-prepared graduates facing the 21st century. The study aims to investigate the effect of the team-based project learning method on (1) communication skills, (2) collaboration skills, and (3) critical thinking skills of PPKn students. The approach in this research is quantitative, and the method of quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group research design. The research sample was students of the Pancasila and Citizenship Education Study Program at Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka who took the Penelitian Hasil Belajar course in the 2022/2023 academic year. Sampling was carried out using non-probability techniques and using total sampling. The results showed that the team-based project learning method positively influences students' communication, collaboration, and critical thinking skills when completing a project given by lecturers as an alternative learning method that can be applied at the higher education level. ----------------------------- Abstrak Metode pembelajaran konvensional seperti ceramah dan diskusi masih banyak digunakan sehingga kurang mengasah keterampilan abad 21 yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa. Persoalan komunikasi akademik mahasiswa yang kurang, kolaborasi yang rendah untuk menyelesaikan persoalan tertentu, dan keterampilan berpikir yang rendah dapat mengakibatkan lulusan yang kurang siap dalam menghadapi abad 21. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh metode pembelajaran team-based project terhadap: (1) keterampilan komunikasi, (2) keterampilan kolaborasi, dan (3) keterampilan berpikir kritis pada mahasiswa PPKn. Pendekatan pada penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dan metode eksperimen semu (quasi-experiment) dengan desain penelitian pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group. Sampel penelitian yaitu mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan di Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka yang mengambil mata kuliah Penelitian Hasil Belajar pada tahun akademik 2022/2023. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik non-probabilitas dan menggunakan total sampling (sampling jenuh). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode pembelajaran team-based project memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap keterampilan komunikasi, kolaborasi, dan berpikir kritis mahasiswa ketika menyelesaikan sebuah proyek yang diberikan oleh dosen sebagai salah satu alternatif metode pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan di tingkat pendidikan tinggi.

Background: The population growth rate in Indonesia from 2010-2020 was 1.25% per year. The rate of population growth must be accompanied by an increase in the quality of human life. Human quality of life begins from within the womb, so that preventive efforts can be undertaken. The Family Planning Program was implemented to overcome the problem of population density so that it becomes more controlled. However, in line with the existence of the family planning program, there are still incidents of unmet need for family planning that occur among couples of productive ages. Purpose: This study aims to undertake a cluster analysis to see which variables are the dominant reasons for couples of childbearing ages to have unmet needs. Methods: This research was conducted using the K-Means cluster analysis method, using secondary data in 25 sub-districts from the Banyuwangi Regency Social, Women's Empowerment and Family Planning Service. Results: Research showed that 3 clusters were formed, each cluster had a dominant incidence of unmet need. Cluster 1 was dominant in Drop Out incidents in 14 sub-districts, Cluster 2 was dominant in IAT incidents in 9 sub-districts, and Cluster 3 was dominant in TIAL incidents in 2 sub-districts. Conclusion: The implementation of cluster grouping can make it easier for officers to focus on reducing the number of unmet need incidents that occur among residents in each sub-district.

This research aims to investigate the role of the hidden curriculum in fostering a moderate character among students at Al-Ilahiyyah Islamic Boarding School in Ngoro, Jombang. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, the research involves Kiai, Ustadz, and students as participants. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that: (1) there are five critical components of the hidden curriculum at the boarding school that contribute to developing students' moderate character, namely congregational prayers, religious book study sessions, public speaking, discussions, student life, and daily social interactions; (2) these components embody core values of moderation such as balance, openness, tolerance, non-imposition of opinions, and harmonious coexistence in diversity; (3) through the processes of habituation and internalization of these values, students' characters increasingly reflect moderate qualities. Consequently, the hidden curriculum significantly contributes to enhancing the moderate character of students at the studied location, as demonstrated by the diversity that allows the boarding school community to coexist peacefully.

Private universities face various challenges and risks in managing operations and achieving strategic goals. Therefore, strategic planning is crucial in risk management to enhance the quality of education. This study aims to analyze and implement strategic risk management plans at private universities. The research methods used include literature reviews to comprehend the fundamental concepts of risk management and strategic planning, along with case studies from several private universities that have successfully implemented strategic risk management planning. The results indicate that the integration of strategic planning and risk management plays a pivotal role in enhancing the resilience and performance of private universities. The implementation of strategic risk management plans in private universities involves specific steps such as risk identification, risk assessment, mitigation strategy development, and continuous monitoring. The participation of all stakeholders is also a crucial factor in the success of this implementation. This study presents a model for implementing strategic risk management plans that can be adopted by other private universities. The findings of this study are anticipated to offer practical guidance for educational institutions to enhance the effectiveness of risk management and better accomplish their strategic objectives.

This study was conducted to investigate the usage of iron sand as composite reinforcement. The addition of carbon powder with variations of 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt% is expected to enhance the interfacial bond between iron sand and epoxy matrix to be better. Physical and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated using a wear resistance test Pin on Disc method, shore-D hardness, bending test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed an increase in wear resistance and mechanical properties of composite due to the addition of carbon powder. This was confirmed by the fact that the HCP composite with 30 wt% carbon powder showed a good increase in wear resistance but a reduction in flexural properties and hardness values. Meanwhile, the LCP composite with 20 wt% carbon powder was recommended in terms of good flexural properties. The increased mechanical properties of composite were supported by composite crystallinity index value recorded to be 59.45 % from the XRD test. SEM analysis showed better dispersion and interfacial bonding for carbon powder and iron sand in the composite matrix. These results are expected to contribute to the new development of composite brake pad.