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BACKGROUND: The ultrasound guided brachial plexus block is a precise technique of providing anaesthesia & post op analgesia in surgical procedures involving upper limb. This study was conducted to compare two doses of dexmedetomidine given as adjuvant to 0.5% ropivacaine in ultrasound guided brachial plexus block in upper limb surgeries. METHODS : This was a randomised control trial carried out in 60 patients, 18-60 years of age of both sexes posted for upper limb surgeries . Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group A received 0.5% Ropivacaine 25 mL plus 30 micrograms dexmedetomedine (0.3 mL) plus 4.7 mL distilled water and Group B received 0.5% Ropivacaine 25 mL plus 50 micrograms (0.5 mL) dexmedetomedine plus 4.5 mL distilled water. Patients were assesed for onset and duration of sensory and motor block, time of rescue analgesia, hemodynamic responses and complications or any side effects. RESULT : Onset of sensory and motor block in Group A was 10.07 ± 0.69 mins and 14.23 ± 0.77 mins respectively while in Group B was 7.47 ± 0.63 mins and 10.0 ± 0.83 mins respectively. Mean duration of sensory block in Group A was 654.40 ± 28.42 mins and in Group B was 942.0 ± 54.32 mins while mean duration of motor block in Group A was 537.03 ± 27.07 mins and Group B was 798.67 ± 67.84 mins. CONCLUSION : We concluded that, 50 micrograms of dexmedetomedine when compared with 30 micrograms of dexmedetomedine with 0.5% ropivacaine produced early onset of both sensory and motor block, longer duration of sensory and motor block and longer postoperative pain relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Darchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) is a bark of a cinnamon plant that belongs to the Lauraceae family. Cinnamon is a rich tasting and aromatic spice used by different cultures worldwide. Recently, many phytochemicals were discovered and obtained from Darchini. Numerous experimental research using these phytochemical components have established several therapeutic actions. In addition, it possesses useful medicinal properties and is considered a remedy for indigestion, flatulency, depletion of innate heat, respiratory diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. A manual literature search of classical Unani manuscripts was carried out to acquire information on temperament (Mizaj), pharmacological activities and medicinal applications of Darchini. In addition, all accessible material on phytochemical, physiochemical and pharmacological studies have been collected using an extensive review of internet sources such PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The aim of this review article is to further highlight the discovered pharmacological effect and medicinal values of Cinnamomum zeylanicum as per the Unani literature as well as scientific research. Based on scientific studies regarding its phytochemical components, it is beneficial for various ailments. Darchini also has a beneficial effect on some gynaecological disorders such as amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, prolapse, and vaginosis. However, there is need to conduct experimental and clinical study to validate their effectiveness and safety in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In India, the cosmetics industry has expanded significantly because of changing lifestyles and increased awareness. In terms of earning the most money from the personal care and cosmetics industry in 2021, India is ranked fourth globally. Many cosmetics sold in India include ingredients that cannot be used on humans. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward the uses of cosmetics and cosmetovigilance in India. Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted, from April to May 2022, among the general population living in the Delhi NCR region, India. Study questionnaires (printed and survey link) were distributed in public as well as at workplaces for the survey. Results: Around 268 (54.78%) females and 223 (45.21%) males participated in the survey. Amongst the total respondents ‑ 407 (83%) agreed that they are using cosmetic products on a daily basis, females 229 (85.44%), being the majority users compared to males 178 (80%), with a significant P value = 0.011. Most of the people reported side effects of shampoos ‑ 7.13% (hair fall, hair thinning, dryness of the scalp, itching), followed by allergic reactions to moisturizers ‑ 5.70%. Conclusion: Because of the right safety and effectiveness mentorship of cosmetics, regulatory agencies and stakeholders should adopt this broadly. Cosmetovigilance needs to be put into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]